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Solved CBSE XII Maths (EF1GH-2)
Solved CBSE XII Maths (EF1GH-2)
1 2 1
03. If 2 3 1 is non-singular matrix and a A , then the set A is
3 a 1
(a) R (b) {0} (c) {4} (d) R {4}
1 2 1
Sol. (d) For non-singular matrix, 2 3 1 0 1(2a 9) 1(a 6) 1(1) 0
3 a 1
a 4 i.e., a R {4}
A R {4} .
04. If A kA , where A is a square matrix of order 2, then sum of all possible value of k is
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0
2 2
Sol. (d) A kA implies, A k A k 1 k 1, 1
Clearly, the sum of all possible values of k will be 0.
d
05. If [f (x)] ax b and f (0) 0, then f (x) is equal to
dx
ax 2 ax 2
(a) a b (b) bx (c) bx c (d) b
2 2
d
Sol. (b) As [f (x)] ax b d[f (x)] (ax b)dx
dx
a x2
f (x) bxc
2
a 02
As f (0) 0, f (0) b 0 c c 0
2
a x2
Hence, f (x) bx .
2
dy
06. Degree of the differential equation sin x cos y 2 is
dx
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) not defined (d) 0
Sol. (c) Degree for the given D.E. is ‘not defined’.
dx
07. The integrating factor of the differential equation (1 y 2 ) yx ay, ( 1 y 1) is
dy
1 1 1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 2
(d)
y 1 y2 1 1 y 1 y2
dx y ay
Sol. (d) Rewriting the D.E., 2
x
dy 1 y 1 y2
dx y
On comparing the D.E. with P(y)x Q(y) , we get P(y) 2
dy 1 y
y 1 2y 1
1 y2 dy
dy
2 1 y2 log (1 y2 ) 2 1/2 1/2 1
So, integrating factor e e e 2
e log (1 y ) 1 y 2 .
1 y2
08. Unit vector along PQ, where coordinates of P and Q respectively are (2, 1, –1) and (4, 4, –7), is
tan x 1 1 tan x
Sol. (c) dx dx tan x dx log sec x c .
tan x 1 tan x 1 4 4
14. If (a, b), (c, d) and (e, f) are the vertices of ABC and denotes the area of ABC, then
2
a c e
b d f is equal to
1 1 1
(a) 2 2 (b) 4 2 (c) 2 (d) 4
a c e a c e
1
Sol. (b) Area of ABC , b d f 2 b d f
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
2
a c e
Clearly, b d f 4 2 .
1 1 1
15. The function f (x) x x is
(a) continuous and differentiable at x 0
(b) continuous but not differentiable at x 0
(c) differentiable but not continuous at x 0
(d) neither differentiable nor continuous at x 0
Sol. (a) The function f (x) x x is continuous and differentiable at x 0
2
x , if x 0
Note that f (x) x x 2
x , if x 0
2x, if x 0
f (x) . Therefore, f (x) is differentiable in R. So, it must be continuous in R.
2x, if x 0
xy dy
16. If tan k , then is equal to
xy dx
y y y y
(a) (b) (c) sec 2 (d) sec2
x x x x
xy
Sol. (b) On rewriting, we get tan 1 k
xy
dy dy
(x y) 1 (x y) 1
dx dx d (tan 1 k)
2
(x y) dx
dy dy dy dy
xx yy xx yy
dx dx dx dx 0
2
(x y)
dy dy y
2x 2y .
dx dx x
17. The objective function z ax by of an LPP has maximum value 42 at (4, 6) and minimum
value 19 at (3, 2). Which of the following is true?
(a) a 9, b 1 (b) a 5, b 2 (c) a 3, b 5 (d) a 5, b 3
22. A particle moves along the curve 3y ax 3 1 such that at a point with x-coordinate 1, y-
coordinate is changing twice as fast at x-coordinate. Find the value of a.
dy dx dy dx
Sol. For 3y ax 3 1 , 3 3a x 2 a x2
dt dt dt dt
dy dx
When x 1, 2
dt dt
dx dx
That means, 2 a (1)2
dt dt
a 2.
