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Final Thesis Draft Jerni
Final Thesis Draft Jerni
UNDERGRADUATED THESIS
Submitted as one of the requirements to obtain
Sarjana Manajemen
By
Jerni Sari Septiani
014201900048
FACULTY OF BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT STUDY PROGRAM
CIKARANG
MARCH 2023
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
APPROVAL SHEET
The Panel of Examiners declare that the thesis entitled THE FACTORS
INFLUENCE ON CONSUMERS PURCHASE INTENTION AND
PURCHASE DECISIONS OF ORGANIC FOOD IN INDONESIA
that was submitted by Jerni Sari Septiani majoring in Management from
the School of Business was assessed and approved to have passed the
Oral Examinations on 7th March 2023.
i
STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY
I also declare that this work, either in whole or in part, has not been submitted to
another university to obtain a degree.
ii
SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATION APPROVAL FOR ACADEMIC
INTEREST
iii
CONSENT FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT
2. The Author retains the right to re-publish the preprint version of the
contribution without charge and subject only to notifying the University of
the intent to do so and to ensuring that the publication by the University is
properly credited and that the relevant copyright notice is repeated verbatim.
3. The Author retains moral and all proprietary rights other than copyright, such
as patent and trademark rights to any process or procedure described in the
contribution.
4. The Author guarantees that the contribution is original, has not been
published previously, is not under consideration of publication elsewhere and
that any necessary permission to quote or reproduce illustrations from another
source has been obtained (a copy of any such permission should be sent with
this form).
iv
5. The Author guarantees that the contribution contains no violation of any
existing copyright or other third – party right or material of an obscene,
indecent, libellous or otherwise unlawful nature and will indemnify the
University against all claims arising from any breach of this warranty.
v
ADVISOR’S APPROVAL FOR PUBLICATION
vi
PLAGIARISM RESULT/TURNITIN
vii
GPTZERO RESULT
viii
ABSTRACT
ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Praise the Lord, first the researcher is grateful for the grace given by Jesus Christ,
because of the opportunity to complete the Thesis entitled “THE FACTORS
INFLUENCE ON CONSUMERS PURCHASE INTENTION AND
PURCHASE DECISIONS OF ORGANIC FOOD IN INDONESIA". In order
to fulfill the preparation of this thesis that is part of the requirements for obtaining
a Bachelor of Science Management at President University. I'd like to express my
heartfelt thanks to President University as my college, both my parents, who always
support me through my ups and down, my lecturers, my boyfriends and all of my
friends. I would like to thank President University for giving me the opportunity to
achieve and obtain my bachelor degree. Therefore, the researcher would like to
express the deepest gratitude to:
1. Mrs. Filda Rahmiati, BBA., MBA., as my thesis advisor. Beside her hectic
schedule, she always response to my confusion while arrange my thesis. Her serious
scientific attitude, rigorous academic spirit, excellent work style, deeply infected
and inspired me. Thankyou deeply for the guidance, encouragement, and patience
given during the thesis process.
2. To my dearest parents, Mamah Papah, who always support me since I was born,
through my ups and downs. And my lil brothers, Manuel and Rido and also my lil
sister Liana thank you for the support, advice, and endless love you have given
throughout the process.
3. Mrs. Grace Amin S.Psi., M.Psi as my mental support, I can't describe with
beautiful words, I'm grateful to meet ma’am Grace.
x
5. To all my friend during my college life Vernas (Vani,Nathasya,Sophia) who
always been there by my side during my university life. Thank you for your help,
support, togetherness, and memories I will never forget.
6. Nency and Intan thank you for being together to get through this final semester
and for being an alarm when I was starting to get lazy to work on my thesis.
Researcher,
xi
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... ix
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................. x
xii
2.1.4 Health Consciousness ........................................................................ 14
xiii
3.2.2 Sampling Technique .......................................................................... 27
xiv
4.5.4 The Influence of Purchase Intention on Purchase Decision of Organic
Food in Indonesia ....................................................................................... 58
REFERENCES............................................................................................. 63
APPENDICIES ................................................................................................ 74
xv
LIST OF TABLES
xvi
LIST OF FIGURES
xvii
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1
Figure 1. 1 Distribution of 2019 National Poisoning Case Reports
Source: BPOM (2019)
Even though the chemicals in pesticides have been shown to have negative effects,
but it is still believed that pesticides could improve and advance farmland.
According to figure 1.1 pesticides used in homes account for most instances of
pesticide poisoning (178 cases), followed by agricultural pesticides (147 cases).
Consuming organic food is one of the solutions. Foods that are cultivated without
the application of chemical pesticides can be called organic foods (Singh & Verma,
2017). Organic foods are perceived as environmentally safe, as chemical pesticides
and fertilizers are not used in their production. They also are not grown from
genetically modified organisms. Furthermore, organic foods are not processed
using irradiation, industrial solvents, or synthetic food additives (Paul & Rana,
2012). Thus, these foods are considered environmentally safe, as they are produced
using ecologically sound methods. Preference for organic food is indicative of a
broader concern for sustainability on the part of consumers (Azzurra et al., 2019).
The worldwide organic food industry is anticipated to be worth roughly USD 497.3
billion by 2030, increasing of 12.06% from 2022 to 2030 (PrecedenceResearch,
2022) see Figure 1.2.
2
Figure 1. 2 Organic Food Market Share
Source : PrecedenceResearch (2022)
Furthermore, sales data for global organic food 2020 show that it will reach $50.1
billion, up 4.6% with a 2% annual growth rate (Organic Trade Association, 2020).
In terms of producing food, organic farming is largely seen as being far more
environmentally friendly. The increased variety of plants and absence of pesticides
improve biodiversity, improve soil quality, and lessen run-off pollution from
fertilizer or pesticides (Varanasi, 2019).
3
Figure 1. 3 The five countries with the most organic food in year 2018
Source: Statistik Pertanian Organik Indonesia (2019)
4
Figure 1. 4 Organic Market in Indonesia
Source: OrganicTradeAssociation (2023)
5
impoverished countries, it is also quite difficult to find a store that sells organic
food. Organic food is still less popular in Indonesia than conventional food
(Humaira & Hudrasyah, 2016).
