Prepared by:

LOZANO, JANE CLAIRE S.

PORLARES, ABEGAIL M.

ROXAS, ANGELICA

BS ACCOUNTANCY 3
What is Popular Music?

The term popular music is extremely vague, covers a wide field of musical
endeavor and ranges over a long period of time. There has been “popular music” ever
since man-made music for his own pleasure. It literally means “music of the populace”
similar to traditional folk music of the past. As it developed in the 20th century, pop
music generally consisted of music for entertainment of large numbers of people,
whether on radio or in live performances.

The Evolution of Popular Music

Late 19th Century:

- The first stirrings of popular or pop music—any genre of music that appeals to
a wide audience or subculture—began in the late 19th century, with discoveries
by Thomas Edison and Emile Berliner. In 1877, Edison discovered that sound
could be reproduced using a strip of tinfoil wrapped around a rotating metal
cylinder. Edison’s phonograph provided ideas and inspiration for Berliner’s
gramophone, which used flat discs to record sound.
- the lax copyright laws that existed in the United States at the beginning of the
century were strengthened, providing an opportunity for composers, singers,
and publishers to work together to earn money by producing as much music as
possible. Numerous publishers began to emerge in an area of New York that
became known as Tin Pan Alley.

The 1940s: Technology Progresses

- Technological advances during the 1940s made it even easier for people to listen
to their favorite music and for artists to record it. The introduction of the reel-to-reel
tape recorder paved the way for several innovations that would transform the music
industry. The first commercially available tape recorders were monophonic,
meaning that they only had one track on which to record sound onto magnetic tape.
- Until this time, music had primarily been recorded for adults, but the popularity of
Sinatra and his contemporaries revealed an entirely untapped market: teenagers.
The postwar boom of the 1930s and early 1940s provided many teenagers
spending money for records. Radio airplay helped to promote and sell records and
the recording artists themselves, which in turn stabilized the recording industry.
The near riots caused by the appearance of New Jersey crooner Frank Sinatra in
concert paved the way for mass hysteria among Elvis Presley and Beatles fans
during the rock and roll era.
The 1950s: The Advent of Rock and Roll

- New technology continued to develop in the 1950s with the introduction of

television. The new medium spread rapidly, primarily because of cheaper mass-
production costs and war-related improvements in technology. In 1948, only 1
percent of America’s households owned a television; by 1953 this figure had risen
to nearly 50 percent, and by 1978 nearly every home in the United States owned
a television (Genova).
- The introduction of television into people’s homes threatened the existence of the
radio industry. The radio industry adapted by focusing on music, joining forces with
the recording industry to survive.
- The main genre during the 1950s was Rock and Roll which originated from country
music as well as blues music. This originated when African Americans started to
move into cities previously largely dominated by white people, and their two styles
of music fused together to form this. The main instrument in rock and roll are
electric guitar, drums, bass, piano, and saxophone.

Pop music in the 1960s: Soul

- Soul music was largely derived from gospel as well as rhythm and blues, which is
why it followed rock and roll music as both are derived from the same previous
genes of music. The instruments were also pretty similar, with drums, basses and
piano, but sometimes also organs. This soul music was very much influenced by
the civil rights movement that was going on in the USA at that time.

Pop music in the 1970s: Disco

- This is decade musical influences also come for the previous decade, for the main
influences in disco came from funk, Latin and soul music. Disco often had a very
structured rhythm in either crotchets or quavers. In this decade, this was when
synthesizers were first invented and used for disco music, along with electric guitar,
the horn section and the string section Disco music saw a huge surge in the middle
of the decade that even non-disco artists would cover disco songs such as Thank
God It's Friday, but fell so quickly hat in 1979 there were even anti-disco protests
and became unfashionable.

Pop music in the 1980s: Electronic and Synthpop

- This was the decade in which electronic music really began to develop because of
the further development of synthesizers. It is used in a variety of different genres
such as that gap between rock and disco and both styles were still popular. This
was fused a lot in the development of MTV. They also used a lot of punk/rock
instruments such as drurms and bass guitarist to give that overall very loud effect.

The 1990s: New Developments in Hip-Hop, Rock, and Pop

- Along with hip-hop and gangsta rap, alternative rock came to the forefront in the
1990s with grunge. The grunge scene emerged in the mid-1980s in the Seattle
area of Washington State. Inspired by hardcore punk and heavy metal, this
 subgenre of rock was so-called because of its messy, sludgy, distorted guitar
sound, the disheveled appearance of its pioneers, and the disaffected nature of the
artists.