23. If a, b, c are three non-zero unequal vectors such that a b a c , then find the angle between
a and b c .
Sol. Since a b a c implies, a b a c 0
a (b c) 0
a 0, (b c) 0 (given that a, b, c are three non-zero unequal vectors)
Therefore, a (b c) .
Hence, the required angle between a and b c is 90o .
x y 1 z 1
24. Find the coordinates of points on line which are at a distance of 11 units
1 2 2
from origin.
x y 1 z 1
Sol. Let
1 2 2
Then the coordinates of any random point on the line will be A(, 2 1, 2 1) .
Now OA 2 (2 1)2 (2 1) 2 11
2 4 2 4 1 4 2 4 1 11
9 2 11 2
9 2 9
1, 1
Hence, the required points are (1,3,1), (1, 1, 3) .
2
d 2 y dy
25. (a) If y ax b , prove that y 2 0.
dx dx
OR
ax b; 0 x 1
(b) If f (x) 2 is a differentiable function in (0, 2), then find the values of ‘a’
2x x; 1 x 2
and ‘b’.
Sol. (a) y ax b y 2 ax b
dy
2y a
dx
d 2 y dy dy
y 2 0
dx dx dx
2
d 2 y dy
y 2 0.
dx dx
OR
(b) Note that, if a function is differentiable at a point, it is continuous at that point as well.
We shall take x 1 for continuity and differentiability.
2
For continuity, lim(2x
x) f (1)
x 1
2
2(1) 1 a(1) b
a b 1 …(i)
For differentiability, Lf (1) Rf (1)
(ax b) (a b) (2x 2 x) (a b)
lim lim
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
2
a(x 1) (2x x) (1)
lim lim (By (i)
x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1
(2x 1)(x 1)
lim a lim
x 1 x 1 x 1
a lim(2x
1)
x 1
a (21 1) 3
b 1 a 2 .
SECTION C
This section comprises short answer (SA) type questions of 3 marks each.
/4
26. (a) Evaluate log(1 tan x) dx .
0
OR
dx
(b) Find .
sin 3 x cos(x a)
/ 4
Sol. (a) Let I log (1 tan x) dx …(i)
0
/ 4
I log 1 tan 4 x dx
0
/ 4
tan tan x
4
I log 1
dx
0 1 tan tan x
4
/ 4
1 tan x
I log 1 1 tan x dx
0
/ 4
2
I log 1 tan x dx
0
/ 4
I log 2 log(1 tan x) dx
0
/ 4 / 4
I log 2 dx log(1 tan x)dx
0 0
/ 4
I log 2 dx I (By (i)
0
/4
2 I log 2 x 0
2 I log 2 0
4
I log 2 .
8
OR
dx
(b) Let I
sin 3 x cos(x a)
cosec 2 x dx cosec2 x dx cosec2 x dx
I
sin 3 x cos(x a) sin 3 x cos (x a) cos x cos a sin x sin a
sin 2 x sin 4 x sin x
cosec 2 x dx 2 dt
I Put cot x cos a sin a t cosec x dx cos a
cot x cos a sin a
1 dt 2 t
I c
cos a t cos a
2 cot x cos a sin a
I c.
cos a
2
1 1 x x
27. Find e cot x 2 dx .
1 x
1 1 x x2
Sol. Let I ecot x
2 dx
1 x
dx
Put cot 1 x t dt I e t ( cot t) (1 cot 2 t) dt
1 x2
I e t ( cot t) (cosec 2 t) dt
Note that, f (t) cot t, f (t) cosec 2 t
1
1 e 2x
Sol. Let I x x x x
dx 2x 2x
dx (On multiplying Nr & Dr both by e 2x
(e e )(e e ) (e 1)(e 1)
dt
Put e 2x t e 2x dx
2
1 1 1 1 1 1
I dt dt log t 1 log t 1
2 (t 1)(t 1) 4 t 1 t 1 4
1 e 2x 1
I log
4 e 2x 1
log 3 log 3
1 1 e 2x 1
Now dx log
log 2
(e x e x )(e x e x ) 4 e 2x 1 log 2
1 3 1 2 1
log log
4 3 1 2 1
1 1 1 1
log log log 2 log 3
4 2 3 4
1 3
log .