Currently, one of the causes increasing consumer awareness in the world in an effort
to maintain health is health problems (Effendi et al., 2015). Several illnesses are
brought on by the widespread consumption of unhealthy food. Most people are now
starting to live a healthy lifestyle because they do not want to get sick. A healthy
lifestyle includes a healthy diet. In order to maintain their health, people typically
eat fruits and vegetables, but these days, they also often contain a lot of chemicals
from pesticide and chemical fertilizer residues, which are bad for our health and
can also pollute the environment (Setiawati et al., 2018). According to BPOM, it
accepts at least 13,824 complaints, or 46.90% of all complaints, from the relevant
community regarding the presence of food containing dangerous substances
(Cahyarani, 2018). Short supply in many established and developing economies
since organic cultivation is not practical in every place (PrecedenceResearch,
2022). Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of and paying attention to
environmental condition such as the use of pesticides used in food production.
Other hand organic food is a product that has good quality and health for the body
because process without the use of chemicals or pesticides and free of GMO
(Genetically Modified Organism) compared to conventional food (Hansmann et al.,
2020).
Due to numerous food safety trouble, environmental concerns, a public crisis, and
changes in people's perspectives on life, consumption of organic foods has
significantly increased (Prentice et al., 2019; Teng & Lu, 2016). Grimmer & Miles,
2017; Mishal et al., 2017 suggested that consumers' purchase intentions for green
products may be influenced by their knowledge and perceptions of environmental
issues. Additionally, consumer purchasing power and consumer knowledge are
gradually rising in emerging markets (such as China). In Indonesia, consumers are
starts trying and getting used to with organic food (Manuela et al., 2013), which has
lower environmental effects and is alleged to be free of chemicals and pesticides.
The consumer who wants to purchase organic food should consider the place of
6
purchase, the product’s quality, the quantity being purchased, the time to purchase,
and the amount of money that must be spent for the payment. This decision can be
influenced by marketers by providing information about their product or services
that can inform consumer evaluation process (Hanaysha, 2018).
Furthermore, organic food producers should think about informing their customers
about the environmental and health benefits of eating organic food in order to foster
a more favourable attitude towards it and increase sales of it (Bai et al., 2019).
In contrast to consumers in evolve economies, those in emerging markets tend to
give product quality and health consciousness a consideration when making
purchases decision. Acknowledging how consumers behaviour in relation the
consumption organic food will help researchers and business managers construct
decisions and policies as the market for organic food expands quickly (Kriwy &
Mecking, 2012).
Product perception has significance influence for purchasing decisions and is
thought to influence consumers' intentions to purchase and consume specific food
products (Wojciechowska-Solis & Barska, 2021). Further, making a purchase
decision is a process that the buyer undertakes in order to fulfil their needs and
increase their level of satisfaction (Utami and Genoveva, 2020). Before making a
purchase, a consumer must decide about several factors, one of which is whether
they are willing to satisfy a need. Purchasing decisions are a step in the process until
the consumer actually makes a purchase that may result future contribution called
purchase intention (Maslim & Pasaribu, 2021). This theory believed that consumer
purchase decisions have a positive impact on purchase intentions.
7
As a result, the purpose of this research is to examine the impact health
consciousness, perceived quality, and environmental awareness on purchase
intention towards purchase decisions of organic food in Indonesia. The independent
variables are health consciousness, perceived quality, environmental awareness, for
intervening variable is purchase intention, and the dependent variable is purchase
decisions.
The title of the study “The Factors Influence on Consumers Purchase Intention
and Purchase Decisions of Organic Food in Indonesia”
Although this growing preference for organic food and its association with a healthy
lifestyle is more prevalent in metropolitan areas than in rural or semi-urban areas,
this movement in lifestyle preferences cannot be overlooked. The development of
organic food consumption in Indonesia is still very limited, from the differences in
production and consumption levels, high spending and low consumption are signs
of the problem of affordability in the provinces with the lowest consumption
(Ridwan, 2017).
8
chronic diseases like cancer. Whatever, based on study (Jonathan & Tjokrosaputro,
2022) conducted in Indonesia, it can be concluded that health consciousness has a
significant impact on the intention to purchase organic food.
The step in creating demand for organic food products is consumers' intention to
purchase organic foods. In accordance to (Humaira & Hudrasyah, 2016) the organic
market is typically regarded as one of the fastest expanding segments of the food
industry. Although prices can differ, consumers will buying organic food can cost
as much or more as buying conventional food (Spangler et al., 2012).
On the other hand, consumers' concern for environmental issues is a global issue
that constantly influences their lifestyle to become more environmental
consciousness (Suki, 2013). Further, consumer environmental sustainability in
buying organic food purchase decision is still low (Suharjo et al., 2016). The
majority of farmers (72%) were understanding the risks associated with using
pesticides on conventional food (Ardiwinata & Nursyamsi, 2012). Inappropriate
use of pesticides will be negative not only for health conditions but also for the
environment. This indicates that most people tend to ignore how their purchases
impact the environment. Customers who are concerned about environmental issues
and environmental preservation will try to lessen the environmental impact of their
actions. Because they believe organic food has a lower environmental impact than
conventional food, consumers who care about the environment will purchase more
organic food (Wang et al., 2020).
9
1.2.1 Scope and Limitation
In this study, the researcher will analyze independent variable (Health
Consciousness, Perceived Quality, Environmental Awareness), dependent variable
(Purchase Decision) and intervening variable (Consumer Intention). This research
will use quantitative research. The researcher took a sample of costumer that have
intention to organic food in Indonesia. Furthermore, respondents who do not fulfill
the requirement will be eliminated.
10
The theories, literature, and related previous studies related to researcher
variables that can support this research are the main points of this chapter. All
variables for this research will be focusing on analysing and solving the study issue
in this chapter.
The third chapter discusses research methodology, which includes research
design, sampling plan, operational definition, data gathering design, and last is data
analysis design.
This chapter will demonstrate the answer and more detailed information
generated by the data collected using SMART-PLS. The outcome will indicate to
the researcher whether the study objective was met.
Lastly, chapter five how researcher can conclude and summarized it. This
chapter will consist of implication policy and practices, and suggestions for future
research.
11
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
Customer purchasing decision is the stage of the buyer decision process in which
the customer decides whether or not to purchase the product (Kotler & Armstrong,
2014) consumers' actions in a willingness or unwillingness to purchase an item or
service are known as purchasing decisions (Kotler & Keller, 2006). A purchase
decision is the process by which a buyer meets their needs (Genoveva & Alamodi,
2022). The purchasing decision in this study is in the context of buying organic
food. People who believe in the health benefits, taste, and environmental protection
of organic food and want to improve their lifestyle may indeed be potential organic
food consumers. But food safety, human health, animal welfare, and environmental
concerns are regarded as the most important reasons to purchase organic foods,
12
along with sensory qualities like taste, freshness, and appearance (Doorn &
Verhoef, 2015; Shafie & Rennie, 2012). The organic food industry in Indonesia is
also growing. Awareness of better health has resulted in an increase in domestic
demand for organic food. Selling organic products has significant advantages for
both export sales and domestic consumers who are concerned about their health
(Manaloor et al., 2016). Other factors, such as the limited market availability,
satisfaction with conventional food, and the perception that the benefits of organic
food may not actually higher with conventional food, may deter consumers from
purchasing organic food (Rana & Paul, 2017).