The 2000s: Boybands and Pop Stays Strong

- The 2000s began right where the 1990s left off, with young singers such as
Christina Aguilera and Destiny’s Child ruling the pop charts. Pop music stayed
strong throughout the decade with Gwen Stefani, Mariah Carey, Beyoncé, Katy
Perry, and Lady Gaga achieving mainstream success. By the end of the decade,
country artists, like Carrie Underwood and Taylor Swift, transitioned from country
stars to bona fide pop stars.
- Most boy (or girl) bands are formed out of talent managers placing a group of young
singers between groups. Even though this sort of genre existed from the 1990s,
still continue to rage through the 2000s. They mostly target the teen years,
although there has been much controversy as certain groups do not want to be
referred as boy bands. some reasons why they quit. Mostly members of boy bands
just sing and dance, though some can play instruments.

FUNCTIONS OF MUSIC

1. An attempt to imitate the natural sound

2. Release of one’s emotions or feelings (therapeutic)

3. As signals in wars

4. Means of worship and vehicles of rituals

5. Used to accompany dance

6. A form of entertainment in community celebrations

7. Symbols of life's cycle

ELEMENTS OF MUSIC

1. Rhythm - often associated to the terms beat, meter, and tempo, rhythm is the
element of music that situates it in time. It is the pulse of the music. Beat is the
basic unit of music while tempo refers to its speed (beats/second). Beats can be
organized into a recognizable recurrent pattern, which is called the meter.

Classical terms are used to refer to the variations in tempo, some of which are:

• Largo – slowly and broadly

• Andante – walking pace
• Moderato = at moderate speed
 • Allegro – fast
• Vivace – lively
• Accelerando – gradually speeding up
• Rallentado – gradually slowing down
• Rubato – literally “robbed time”, rhythm is played freely for expressive effect.

2. Dynamics - the elements of music that refers to the loudness or quietness of

music is dynamics.

Classical terms are used to refer to the different levels pertaining to this:

• Pianissimo [pp] – very quiet

• Piano [p] – quiet
• Mezzo-piano [mp] – moderately quiet
• Mezzo-forte [mf] – moderately loud
• Forte [f] – loud
• Fortissimo [ff] – very loud When composers indicate an increase

3. Pitch - is an aspect of a sound that we can hear, reflecting whether one musical
sound, note or tone is "higher" or "lower" than another musical sound, note or tone.

Types of pitch:

• Scale- series of different tones which are

arranged at definite fixed distances or intervals
from one another.
• Octave- western music uses a scale of 12
pitches in 7 different tones designated as A, B,
C,D,E,F,G, or la, ti, do, re, mi, fa, sol
• Sharp- mean a tone is to be raised
• Flats- tone to be lowered

4. Melodies - (also called a "tune") is a series of pitches (notes) sounding in

succession (one after the other), often in a rising and falling pattern. Melody refers
to the linear presentation (horizontal).

5. Harmony - refers to the "vertical" sounds of pitches in music, which means pitches
that are played or sung together at the same time to create a chord.

• Dissonance - is the harsh-sounding combination or unpleasant sound

• Consonance - is the smooth sounding combinations or satisfying sound
6. Form - describes how the overall structure or plan of a song or piece of music, and
it describes the layout of a composition as divided into sections.
Sectional Form
1. Binary
2. TernaryForms

7. Timbre - sometimes called "color" or "tone color", is the quality or sound of a voice
or instrument. Timbre is what makes a particular musical sound different from
another, even when they have the same pitch and loudness.

Resonator - any object which amplifies the vibrations

8. Texture - is the overall sound of a piece of music or song. The texture of a piece
or sing is determined by how the melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic materials are
combined in a composition, thus determining the overall nature of the sound in a
piece.
• Monophonic – single melodic line
• Polyphonic – two or more melodic lines
• Homophonic – main melody accompanied by chords

TOP MUSIC GENRES

1. Pop - is derived from the word ‘popular. It is originated in its modern form in the
1950s. Pop music is characterized by catchy melodies, simple chord structures,
and a focus on vocals. Over the years, pop music has evolved and incorporated
elements from a wide range of other genres, including rock, hip hop, electronic
dance music, and R&B

2. Jazz - Identifiable with blues and swing notes, Jazz has origins in European and
West African culture. Originating in the late 19th to early 20th century, Jazz has
played a historical role in empowering female performers, particularly during times
of repression. It is also known for its intricate melodies and harmonies and is often
associated with the idea of “cool” and sophistication.

3. Electronic Dance Music - It includes a wide range of sub-genres, including house,

techno, trance, and dubstep. EDM music is often associated with electronic music
festivals and rave culture, and it is known for its energetic and up -tempo sound. It
 is popular in dance clubs, especially in the form of live DJs, who will mix hundreds
of different tracks in one session.