4 2
Note that, e 2x e 2log 3 e log3 3, e 2x e 2log 2 e log 2 2 .
29. (a) Find the general solution of the differential equation :
(xy x 2 ) dy y 2 dx.
OR
(b) Find the general solution of the differential equation :
dy
(x 2 1) 2xy x 2 4 .
dx
dx xy x 2
Sol. (a) Rewriting the D.E.,
dy y2
2
dx x x
dy y y
dx dv
Put x vy vy
dy dy
dv dv
vy v v2 y v 2
dy dy
dv dy
2
v y
1
log y c
v
y
log y c or, y x log y c x is the required general solution.
x
OR
dy 2x x2 4
(b) Rewriting the D.E., 2 y 2
dx x 1 x 1
dy 2x x2 4
On comparing to P(x)y Q(x) , we get P(x) 2 , Q(x) 2
dx x 1 x 1
2x
x 2 1 dx 2
Integrating factor is e elog ( x 1)
(x 2 1)
x2 4
Required solution of D.E. is, (x 2 1)y (x 2 1) dx c
x2 1
(x 2 1)y x 2 4 dx c
x 4
(x 2 1)y x 2 4 log x x 2 4 c
2 2
x
Therefore, (x 2 1)y x 2 4 2log x x 2 4 c is the required general solution.
2
30. (a) Two balls are drawn at random one by one with replacement from an urn containing equal
number of red balls and green balls. Find the probability distribution of number of red balls.
Also, find the mean of the random variable.
OR
(b) A and B throw a die alternately till one of them gets a ‘6’ and wins the game.
Find their respective probabilities of wining, if A starts the game first.
Sol. (a) Let ‘n’ number of red balls are there in the urn so, number of green balls will also be ‘n’.
Total number of balls in the urn will be ‘2n’.
Let X denote the number of red balls. So, values of X will be 0, 1, 2.
Let E : drawing a red ball from the urn.
n 1 1
P(E) , P(E) 1 P(E)
2n 2 2
1 2 1
Now P(X 0) P(E) P(E) ; P(X 1) 2P(E) P(E) ; P(X 2) P(E) P(E) .
4 4 4
Table for probability distribution is given below.
X 0 1 2
P(X) 1 2 1
4 4 4
1 2 1 4
Mean X P(X) 0 1 2 1 .
4 4 4 4
OR
(b) Let E : getting a six.
1 5
P(E) = , P(E) = 1 P(E) .
6 6
If A starts the game then, he can win in first, third, fifth,… throws.
2 4
1 5 1 5 1
Therefore, P(A wins) P(E) P(EEE) P(EEEEE) ... = ...
6 6 6 6 6
1
6 a
P(A wins) 6 [ a ar ar 2 ... , Sum of an infinite G.P.
25 11 1 r
1
36
6 5
Also, P(B wins) 1 P(A wins) 1 .
11 11
31. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.
Minimize : Z 5x 10y
Subject to constraints : x 2y 120, x y 60, x 2y 0,
x 0, y 0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown below.
Corner points Value of Z
A(60, 0) 300 Min.
B(120, 0) 600
C(60, 30) 600
D(40, 20) 400
Therefore, minimum value of Z is
300 and it is obtained at A(60, 0).
SECTION D
This section comprises long answer (LA) type questions of 5 marks each.
3 2 4 1 2 0
32.