13
Ahmad, 2016). A study by (Shrestha & Baral, 2019) indicated that factors such as
taste, freshness, colour, and this perception of a high nutritional value had a
positively impacted on consumers' intentions to purchase organic foods in evolve
countries.
The indicator of purchase intention buying according to (Prakash et al., 2018) are
including :
1. Willing to buy is the highest price a customer is willing to buy for products and
services in a particular instance (Shaddix, 2021)
2. Make an effort is individual and collective to get a decent one. Assumed to belong
to a single natural kind in that their respective costs can be compared in the process
of decision making (Massin, 2017)
3. Intend to buy buying intent, also referred to as buyer and purchasing intent, refers
to the likelihood, level of willingness, and propensity of buyers to purchase a good
or service within a specific time (Smith, 2021).
14
3. Alert to change
4. Aware of health
5. Responsibility of health
6. Aware of the state
15
2.1.6 Environmental Awareness
The impacts of changes in people's lifestyles that have paid attention to
environmental sustainability. Numerous studies on consumer environmental
awareness has a significant impact on consumers' decisions to buy and consume
organic food (Laureti & Benedetti, 2018). Environmental awareness is a form of
individual thinking that nature should be protected in order to preserve and improve
the quality of human life (Ham et al., 2016).
(Aman et al., 2012; Debora Indriani et al., 2019) as consumers become more
environmentally conscious, their willingness to purchase organic food will increase.
Organic food may be purchased by environmentally conscious consumers (Konuk,
2018). Few studies have shown that consumer attitudes toward environmentally
friendly are positively impacted by environmental awareness, which in turn affects
their willingness to buy (Liu & Zheng, 2019). Recent studies have conducted the
impact of environmental awareness on willingness to purchase organic food
(Cheung & To, 2019; Konuk, 2018; Wang, Pham, et al., 2020).
Because according to (Guilabert & Wood, 2012) consumers value and are
motivated to purchase organic food by factors related to their health and safety,
including fewer pesticides and chemicals, and naturally produced. Few studies have
shown that consumer attitudes towards environmentally friendly are positively
impacted by environmental awareness, which in turn affects their willingness to
buy (Huang et al., 2017). More specifically, it has been assumed that environmental
consciousness significantly influences consumers' intentions to buy a variety of
organic foods. Therefore, the theory of (Liu & Zheng, 2019) stated people usually
regard environmental awareness as a strong motivation for purchase. In addition,
based on (Slamet et al., 2016) environmental awareness has four indicator such as:
1. Low carbon emissions are a key greenhouse gas that drives global climate
change. air pollution and greenhouse gases are often released from the same
sources, cutting greenhouse gas emissions to slow climate change also
reduces air pollutants, such as fine particulate matter (Moses, 2020)
2. Balance and efficient in resource use
16
3. Environmentally friendly packaging is protecting products with materials
safer and healthier for individual and environmental. Packaging can
influence how consumers evaluate products prior to purchase
4. Environmentally friendly cultivation is capacity to sustain intensive and
effective plant production. While there are different production methods,
most of them use a porous substrate or growing material to supply water and
nutrients to the plants (Barrett et al., 2016).
17
have a favourable opinion of organic food, believing it to be more nutritious and
fresher than conventional food (Najib et al., 2020). A positive effect on consumer
interest in purchasing organic food will undoubtedly result from this favourable
perception. Indonesian consumers are more interested in buying organic food
products that have a high quality they can trust. Also (Wang et al., 2020) identified
a direct effect of perceived quality of food certification on purchase intention. Based
on the statement above, the second hypothesis is:
18
Today's world is more attentive of the society when making purchases. Consumers
who have high purchase intentions tend to prefer organic food because it is
considered healthier and of higher quality. The likelihood that a consumer decides
to purchase an organic food can also be used to define intention to purchase (Liang,
2016; Yadav, 2016). However, it is said that a small percentage of consumers
regularly buy organic food. The labeling of organic food plays a significant role in
perception formation, which has an impact on the increasing purchase influence of
organic food consumers (Najib et al., 2022). Due to this, the fourth hypothesis is:
H5: Purchase Intention has significant influence between Health Consciousness and
Purchase Decisions of Organic Food in Indonesia
19
are not durable and that the advantages they offer are no different from those of
non-organic food products (Suharjo et al., 2016). The results of research according
to (Zainal, 2020) show that perceived quality has a significant positive influence on
purchasing decisions for organic food. In addition, consumers who believe organic
foods are safe can also often believe that the overall quality of organic foods is high,
increasing their value perceptions (Lee & Hwang, 2016). Based on the statement
above, the sixth hypothesis is:
H6: Purchase Intention has significant influence between Perceived Quality and
Purchase Decisions of Organic Food in Indonesia
20
Figure 2. 1 Theoretical Framework
Source: Constructed by Researcher, 2023
21
Chinese university Z: Purchasing with an emphasis on the
students behaviour potential impact of moderating
(H. Ali et al., 2021) word of mouth are such as
health awareness, consumer
confidence and personal
attitudes and also this study
findings revealed no
significant impact of students’
attitudes toward organic food
on their purchasing behaviour.
22
Consumers’ Organic X3: have a positive effect to
Products in Aspects of Environmental Purchase Intention of organic
Sustainable Awareness food.
Consumption: The Case Y: Purchase
of the Polish Consumer Intention
(Wojciechowska-Solis Z: Purchase
& Barska, 2021) Decisions
8. Factors influencing the X1: Health This study was result the
Intention to Purchase Consciousness relationship between health
and Actual Purchase Y: Purchase consciousness on purchase
Behavior of Organic Intention intention was positive.
Food
23
(Humaira & Hudrasyah, Z: Purchase
2016) Decisions
24
CHAPTER III
METHODOLGY
If the sample size is small, conducting this study using PLS-SEM is the best option,
but still has to meet the requirements for a minimum sample size (Hair et al., 2014).
With a quantitative approach in this study. The quantitative approach is a method
to get data from research and figure out what it means. It does this by using
statistical equations, quantitative or empirical data from questionnaires, or by
changing existing statistical data and using computer techniques to make changes.