4. Folk - is a genre deeply intertwined with cultural traditions and storytelling. It

represents the voices of everyday people, capturing the essence of their lives,
struggles, and celebrations. With roots in various cultures across the globe, folk
Music is often characterized by acoustic instruments and lyrics that reflect shared
experiences.

5. Rhythm and Blues (R&B) - Before this, R & B was known as ‘race music,’ a term
that originated in the African American community but was deemed offensive in the
postwar world. Soul and R&B (Rhythm and Blues) Music are the emotional
cornerstones of popular Music, expressing deep feelings with stunning vocal
performances and intricate arrangements. Rooted in gospel and blues traditions,
R&B and soul have evolved into genres that embody love, heartbreak, and
resilience.

6. Country - It is characterized by a focus on storytelling, often featuring lyrics about

rural life and traditional values. Country music often features instruments such as
the guitar, banjo, and fiddle.

7. Rock - Otherwise known as ‘Rock & Roll,’ rock music has been a popular genre
since the early 1950s. It is known for its energetic and powerful sound, and it often
features distorted guitar riffs, driving rhythms, and powerful vocals. Rock songs
often have a verse-chorus-verse structure and often deal with themes of rebellion,
freedom, and individuality. Rock music has a wide range of subgenres, including
classic rock, heavy metal, punk, and alternative rock.

8. Hip-Hop/Rap - has a strong focus on lyrics, with rappers often using their music
as a platform to express their thoughts and opinions on a variety of topics. Hip hop
lyrics often deal with themes such as social justice, politics, and personal
experiences.

9. Reggae. It is characterized by a laid-back, rhythmic sound and positive lyrics.

Reggae often features a heavy emphasis on the use of the guitar, bass, and drums,
and it is often associated with themes of peace, love, and social justice. Reggae
music is often associated with the Rastafarian movement, which originated in
Jamaica in the 1930s and is centered around the belief in the divinity of Emperor
Haile Selassie of Ethiopia. Rastafarian themes of peace, love, and social justice
are often reflected in the lyrics of reggae songs.
 POPULAR MUSIC ARTISTS

1. Elvis Presley
➢ Affectionately known as the ‘King of Rock and Roll,’
Elvis Presley was one of the most charismatic
performers ever to grace the stage. Elvis had 149 songs
reach the Billboard’s Hot 100 Pop Chart in America. Out
of these hits, 114 reached the top forty, 40 reached the
top 10, and 18 reached the number one spot. Elvis’s
number one singles spent over 80 weeks at number
one.
➢ When Elvis wasn’t writing, recording, or performing
songs, he managed to film and star in 31 movies. All in
all, the king released 18 albums and performed almost
1700 live concerts throughout his 20-year career.

2. The Beatles
➢ Between 1962 and 1970, the Beatles released
12 studio albums and toured the world extensively.
Each album can be considered a masterpiece in
its own right. The Beatles are classed as the
world’s best-selling artist of all time, with
approximately 600 million albums sold and 269
certified units.
➢ It can be said that the Beatles changed the
music industry like none of their predecessors and
that they will continue to influence new artists for
many years to come. They are one of the most influential groups in modern
history.

3. Michael Jackson
➢ Often referred to as the ‘King of Pop,’ Michael
Jackson was a global sensation. His iconic dance
moves remain unmatched, as does the reach of
his music. Jackson was easily one of the world’s
most outstanding live performers. The late
superstar stands as one of the most
accomplished artists of all time, with 100 billboard
awards, 13 Grammys, four presidential awards,
and 26 American Music Awards.
➢ His 1982 album Thriller is the best-selling album
of all time, selling over 65 million copies.
 4. Madonna
Madonna, the supposed Queen of Rock, didn't start off
that way. She first got a dance scholarship, but later she
dropped out in order to pursue her ballet dancing dream
with the advice of her coach. She, however, was
sexually attacked in New York but later started singing
when she met with a musician in her dance troupe.
From then on, she got a record deal label with Sire
Records, she released some very successful albums,
but some people thought certain songs were too
inappropriate and it just escalated after a shooting of the
music video for Like A Virgin. Despite all the
controversy, no one can deny her ability to sing, and
some of her best records include Like A Virgin. Like A Prayer and Frozen.