(a) If A 2 1 2 , B 2 1 2 , then find AB and use it to solve the following
2 1 3 0 1 1
system of equations.
x 2y 3
2x y z 2
2y z 3.
OR
cos sin 0
(b) If f () sin cos 0 , prove that f () f () f ( ) .
0 0 1
3 2 4 1 2 0 1 0 0
Sol. (a) AB 2 1 2 2 1 2 0 1 0 AB I B1 A …(i)
2 1 3 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 2 0 x 3 x 3
Given system of equations can be rewritten as 2 1 1 y 2 i.e., B y 2
0 2 1 z 3 z 3
x 3 3 2 4 3
y (B)1 2 2 1 2 2 ( B1 A (B1 ) (B) 1 A
z 3 2 1 3 3
x 3 2 2 3 1
y 2 1 1 2 1
z 4 2 3 3 1
By equality of matrices, we get : x 1, y 1, z 1 .
OR
cos sin 0 cos() sin() 0 cos sin 0
(b) f ( ) sin cos 0 , f () sin() cos( ) 0 sin cos 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
cos sin 0 cos sin 0
Now f ( ) f () sin cos 0 sin cos 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
cos cos sin sin cos sin sin cos 0
sin cos cos sin sin sin cos cos 0
0 0 1
cos ( ) sin ( ) 0 cos ( ) sin ( ) 0
sin ( ) cos ( ) 0 sin ( ) cos ( ) 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
f ( ) .
Hence, f () f () f ( ) .
33. (a) Find the equations of the diagonals of the parallelogram PQRS whose vertices are
P(4, 2, 6), Q(5, 3, 1), R(12, 4, 5) and S(11, 9, 2). Use these equations to find the point of
intersection of diagonals.
OR
x y z
(b) A line l passes through point (1, 3, 2) and is perpendicular to both the lines
1 2 3
x 2 y 1 z 1
and . Find the vector equation of the line l. Hence, obtain its distance from
3 2 5
origin.
Sol. (a) Consider the diagram given below.
x 5 y 3 z 1
Equation of QS :
11 5 9 3 2 1
x 5 y 3 z 1
That is, .
2 4 1
The coordinates of random points on PR and QS are respectively A(8 4, 2 2,11 6) and
B(2 5, 4 3, 1) .
When PR and QS intersect, points A and B must coincide for some specific values of and .
12 MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics
YouTube channel - Mathematicia By O.P. Gupta theopgupta.com
2
1 2 3 y 4 y
y 4 – y 2 sin 1
2 3 0 2 2 2 3
1 3
3 0 0 2 2 Sq.units .
2 3 2 2 3 3
35. A function f :[4, 4] [0, 4] is given by f (x) 16 x 2 . Show that f is an onto function but
not a one-one function. Further, find all possible values of ‘a’ for which f (a) 7 .
Sol. Note that, f (2) 16 22 12, f (2) 16 (2)2 12 .
That is, f (2) f (2) but 2 2 . Hence, f is not one-one.
Let y f (x) 16 x 2 , y [0, 4]
y 2 16 x 2
x 2 16 y 2
x 16 y 2 [4, 4] y [0, 4] .
That is, range codomain.
Therefore, f is onto function.
As f (a) 7 16 a 2 7
16 a 2 7
a2 9 a 3 .
SECTION E
(Question numbers 36 to 38 carry 4 marks each.)
This section contains three Case-study / Passage based questions.
First two questions have three sub-parts (i), (ii) and (iii) of marks 1, 1 and 2 respectively.
Third question has two sub-parts of 2 marks each.
CASE STUDY I
36. Engine displacement is the measure of the cylinder volume swept by all the points of a piston
engine. The piston moves inside the cylinder bore.
The cylinder bore in the form of circular cylinder open at the top is to be made from a metal
sheet of area 75 cm 2 .
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) If the radius of cylinder is r cm and height is h cm , then write the volume V of cylinder in
terms of radius r .
dV
(ii) Find .
dr
(iii) Find the radius of cylinder when its volume is maximum.