25
3.1.2 Variable Identification
3.1.2.1 Exogenous Variable
In the PLS-SEM model, Exogenous variable is the term used to describe the
independent variable, which is the variable that influences or causes the change in
the dependent variable (Sarwono & Narimawati, 2015). Exogenous variables are
shown as arrows that lead directly from one set of variables to another set of
variables without passing through any other variables. Thereby, the exogenous
variables in this research are health, environmental awareness, perceived quality,
and environmental awareness.
26
3.2.1 Population
The universe of a study is referred to as the population, which is defined as a group
of individuals or objects that share at least one attribute. A population is a group of
people, object, or any other entities from whom samples are gathered for analysis
(Dubey & Kothari, 2022). The population of this research is all people who know
organic food and have an intention to purchase organic food in Indonesia.
27
At the conclusion of a questionnaire, poll, or interview, the data collector may ask
the respondent for the contact information of additional potential respondents.
N = 10 x Q
Source: (Hair et al., 2014)
Where:
N = Sample size
Q = The largest number of questions in a variable
Therefore,
N = 10 x 6 (Q)
N = 60
Based on the formula above, it is concluded that the minimum number of samples
needed for this study is 60 people who have intention in buying organic food in
Indonesia.
28
3.3 Operational Definition
Table 3. 1 Operational Definition
Indicator
Source
Variable Definition Statements
Code Indicators
29
comparison to
their
expectations
(Sivaram et al.,
2019)
30
Purchase Customer PD1 Buy I prefer to buy (Coleman et
Decisions (Z) purchasing environmentally environmentally al., 2011; Ha
decision is the friendly friendly products & Janda,
stage of the products than non -green 2012; Khare,
buyer decision products 2015;
process in PD2 Increase the I would like to Mostafa,
which the purchase/use of increase the 2006;
customer green products purchase/use of Nekmahmud
decides whether green products for & Farkas,
or not to me. 2020).
purchase the PD3 Buy green I buy green products
product. products even if even if they are more
(Kotler & they are more expensive then the
Armstrong, expensive non - green ones.
2014) PD4 Recommend the I would recommend
green products the green products to
my friends and/or
others
Source: Constructed by research 2022
31
3.4.1 Questionnaire
Questionnaires are one of the most widely used means of collecting data and
respondents may be asked to answer questions regarding facts (Rowley, 2014).
(Sugiyono, 2017) stated that there are two types of questionnaires: closed and open.
In this study, a closed questionnaire was used, which was a list of options from
which the respondent could choose and then immediately write their response.
Additionally, the researcher uses a Likert scale to evaluate the questions.
Strongly Disagree 1
Disagree 2
Neutral 3
Agree 4
Strongly Agree 5
32
of descriptive study. In addition, screening questions based on 2 questions first “Do
you know organic food?” second questions are “Do you have the desire to buy
organic food?”. If they meet the requirements, the questions can be continued. The
average respondent's replies to each indication, the lowest and maximum scale of
the responses given, the mean and the standard deviation will be included in the
descriptive analysis. The primary goal of a descriptive research is to describe
someone, a scenario, an organization, or an event as it already exists, such as in
fact-finding studies (Dubey & Kothari, 2022).
This study should assess the consistency of the measurement in order to develop a
good measurement model for PLS-SEM. This study must produce an outer model
fitness measure that meets three criteria: convergent validity, differential validity,
and internal consistency.
33
2017). The outer model is evaluated by comparing all manifest (indicator) variables
to their hidden variables (Sarwono & Narimawati, 2015).
Cross loading factors is the first factors with conceptions are used to examine the
discriminant validity of measurement models using reflecting indicators. In order
for the cross-loading measurement, each indicator's loading on its variable should
be greater than the cross-loading on the opposing construct and each variable's
loading value must be larger than 0.7 (Ghozali & Latan, 2015).
34
average variance extracted of each construct, considering its correlations with all
other constructs in the model. Supported also by (Hidayat, 2018) to ensure
discriminant validity, each latent variable's AVE should be greater than the
combined latent variable's R2.
3.5.3.3 Reliability
Internal Consistency Reliability has 2 measures, the first is Cronbach's Alpha and
the other is Composite reliability. Cronbach's alpha has a minimum value of 0.7 and
an ideal value of 0.8 or 0.9 (Sarwono & Narimawati, 2015). Cronbach's Alpha is
used to compute the highest limit of a build's dependability.
The upper limit of the construct's value is measured using Composite Reliability.
For exploratory research, the minimum value for composite reliability to indicate
that the construct is acceptable is 0.7 (Hair et al., 2021).
The path coefficient test is the default test method for the Boot-Strap software
Smart-PLS, and R-squared is used to calculate the model's estimated predictive
power (Huang et al., 2013). If a path coefficient's value not within of the 95%
confidence range, it is significant at the 5% level. The number of cases should match
the number of valid observations, and the minimum number of bootstrap samples
is 5,000. Hypotheses will be accepted in this study if the statistical T-value
approaches higher 1.96 and the P-value is less than 0.05 or significance level 5%
on each path (Sarwono & Narimawati, 2015).
35
3.5.4.2 R-Square (R2)
The coefficient of determination of the value between constructs in a particular
model is calculated using R2 for endogenous constructs and directional coefficients,
or t-values. As it measures the variance of endogenous models, the R2 is a measure
of the experiment's explanatory capacity. The coefficient represents the total of the
effects of the independent latent variables on the dependent latent variable (Hair et
al., 2017). Higher values of the R2 indicate a greater explanatory power, which goes
from 0 to 1 (Hair et al., 2021).
R2 Value Interpretation
0.75 Substantial
0.50 Moderate
0.25 Weak
36
accord with (Hair et al., 2021) Mediation occurs when a construct known as the
mediator construct intervenes between two other related constructions. The authors
describe three types of mediation:
37
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Filtering Questions
The total participants who are participated in this research are 200 responses,
however, the researcher used the filter to ensure that the population are who. Who
has an interest in buying organic food. As a result, first filtering question been able
to filtered 3 respondents cannot participate the questionnaire and second filtering
question been able to filtered 17 respondents cannot participate the questionnaire,
while the rest with total 180 respondents are able to participated in this research.
Concluded that the criteria were in accordance with the requirements for a minimum
number of samples is 60 respondents.
38
From the table 4.3 below, it can be concluded that the major gender of the
respondents is mostly female which is (55%) than male respondents (45%).
Therefore, female is more interested in organic food.
Second, the age characteristic of the respondents is dominant by the age of 17-22
years old were (51.7%) with 93 respondents, 23-27 years old (11.7%) with 21
respondents, 28-32 years old (22.2%) with 40 respondents and above 32 years old
(14.4%) with 26 participants. As a result, young people with ages between 15-29
years old (Gupta & Gentry, 2018) can have a positive outlook on organic
39
food. According to (Watson, 2015) Recently, it has been stated that young
consumers are moving more health-conscious in their eating habits.