PHILIPPINE POP MUSIC

❖ Spanish and later American colonial regimes created a Philippine society whose
Western social institutions were modeled after their respective societal structures.
While both Spanish and American regimes gave their shares of social and cultural
influences, it was the American regime that established institutions that make up
some of the present structure of modern Philippine society. The creation of such
institutions and the absorption of Philippines into the global political economy
likewise created a need for forms of leisure that was fit for such a society. This
social condition gave rise to the development of Philippine popular music into the
forms that are known today.
❖ While preference for foreign artists prevailed, local artists continued to strive for a
distinct sound that could be referred to as “Filipino”. Conscious efforts to develop
that Filipino sound (Pinoy Sound) came however in the 1970’s with the creation of
Filipino rock music, dubbed as Pinoy Rock, Filipino Jazz or Pinoy Jazz and Filipino
pop ballad or the Manila Sound. Those initial efforts came to a significant
development in the late 70’s to the 80’s with the flourishing of various Filipino pop
styles.
 ❖ It started with the Bobby Gonzales' Hahabol-bahol (Hot pursuit), a local version of
the rock and roll songs of 1950's, and Rico Puno's Luneta, a local adoption of The
Way We Here. This immediately clicked with the youth and eventually gained wide
acceptance even among the "burgis" (elite crowds).

What is Philippine Pop Music?

- also known as opm. The acronym opm stands for original pinoy music which is
a genre under contemporary philippine music it was originally used to refer to
philippine pop songs particularly ballads such as those popular after the
collapse of its predecessors, the manila sound in the late 1970s until the
present.

Some famous OPM songs are:

1. “Anak” by Freddie Aguilar

Anak” is one of the most iconic OPM songs of all time, and for good reason. This ballad,
composed by Freddie Aguilar, tells the story of a parent’s love for their child and the
sacrifices they make to provide for them. The song struck a chord with Filipinos, and
quickly became a national anthem for parents and children alike. It has been covered by
countless artists, and is still a staple in Filipino karaoke bars.

2. Kahit Maputi Na Ang Buhok Ko” by Rey Valera

“Kahit Maputi Na Ang Buhok Ko” is a classic love song that has stood the test of time.
Written and performed by Rey Valera, the song tells the story of a man who promises to
love his partner through thick and thin, even as they both grow old. The song’s simple
melody and heartfelt lyrics have made it a favorite among Filipinos, and a must-play at
weddings and other romantic occasions.

3. Bituing Walang Ningning” by Sharon Cuneta

“Bituing Walang Ningning” is a classic OPM song that has inspired countless Filipinos to
chase their dreams. The song, performed by Sharon Cuneta, tells the story of a young girl
who aspires to become a famous singer, but faces many obstacles along the way. The
song’s catchy tune and relatable message have made it a cultural touchstone for Filipinos,
and it has been referenced in various TV shows, movies, and other media.

4. “Pusong Bato” by Aimee Torres

“Pusong Bato” is a ballad about heartbreak and resilience, performed by Aimee Torres.
The song’s soaring melody and emotive lyrics have made it a favorite among Filipinos
going through tough times in their relationships. It has also been parodied and referenced
in various comedy skits, cementing its place in Filipino pop culture.
5. “Kapayapaan” by Tropical Depression

“Kapayapaan” is a reggae-infused OPM song that speaks to the struggles of the Filipino
people. The song, performed by Tropical Depression, calls for peace and unity in the face
of social and political unrest in the country. Its catchy beat and uplifting lyrics have made
it a favorite among Filipinos who are passionate about social justice and human rights.

6. “Tatsulok” by Bamboo

“Tatsulok” is a socially conscious OPM song that speaks to the struggles of the Filipino
people. The song, performed by Bamboo, calls for justice and equality in a country where
poverty and corruption are rampant. Its powerful message and memorable melody have
made it a favorite among Filipinos who are passionate about social justice and human
rights.

7. "Pare Mahal Mo Raw Ako” by Michael Pangilinan

“Pare Mahal Mo Raw Ako” is a humorous OPM song that pokes fun at the complexities of
male friendships. The song, performed by Michael V., is a parody of the popular love song
“Pare Ko” by Eraserheads, and has become a cult classic among OPM fans. Its catchy
melody and irreverent lyrics have made it a favorite among Filipinos who love to laugh.

Some popular music artists in the Philippines are:

1. Sarah Geronimo

2. Gloc 9

3. Regine Velasquez

4. Ariel Rivera

5. Francis Magalona
Reference:

https://open.lib.umn.edu/mediaandculture/chapter/6-2-the-evolution-of-popular-music/

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/eulogio-amang-rodriguez-institute-of-science-
and-technology/bs-criminology/auditory-art-and-performing-arts/43321042

https://cloudcovermusic.com/blog/top-music-genres

https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-arts-
sca/music/popular-music-in-the-philippines/

https://sulit.ph/25-most-iconic-opm-songs-to-listen-to/