OR
(iii) For maximum volume, h r. State true or false and justify.
Sol. (i) As the cylinder is open at the top so, 2 r h r 2 75 cm 2 .
75 r 2 75 r 2
h
2 r 2r
75 r 2
Now volume of cylinder, V r 2 h r 2
2r
(75r r 3 )
V .
2
dV (75 3r 2 )
(ii) .
dr 2
dV (75 3r 2 ) d 2 V (0 3 2r)
(iii) As so, (3 r)
dr 2 dr 2 2
dV (75 3r 2 )
For 0, 0 (75 3r 2 ) 0 r 5 cm
dr 2
d2V
Note that, 2 (15 ) 0
dr at r 5
Clearly, V is maximum when r 5 cm .
OR
2 2
dV (75 3r ) d V (0 3 2r)
(iii) As so, (3 r)
dr 2 dr 2 2
dV (75 3r 2 )
For 0, 0
dr 2
(75 3r 2 ) 0 r 5 cm
d2V
Note that, 2 (15 ) 0
dr at r 5
Clearly, V is maximum when r 5 cm .
75 r 2 75 25
Now h 5 cm .
2r 10
That means, h r .
Hence, the statement ‘For maximum volume, h r. ’ is false.
CASE STUDY II
37. Recent studies suggest that roughly 12% of the world population is left handed.
Depending upon the parents, the chances of having a left handed child are as follows :
A: When both father and mother are left handed :
Chances of left handed child is 24%.
B: When father is right handed and mother is left handed :
Chances of left handed child is 22%.
C: When father is left handed and mother is right handed :
Chances of left handed child is 17%.
D: When both father and mother are right handed :
Chances of left handed child is 9%.
1
Assuming that P(A) P(B) P(C) P(D) and L denotes the event that child is left handed.
4
Based on the above information, answer the following equations.
(i) Find P(L | C) .
(ii) Find P(L | A) .
(iii) Find P(A | L) .
OR
(iii) Find the probability that a randomly selected child is left handed given that exactly one of
the parents is left handed.
Sol. (i) P(L | C) 17% 0.17 .
(ii) P(L | A) 24% P(L | A) 1 P(L | A) 76% 0.76 .
P(L | A)P(A)
(iii) P(A | L)
P(L | A)P(A) P(L | B)P(B) P(L | C)P(C) P(L | D)P(D)
(using Bayes’ theorem
1
24%
P(A | L) 4
1 1 1 1
24% 22% 17% 9%
4 4 4 4
24
P(A | L)
24 22 17 9
24 1
P(A | L) .
72 3
OR
(iii) P(L | B) P(L | C) 22% 17% 39% 0.39 .
CASE STUDY III
38. The use of electric vehicles will curb air pollution in the long run.
The use of electric vehicle is increasing every year and estimated electric vehicles in use at any
time t is given by the function V :
1 5
V(t) t 3 t 2 25t 2
5 2
where t represent the time and t 1, 2, 3,... corresponds to year 2001, 2002, 2003, ...
respectively.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Can the above function be used to estimate number of vehicles in the year 2000? Justify.
(ii) Prove that the function V(t) is an increasing function.
Sol. (i) Since t represents the time and t 1, 2, 3,... corresponds to year 2001, 2002, 2003, ...
respectively. So, for year 2000, value of t must be 0.
1 5
That means, V(0) 03 02 25 0 2 2 , which does not make any sense.
5 2
So, the function V can not be used to estimate number of vehicles in the year 2000.
3 3t 2 25t 125
(ii) On differentiating, V(t) t 2 5t 25
5 5
2
(6t 25) 875
V(t)
60
2 (6t 25) 2 875
Since (6t 25) will never be a negative quantity so, V (t) 0.
60
Hence, the function V(t) is an increasing function.