Third, the dominant origin of this research is from Sumatera has (22.8%), Java has
(64.4%), Kalimantan (4.4%), Sulawesi (3.9%), Bali (3.95%), and Papua (0.6%). As
we can see from table 4.5 from the results of the data, the data is spread not evenly
distributed and looks significantly spread over the Java area. Nowadays, according
to (Najib et al., 2020) organic products' potential market covers the big cities in
Indonesia such as Java. This is due to the large population on the island of Java
with a population of 151.29 million people (BPS, 2020).
40
The fourth is information on monthly income. This research divides the income
range into 4 criteria that can be seen on Table 4.6 those who took most portion,
which in the range of <Rp.4.000.000 with (59.4%) monthly income, Rp.4.000.000-
Rp.8.000.000 (22.2%) monthly income, Rp.9.000.000-Rp.13.000.000 (9.4%)
monthly income and last >Rp.13.000.000 (8.9%) monthly income. Respondents
who dominate are respondents with an income of less than 4 million rupiah (lower
middle class) it means consumers in the middle income bracket represent a potential
market because they prioritize making purchases of products that will raise their
standard of living (Najib et al., 2022).
The Fifth is the level of education from the respondents, which are mostly the
respondents is a bachelor (52.2%), senior high school (34.4%), Postgraduate
Degree (7.8%), Diploma (5%) and the last is Doctorate (0.6%). Given the
previously indicated target categories, organic food would be best served by
focusing on bachelors.
41
Student/College 93 51.7
Students
Source: Constructed by researcher, 2023
The last respondent data is the current occupation. As we have seen on the table
above, majority of respondent is student/college students with 93 respondents
(51.7%), followed by civil/private employee, which has 54 respondents (30%).
42
PD2 18 4.017 4.000 1.000 5.000 0.866
PD3 19 3.711 4.000 1.000 5.000 1.051
PD4 20 3.900 4.000 1.000 5.000 0.920
Source: Constructed by researcher, 2023
As we can see from table 4.9 the highest mean of health consciousness variable
(HC5) is 4.367 which correlate with the statement of “I am aware of the state of my
health as I go through the day”. Many respondents agreed with this statement. It
can be concluded that they are aware of their health as go through the day.
Moreover, the highest mean for variable perceived quality (PQ2) is 4.383 which
correlate with the statement of “The organic food foods are healthy”. Many
respondents are agreed with this statement, which means that most of the
respondents are showing positive perception of organic food quality on their health.
Furthermore, variable Environmental Awareness (EA4) showing the highest mean
is 4.478 with the statement of “Environmentally friendly Cultivation is important.”
which means that the respondent agree environmentally friendly cultivation is
important for the environment. In addition, the highest mean for variable Purchase
Intention (PI3) with the highest mean is 4.022 with the statement “I intend to buy
organic products because they are more environmentally friendly”, where most of
the respondents are agreed with the statement, which means that participants are
assumed to care about the environment, so they will have opinions about how food
products affect the environment. Finally, the variable Purchase Decisions (PD2)
with the highest mean value with 4.017 with the statement “I would like to increase
the purchase/use of green products for me.”, which means that the respondents will
purchase more green products, such as organic food.
43
Figure 4. 1 Conceptual Model
44
HC2 0.767
HC3 0.774
HC4 0.875
HC5 0.828
HC6 0.765
PD1 0.801
PD2 0.883
PD3 0.887
PD4 0.828
PI1 0.858
PI2 0.864
PI3 0.843
PQ1 0.776
PQ2 0.798
PQ3 0.809
PQ4 0.842
Source: SmartPLS, constructed by researcher (2023)
The outer loading test indicates that one of 21 indicators are invalid, as the outer
loading value is less than 0.708 which is 0,681. HC1 must be removed from the
model, and the model is then re-estimated. Therefore, the result of outer loading
factor after removal is shown in table 4.10.
45
HC4 0.892
HC5 0.850
HC6 0.774
PD1 0.801
PD2 0.883
PD3 0.887
PD4 0.828
PI1 0.857
PI2 0.864
PI3 0.843
PQ1 0.776
PQ2 0.798
PQ3 0.809
PQ4 0.842
Source: SmartPLS, constructed by researcher (2023)
46
After removing the invalid construct, the outer loading result shows that each
indicator has an outer load value greater than 0.708, indicating that all indicators
are valid.
The Convergent Validity test is used to determine the AVE value. Table 4.12 shows
the AVE results for each variable that outperformed the validity parameter by more
than 0.50.
47
Table 4. 13 Cross Loading Factors
48
Table 4. 14 Variance Inflation Factor (VIF)
VIF Interpretation
EA1 1.818 Valid
EA2 2.273 Valid
EA3 2.161 Valid
EA4 2.179 Valid
HC2 1.752 Valid
HC3 1.759 Valid
HC4 2.808 Valid
HC5 2.361 Valid
HC6 1.779 Valid
PD1 1.754 Valid
PD2 2.727 Valid
PD3 2.789 Valid
PD4 1.961 Valid
PI1 1.839 Valid
PI2 1.941 Valid
PI3 1.686 Valid
PQ1 1.753 Valid
PQ2 2.196 Valid
PQ3 1.913 Valid
PQ4 2.446 Valid
Source: SmartPLS, constructed by researcher (2023)
Since the value VIF each build is less than 5, it may be inferred that they do not
have any collinearity issues. Furthermore, the Fornell-Larcker Criterion is the next
method for evaluating discriminant validity. Both the Fornell-Larcker criterion and
cross-loadings have been employed to assess discriminant validity, but recent
research has found that neither consistently identifies issues with discriminant
validity (Henseler et al., 2015).
49
Table 4. 15 Fornell – Larcker Criterion
As stated on the table the above, it can be inferred that the discriminant is present.
The square root of the construct's average variance extracted must be greater than
the correlation between any constructs (INN, 2020).
4.4.1.3 Reliability
Table 4. 16 Reliability
Environmental Reliable
Awareness 0.856 0.902
50
Purchase Decisions 0.872 0.913 Reliable
Cronbach’s alpha and Composite reliability are two methods for evaluating the
internal consistency reliability. As we can see in Table 4.16, every value has
surpassed 0.7, which means that all variables are considered reliable.
After determining the validity and reliability of all the variables in this research,
which demonstrated that all of the indicators matched all of the criteria for outer
model measurement, it was possible to move on to the inner model analysis.
51
4.4.2.1 Path Coefficient
The table 4.17 shows that 3 variables in this research have a direct significant of
path coefficient and 1 variable insignificant of path coefficient.
52
Table 4. 18 Path Coefficient (Indirect Effects)
T–
P values Interpretation
Path statistics
The table 4.18 shows that 3 variables of this research have an indirect effect
of the path coefficient and 1 variable have no effect of path coefficient.
1. The path coefficient between environmental awareness on purchase
intention as the mediating variable not successfully led to purchase
decisions with the t-statistic value of 1.490 less than t-value 1.96, which
indicated that this construction is significant
2. The path coefficient between health consciousness on purchase intention as
the mediating variable successfully led to purchase decisions with the t-
statistic value of 3.773 more than t-value, which indicated that this
construction is significant
3. The path coefficient between perceived quality on purchase intention as the
mediating variable successfully led to purchase decisions with the t-statistic
value of 3.233 more than t-value, which indicated that this construction is
significant
53
4.4.2.2 Determination of Coefficient (R2)
This coefficient, which is determined as the squared correlation between the actual
and projected values of a specific dependent variable, is a measure of the model's
predictive power.
Table 4. 19 R-square
4.4.3 Hypothesis
In this part, the bootstrapping resampling method accepts a hypothesis if the t-
significance value is 1.90 and the p-value is less than 0.50. The measurement
estimates and standard errors in this method are based on empirical observations as
opposed to statistical hypotheses. The following are seven hypotheses include the
following:
H1: There is significance influence of Health Consciousness on Purchase
Intention of organic food in Indonesia
H2: There is significant influence of Perceived Quality on Purchase Intention of
organic food in Indonesia
H3: There is significant influence of Environmental Awareness on Purchase
Intention of organic food in Indonesia
H4: There is significant influence of Purchase Intention on Purchase Decisions of
organic food in Indonesia
H5: Purchase Intention has significant influence between Health Consciousness and
Purchase Decisions of organic food in Indonesia
H6: Purchase Intention has significant between Perceived Quality and purchase
decisions of organic food in Indonesia
54
H7: Purchase Intention has significant between Environmental Awareness and
purchase decisions of organic food in Indonesia
Based on Table 4.18 and 4.19 above, explained the determination of the accepted
or rejected hypothesis is:
The perceived quality variable on purchase intention has t-statistic value of 3.269
which is greater than 1.96 and p-value 0.001 where smaller than 0.05. Therefore,
the second hypothesis (H2) which indicates that perceived quality has an influence
towards purchase intention of organic food in Indonesia is accepted.
55
by purchase intention are significant and point the same direction, it can be
concluded that the types of mediation is complimentary mediation by purchase
intention.
56
4.5.1 The Influence of Health Consciousness on Purchase Intention of Organic
Food in Indonesia
Hypothesis 1 (H1) testing showed that Health Consciousness (HC) has significant
influence on Purchase Intention (PI). The t-statistic value of 3.741 which is greater
than 1.96, and for the P-value of 0.000 which also support this statement. In
conclusion, the Hypothesis 1 (H1) is accepted.
In line with previous research conducted by (Kutnohorská & Tomšík, 2013). One
of the reasons people give for eating organic food is its benefits to their health.
(Nguyen & Truong, 2021) health concern of organic foods positively influences the
intention to purchase organic foods. Of these, health concern is the most influential
factor. Supported also by previous research conducted by (Iqbal et al., 2021) health
consciousness positively correlated with consumer involvement, which is
positively correlated with consumers’ intentions to purchase organic food.
In summary, the result on this research also shows that consumer of organic food
in Indonesia is important so that consumers understand the importance of their own
health and even that of their families, which can persuade them to buy organic food
products and increase their purchase intention.
Based on (Wojciechowska-Solis & Barska, 2021) quality has a large impact on their
choice of foods and more important than the price. (Wang, Pham, et al., 2020)
additionally clarifies how the relationship between perceived food quality and
purchase intention is moderated. Supported also by (Paul & Rana, 2012) not
only the health factor affects the purchase intention, but also the availability and
quality of
57
these products. To summarize, consumer perception is known as perceived quality,
and it can be used to predict whether a product will be well-liked by customers and
remain on the market for an extended period. On the other hand, if a customer
perceives quality favourably, they will like the product. Based on the results above,
respondents agree that perceptions of the quality of organic food are positive and
have a positive effect on purchase intentions.
This research contradicts with the study by (Ahmed et al., 2021) that environmental
awareness has an influence towards purchase intention. Although synthetic
pesticides cannot be used in organic production, it is still possible to discover these
agrochemicals in the soil and in products that are labelled as organic. These sources
could include other contaminated soils, water, or air (Garcia & Teixeira, 2017).
However, based on (Okada et al., 2019) that the general environmental awareness
has a small impact on purchase intentions. Enterprises must connect accurate and
truthful information that will foster consumer trust and raise their intent to make
purchases if they intend to increase the impact of environmental factors on future
purchase intentions.
58
In this study, purchase intention is positively influenced the probability of a
customer decision that respondents will buy organic food products. Which proves
(Adhimusandi et al., 2020) that is a significant positive effect between purchase
intention on the purchase decision. The same result also comes from (Wee et al.,
2014) purchase intention is positively affect the probability of a customer decision
that consumers will buy organic food products. It is expected that organic food will
increase consumer buying intention in various ways to increase consumer
purchases.
(Iqbal et al., 2021) Knowing the elements that influence customer purchase
intentions for healthy and organic food products is important. Research describes
factors like consumer health consciousness in order to understand their
relationships with consumer intentions towards purchasing healthy and organic
food. Overall health consciousness is a significant predictor of both behavioural
intentions and purchase decisions, according to the analyses' findings (DiPietro et
al., 2016).
59
(Pacho, 2020) which found that product perception is important for purchasing
decisions and is thought to influence consumers' intentions to purchase and
consume food products. Price is not as essential as product quality and benefits from
consumption organic food (Wojciechowska-Solis & Barska, 2021). Moreover, it is
supported by (Batjo & Disman, 2022) has shown that the influence of perceived
quality on purchasing decisions is significant.
(Nekmahmud & Farkas, 2020) prove that environmental awareness has a positive
impact on ecological purchasing decisions on green foods. (Nguyen & Truong,
2021) the desire to purchase organic foods is favourably influenced by
environmental awareness and concern. The ability to purchase organic foods is
positively impacted by environmental factors such as the fertility of the soil, air,
and other plants. (Ritchie, 2017) the main reason for the issue is that people not
only want to preserve the environmental concern. People priorities actions among
competing objectives when making decisions. Additionally, there are numerous
factors influencing environmental decisions. The effects are frequently subliminal.