(a) 2a 3b (b) 2a 3b (c) 3b 2a (d) 2a 3b
Sol. (c) By using triangular law of vector addition
BA AC BC
2a AC 3b
AC 3b 2a .
06. If a b 3 and a b 3 , then angle between a and b is
2 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 3 6
ab 3
Sol. (d) Consider
a b 3
a b sin 1
a b cos 3
1
tan
3
5
.
6
07. Equation of line passing through origin and making 30, 60 and 90 with x, y, z axes
respectively is
2x y z 2x 2y z 2y z 2x 2y z
(a) (b) (c) 2x (d)
3 2 0 3 1 0 3 1 3 1 1
3 1
Sol. (b) The direction cosines of the line : cos30, cos 60, cos90 i.e., , ,0.
2 2
x y z 2x 2y z
The required equation of line passing through origin is i.e., .
3 1 0 3 1 0
2 2
2
08. If A and B are two events such that P(A | B) 2 P(B | A) and P(A) P(B) , then P(B) is
3
equal to
2 7 4 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
9 9 9 9
P(A B) P(A B)
Sol. (a) P(A | B) 2 P(B | A) means, 2 P(A) 2 P(B)
P(B) P(A)
2 2
Now P(A) P(B) means, 2 P(B) P(B)
3 3
2
P(B) .
9
15. If A is a 2 3 matrix such that AB and AB both are defined, then order of the matrix B is
(a) 2 2 (b) 2 1 (c) 3 2 (d) 3 3
Sol. (d) Let order of B be m n .
Since AB is defined so, m 3 ; also AB is defined so, n 3 .
Therefore, order of B is 3 3 .
23. If the equation of a line is x ay b, z cy d , then find the direction ratios of the line and a
point on the line.
Sol. x ay b, z cy d
xb zd
y, y
a c
x b y zd
a 1 c
Hence, the direction ratios of the line will be a, 1, c .
Also, a point on this line will be (b, 0, d) .
25. If the circumference of circle is increasing at the constant rate, prove that rate of change of area
of circle is directly proportional to its radius.
dC
Sol. Let k, where k is constant and C denote the circumference of circle
dt
d
(2 r) k
dt
dr dr k
2 k
dt dt 2
Now area of circle, A r 2
dA dr k
2 r 2 r kr
dt dt 2
dA
Hence, r.
dt
29. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically.
Maximize : Z x 2y
Subject to constraints :
x 2y 100,
2x y 0,
2x y 200,
x 0, y 0.
Sol. Consider the diagram below.
1
4
30. (a) Evaluate x x dx .
1
OR
1
sin x
(b) Find (1 x
2 3/2
dx .
)
1 0 1 0 1
4 4
Sol. (a) x x dx x x dx x x dx (x x) dx (x 4 x) dx
4 4
1 1 0 1 0
0 1
x5 x 2 x5 x2
5 2 1 5 2 0
1 1 1 1
(0) (0)
5 2 5 2
1 1 1 1
1.
5 2 5 2
OR
1
sin x
(b) Let I 2 3/ 2
dx (Put sin 1 x sin x dx cos d
(1 x )
I 2 3/ 2
cos d
(1 sin )
I cos d
cos 3
I sec 2 d
d
I sec 2 d [] sec 2 d d
d
I tan tan d
sin
I log cos c
cos
sin
I log 1 sin 2 c
2
1 sin
1
x sin x x sin 1 x 1
I log 1 x 2 c or, I log 1 x 2 c .
1 x 2
1 x 2 2
1 sin x
31. Find e x dx .
1 cos x
1 sin x
Sol. Let I e x dx
1 cos x
x x
1 2sin cos
I ex 2 2 dx
2 x
2 sin
2
2 x
cosec
x 2 x
Ie cot dx
2 2
x
x cosec2
Note that, f (x) cot , f (x) 2
2 2
x
By using e x f (x) f (x) dx e x f (x) c , we get I e x cot
c.