This result does not show that environmental awareness influences customer
purchase intention by leading to the desire to make a purchase decision.
60
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
The purpose of this research is to analysis The Factors Influence of Health
Consciousness, Perceived Quality and Environmental Awareness, on Purchase
Intention and Consumers Purchase Decisions of Organic Food in Indonesia. The
scope and limitations that were discussed in the previous chapter were used in
conjunction with the data analysis results from this study. Researchers can draw the
following conclusions based on their findings:
1. There is a significant direct influence between the health consciousness variable
towards purchase intention of organic food in Indonesia
2. There is a significant direct influence between the perceived quality variable
towards purchase intention of organic food in Indonesia
3. There is a no significant direct influence between the environmental awareness
variable towards purchase intention of organic food in Indonesia
4. There is a significant direct influence between the purchase intention variable
towards purchase intention of organic food in Indonesia
5. Purchase intention has significant influence between health consciousness and
purchase decisions of organic food in Indonesia
6. Purchase intention has significant influence between perceived quality and
purchase decisions of organic food in Indonesia
7. Purchase intention has not significant influence between environmental
awareness and purchase decisions of organic food in Indonesia.
5.2 Recommendation
5.2.1 For Government
This study reveals that the food industry important for the economy of a country,
especially Indonesia. Especially now, when the organic food industry continues to
grow and is in demand by consumers. However, awareness of health and the
environment is still very weak. As a result, government participation is needed in
accelerating national economy and encourage farmers to grow organic crops more
than conventional methods. The findings of this study are expected to provide
61
counselling that is more evenly distributed in the territory of Indonesia, the level of
awareness of health and concern for the environment can be further increased
among consumers. The furthermore the government expected more focuses on
motivating and telling customers about the goodness of the product and strict to
farmers who use chemicals that are harmful to health and the environment.
62
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APPENDICIES
APPENDIX 1
QUESTIONNAIRE – BAHASA & ENGLISH VERSION
Nama saya Jerni Sari Septiani. Saya kuliah di President University jurusan
Manajemen dan mengambil konsentrasi Bisnis Internasional. Perkenankan saya
untuk meminta kesediaan Anda untuk berpartisipasi dalam mengisi dan menjawab
semua pertanyaan dalam kuesioner ini. Apabila kamu berniat untuk membeli
makanan organik dan tinggal di Indonesia bisa mengisi survey ini. Ini mungkin
memakan waktu sekitar 5-10 menit dari waktu Anda. Penelitian ini digunakan
untuk menyusun skripsi dengan judul “THE FACTORS INFLUENCE ON
CONSUMERS PURCHASE INTENTION AND PURCHASE DECISIONS
OF ORGANIC FOOD IN INDONESIA" Saya ingin menekankan bahwa data
dan informasi yang dikumpulkan dalam survei ini dikumpulkan dan diperlakukan
secara anonim. Tujuan dari survei ini bukan untuk menilai jawaban, tetapi untuk
sekadar menangkap koneksi. Oleh karena itu, saya ingin meminta Anda untuk
menjawab dengan jujur dan menyatakan pendapat Anda yang sebenarnya mengenai
pertanyaan yang diajukan. Terima kasih atas bantuan Anda sebelumnya!
Dear respondents
74
I would like to emphasize that the data and information collected in this survey are
gathered and treated anonymously. The aim of this survey is not to assess or judge
answers, but to simply capture connections. Therefore, I would like to ask you to
respond honestly and state your true opinions regarding the questions asked.
Screening Questions
Do you know organic food? (Apakah kamu tahu tentang makanan organik?)
Yes (Iya)
No (Tidak)
Do you have the desire to buy organic food? (Apakah kamu mempunyai keinginan
untuk membeli makanan organik?)
Yes
No
a) Female (Perempuan)
b) Man (Laki-Laki)
2. Age (Umur)
75
a) Sumatera
b) Jawa
c) Kalimantan
d) Sulawesi
e) Bali
f) Papua
4. How much is your monthly current income? (Berapa penghasilan bulanan Anda
saat ini?)
< Rp4.000.000
Rp4.000.000 - Rp8.000.000
Rp9.000.000 - Rp13.000.000
> Rp13.000.000
Bachelor (Sarjana)
Doctorate (Doktor)
Entrepreneur (Pengusaha)
76
Please answer the statements below by selecting the scale the best suits you
Silahkan menjawab pernyataan dibawah ini dengan memilih skala yang paling
sesuai dengan anda
Scale 1: Strongly Disagree (Sangat Tidak Setuju)
Scale 2: Disagree (Tidak Setuju)
Scale 3: Neutral (Netral)
Scale 4: Agree (Setuju)
Scale 5: Strongly Agree (Sangat Setuju)
NO Health Consciousness 1 2 3 4 5
1 I reflect about my health
77
6 I am aware of the state of my health as
I go through the day
Please answer the statements below by selecting the scale the best suits you
Silahkan menjawab pernyataan dibawah ini dengan memilih skala yang paling
sesuai dengan anda
Scale 1: Strongly Disagree (Sangat Tidak Setuju)
Scale 2: Disagree (Tidak Setuju)
Scale 3: Neutral (Netral)
Scale 4: Agree (Setuju)
Scale 5: Strongly Agree (Sangat Setuju)
NO Perceived Quality 1 2 3 4 5
1. The organic foods visual is
attractive
(Visual makanan organik
menarik)
78
4. The organic foods are fresh
(Makanan organik segar)
Please answer the statements below by selecting the scale the best suits you
Silahkan menjawab pernyataan dibawah ini dengan memilih skala yang paling
sesuai dengan anda
Scale 1: Strongly Disagree (Sangat Tidak Setuju)
Scale 2: Disagree (Tidak Setuju)
Scale 3: Neutral (Netral)
Scale 4: Agree (Setuju)
Scale 5: Strongly Agree (Sangat Setuju)
NO Environmental 1 2 3 4 5
awareness
79
2. Balance and efficient in
resources use is important
Keseimbangan dan
efisiensi dalam
penggunaan sumber daya
adalah penting
3. Environmentally friendly
packaging is important
Kemasan ramah
lingkungan itu penting
4. Environmentally friendly
cultivation is important
Budidaya ramah
lingkungan itu penting
Please answer the statements below by selecting the scale the best suits you
Silahkan menjawab pernyataan dibawah ini dengan memilih skala yang paling
sesuai dengan anda
Scale 1: Strongly Disagree (Sangat Tidak Setuju)
Scale 2: Disagree (Tidak Setuju)
Scale 3: Neutral (Netral)
Scale 4: Agree (Setuju)
Scale 5: Strongly Agree (Sangat Setuju)
NO Purchase Intention 1 2 3 4 5
80
1. I am willing to buy
organic food while
shopping
Saya bersedia membeli
makanan organik saat
berbelanja
Please answer the statements below by selecting the scale the best suits you
Silahkan menjawab pernyataan dibawah ini dengan memilih skala yang paling
sesuai dengan anda
Scale 1: Strongly Disagree (Sangat Tidak Setuju)
81
Scale 2: Disagree (Tidak Setuju)
Scale 3: Neutral (Netral)
Scale 4: Agree (Setuju)
Scale 5: Strongly Agree (Sangat Setuju)
No Purchase Decisions 1 2 3 4 5
1. I prefer to buy
environmentally friendly
products than non -green
products
(Saya lebih suka membeli
lingkungan produk ramah
daripada non-hijau
produk)
82
4. I would recommend the
green products to my
friends and/or others
(Saya akan
merekomendasikan hijau
produk ke teman saya
dan/atau
yang lain)
83
APPENDIX 2
PLS ANALYSIS RESULT
Convergent Validity
Discriminant Validity
84
85
Reliability
Direct Effect
Indirect Effect
86
APPENDIX 3
QUESTIONNAIRE RESPONSES
H H H H H H P P P P E E E E P P P P P P P
C C C C C C Q Q Q Q A A A A I I I D D D D
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1
4 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 4
3 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3
5 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4
4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4
3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 5 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3
5 4 4 4 4 4 1 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
4 2 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 3 5
1 4 1 2 3 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 5 2 1 3 5 2 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4
5 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4
4 4 5 4 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 4 4 4 3 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 5 4 2 3 3 4 2 5
4 4 4 5 5 4 3 4 4 5 3 4 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
3 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 4 4
3 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5
3 4 4 5 5 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 3 4 4 3
4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 5 3 4 5 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4
3 4 3 3 4 4 2 5 3 4 4 5 5 5 3 4 3 3 3 2 2
5 4 4 5 4 5 3 4 2 3 3 3 5 4 3 3 5 3 3 2 3
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 3 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 3 3
4 5 4 4 4 5 3 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
87
3 5 5 5 5 3 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 3 3 4 2 3 4 4 4 3 2 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 3 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 2 4 4 2 3
1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5 3 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 2 5 3 3 2 3 2 2 2
5 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1
5 5 4 3 3 4 4 5 3 3 5 5 5 5 4 2 4 3 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 3 4
4 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 4 4 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 2 5 5 5
3 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 3
5 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 4
5 5 3 4 5 5 3 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 3 4 2 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 3
3 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 5
4 4 4 2 4 4 3 5 3 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 2 4 3 2 3
4 5 5 3 5 5 4 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 4 4 4 3 4 4 4
3 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 5 5 3 3 3 4 4 3
5 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3
4 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 3 3 5 5 4 3 4 3 3 3 3
5 4 4 4 5 4 3 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3
5 5 5 4 5 5 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 5 3 4 4 5 2 3 3 4 5 4 3 4 4 1 4 3 5 5 3
5 5 4 5 5 5 3 5 3 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 3
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 3 2 3 4 4 4 4
4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4
3 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 3 5 3 4 5 5 4 3 3 3 4 3 3
3 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
5 5 4 5 5 4 3 5 4 5 3 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 2 4 5 4 5 5 3 4 4 3 4 3 4
4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 2 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4
5 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 4 5 4 5 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 5 5 4 3 4 4 4 4 5
5 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 3 4
4 4 3 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 2 5 3 3 2 4
88
4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 2 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 3 4 3 2
4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 4
4 4 5 5 5 5 2 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 3 4 4 3
4 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 5 5 4 5 4 3 4 2 3 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 3 2 4
4 5 5 4 5 4 3 4 2 3 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 3 2 4
5 5 4 4 5 5 3 4 2 4 3 5 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 3
5 5 5 5 5 5 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 3
3 3 4 4 5 3 3 4 3 4 3 5 5 5 3 3 4 3 3 2 4
4 3 4 4 5 4 1 4 2 3 4 5 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 3
4 3 4 3 5 4 3 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 4 3 4 4 3
4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4
4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 3 4 4 4
5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 4 3 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 3 3 4
3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 3 5 5 3 3
4 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2
5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 3 4
3 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 4 5 5 3 3 3 3 4 3 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 3 3 4 4 4 3 2
4 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4
4 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5
4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4
4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4
1 5 1 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5
5 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 5
4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 2 5 1 5 5 5 5 5 4 3 5 4 4 3 3
3 3 4 3 3 3 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 3 4 4 3 3
3 4 3 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 3 3
4 4 4 3 5 4 5 5 4 5 3 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 5 4 4
4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4 5
89
4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 4
3 4 3 3 3 4 2 3 3 5 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 2
3 5 2 3 5 4 3 4 2 3 3 4 5 4 3 3 4 4 3 1 3
4 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 4
4 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 4 4 4 4 5 3 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 3 3 4 2 3 4 5
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 3 4 4 3 5 5 4 3 4 4 3 5 4
5 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 3
4 4 5 5 5 4 2 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 2 4 4 4
5 5 4 5 4 5 2 5 1 5 4 5 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4
5 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 4
5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 3 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 2 4 5 5 1 4 5 5 2 5 4 1 1
2 3 4 4 5 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 4
3 3 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 4 4 3 3 4
3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 3
5 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4
3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 5
5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5
5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 2 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4
3 4 4 3 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 2 3 2 4 2 2
5 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5
4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 4
5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5
4 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 5
4 4 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 5
5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
5 5 5 1 1 1 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
5 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5
5 5 5 4 4 5 2 5 2 5 4 5 5 5 4 2 4 4 5 4 5
1 5 2 3 3 2 1 5 3 5 1 4 2 5 1 4 2 1 5 3 4
4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 5
3 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 2 3 4 3 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 3
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
90
4 4 2 3 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4 4 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 2 4 4 5 4 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 4 4 4
5 5 5 4 5 4 2 5 2 5 5 5 4 5 2 2 5 4 2 2 5
4 5 3 5 5 4 5 5 3 4 4 4 5 5 3 4 4 2 4 3 3
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 3 4 4 5 5 4
4 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 4 5 4 5
4 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4
4 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 4
4 5 4 4 5 4 3 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 3 4 5 3 4 5 4
5 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 3 4 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 5 3 3 3 3 3 2 3
5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 4 5 5 4
4 4 4 4 4 4 3 5 4 4 3 4 4 5 4 4 4 3 3 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 5 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
91