2
33. Using integration, find the area of triangle whose vertices are (1, 1), (0, 5) and (3, 2).
Sol. Let A(1, 1), B(0, 5) and C(3, 2).
y 1 5 1
Equation of AB :
x 1 0 1
y 4x 5
y 5 25
Equation of BC :
x 0 30
y 5 x
y 1 2 1
Equation of CA :
x 1 3 1
x 5
y
4
0 3 3
(x 5)
Required area, ar(ABC) (4x 5)dx (5 x)dx dx
1 0 1
4
2 0 3 3
(4x 5) (5 x) 1 (x 5)2
2
8 1 2 0 4 2 1
1 1 1
25 1 4 25 64 16
8 2 8
21 15
3 6 Sq.units .
2 2
B(5i 3j k)
and C(12i 4j 5k).
The position vector of D is given by
(a) 3i 5j 10k (b) 21i 3j (c) 11i 9j 2k (d) 11i 9j 2k
Sol. (c) AB ˆi 5ˆj 7k,ˆ BC 7iˆ 7ˆj 4kˆ
ˆi 5ˆj 7kˆ OC OD
OD (12i 4j 5k) (iˆ 5jˆ 7k)
ˆ
OD 11i 9j 2k .
1 3 B
03. If for two events A and B, P(A B) and P(A) , then P is equal to
5 5 A
1 3 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 5 5 3
Sol. (d) P(A B) P(A) P(A B)
1 3
P(A B)
5 5
2
P(A B)
5
B
P(A B) 2/5 2
P .
A P(A) 3/5 3
2 /2
2 2
04. If cos x dx k cos x dx , then the value of k is
0 0
1
cos (
3
1 1 1
That is, the direction cosines of this line will be , , .
3 3 3
x 1 y 2 z 3
Hence, equation of the line passing through point (1, 2, 3) , is
1 1 1
3 3 3
x 1 y 2 z 3
That is, is the required equation of line.
1 1 1
21. If points A, B and C have position vectors 2i, j and 2k respectively, then show that ABC is
an isosceles triangle.
Sol. Here AB 2iˆ ˆj , BC ˆj 2kˆ and CA 2iˆ 2kˆ
Note that, AB BC CA 0 .
Also, AB 4 1 5 and CB 1 4 5 .
As AB CB so, ABC is an isosceles triangle.
23. If equal sides of an isosceles triangle with fixed base 10 cm are increasing at the rate of
4 cm/sec, how fast is the area of triangle increasing at an instant when all sides become equal?
Sol. Let AB AC x cm, BC 10 cm .
dx
Given that 4 cm/ sec .
dt
Draw AD BC .
2
2 BC 2
In ADB, AD AB x 25
2
1 1
ar(ABC), A BC AD 10 x 2 25
2 2
dA 2x dx
5
dt 2 x 2 25 dt
dA 5x
4
dt x 2 25
dA 20x
dt x 2 25
dA 20 10 200 40
dt at x 10 cm 100 25 5 3 3
dA 40 3 2
cm /sec .
dt at x 10 cm 3
40 3 2
Hence the area is increasing at the rate of cm /sec .
3
26. Solve the following Linear Programming problem graphically.
Maximize : Z 3x 3.5y
Subject to constraints :
x 2y 240,
3x 1.5y 270,
1.5x 2y 310,
x 0, y 0.
Sol. Consider the graph shown below.
x2
27. (a) Find dx.
2
x 4x 5
OR
a x
9
(b) Evaluate f (x) dx, where f (x) .
a 1 9x
x2
Sol. (a) Let I dx
2
x 4x 5
1 (2x 4) 8
I dx
2 x 2 4x 5
1 (2x 4) 8
I dx dx
2 x 2 4x 5 x 2 4x 5
1 (2x 4) 8
I dx dx
2 x 2 4x 5 (x 2)2 9
1
I 2 x 2 4x 5 8log x 2 (x 2) 2 9 c
2
I x 2 4x 5 4log x 2 x 2 4x 5 c .
OR
a a x
9
(b) Let I f (x) dx 1 9 x
dx ...(i)
a a
a
9 a a x
I a a x dx
a 1 9
a a
9 x 1
I a 1 9 x dx a 9x 1 dx ...(ii)
a
9x 1
Adding (i) and (ii), we get 2 I x
x dx
a
1 9 9 1
a
a
2I (1) dx x
a
a
a ( a) I a.
31. (a) Two numbers are selected from first six even natural numbers at random without
replacement. If X denotes the greater of two numbers selected, find the probability distribution
of X.
OR
(b) A fair coin and an unbiased die are tossed. Let A be the event, “Head appears on the coin’
and B be the event, “ 3 comes on the die”. Find whether A and B are independent events or not.
Sol. (a) First six even natural numbers are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.
Total no. of possible ways of selecting 2 numbers out of first 6 even natural numbers 6 C 2 15 .
Since X denotes the greater of the two numbers selected from 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and, 12.
So, values of X : 4, 6, 8, 10, 12.
When X = 4 then, we can select just one more no. form first six even natural numbers, which is 2
(as we can select only 2 nos.). This can be done in 1 C1 way.
When X = 6 then, we can select just one more no. form first six even natural numbers, which is
either 2 or 4 (as we can select only 2 nos.). This can be done in 2 C1 ways.
When X = 8 then, we can select just one more no. form first six even natural numbers, which is
either 2 or 4 or 6 (as we can select only 2 nos.). This can be done in 3 C1 ways.
When X = 10 then, we can select just one more no. form first six even natural numbers, which is
either 2 or 4 or 6 or 8 (as we can select only 2 nos.). This can be done in 4 C1 ways.
When X = 12 then, we can select just one more no. form first six even natural numbers, which is
either 2 or 4 or 6 or 8 or 10 (as we can select only 2 nos.). This can be done in 5 C1 ways.
Therefore, the table for Probability distribution is as follows
X 4 6 8 10 12
1 2 3 4 5
P(X) C1 1 C1 2 C1 3 C1 4 C1 5
15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
Note that, favorable outcomes when X = 4 : (4, 2).
Favorable outcomes when X = 6 : (6, 2), (6, 4).
Favorable outcomes when X = 8 : (8, 2), (8, 4), (8, 6).
Favorable outcomes when X = 10 : (10, 2), (10, 4), (10, 6), (10, 8).
Favorable outcomes when X = 12 : (12, 2), (12, 4), (12, 6), (12, 8), (12, 10).
OR
(b) A {(H,1), (H, 2), (H,3), (H, 4), (H,5), (H, 6)}, B {(H,3), (T,3)}, A B {(H,3)}
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
So, P(A) 6 ;
2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2 6 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
P(B) 2 ; P(A B) .
2 6 2 6 2 6 6 2 6 12
MATHEMATICIA By O.P. GUPTA : A New Approach in Mathematics 25
CBSE 2023 Exams - Maths (041) By O.P. GUPTA (INDIRA Award Winner)
1 1 1
As P(A) P(B) P(A B) .
2 6 12
Hence, the events A and B are independent events.
x 2 y2 x y
35. Find the area of the smaller region bounded by the curves 1 and 1, using
25 16 5 4
integration.
x 2 y2 x y
Sol. Given 1 and 1.
25 16 5 4
It is clear that ellipse and line shall intersect each
other at (5, 0) and (0, 4).
5 5
4 4
Required area 25 x 2 dx (5 x)dx
50 50
5
4 x 25 x 4 5
25 x 2 sin 1 (5 x)2
5 2 2 5 0 10 0
4 25 4
0 0 0 0 25
5 2 2 10
(5 10) Sq.units .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
With regards,
O.P. GUPTA
Author & Math Mentor
Indira Award Winner
The O.P. Gupta Advanced Math Classes
@ Think Academy, Najafgarh
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