PALAYAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

ATATE, PALAYAN CITY

THE EFFECTS OF USING BONE MEAL IN THE GROWTH OF PLANTS

ANDREW G. ZAFRA
RESEARCH

VERGIE ALAY-AY NUEDA

RESEARCH TEACHER
 INTRODUCTION

Bone meal, a by-product of the meat industry, is often used as an organic fertilizer
due to its high phosphorus content. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for plants
and plays an important role in various biological processes such as energy transfer
and photosynthesis.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of bone meal on plant growth,
assuming that the use of bone meal promotes plant growth due to its nutrient-rich
composition. The research involves a series of experiments in which plants are
grown under controlled conditions where varying amounts of bone meal are added
to the soil.
The results of this research could have important implications for sustainable
agriculture. If bone meal proves useful for plant growth, it could provide an
ecological alternative to synthetic fertilizers, reducing the carbon footprint of the
agricultural industry.
In addition, the use of bone meal could also contribute to reducing the amount of
waste in the meat industry, which is beneficial both for the environment and the
economy.
However, it is important to note that while bone meal is high in phosphorus, it is
lacking in other important nutrients such as nitrogen and potassium. Therefore,
the study also examines whether the benefit of phosphorus contained in bone meal
is greater than the lack of other nutrients.

The importance of sustainable growth practices in agricultural science cannot be

overstated. This study examines the effectiveness of bone meal as an organic
fertilizer and its impact on plant development. Made from crushed animal bones,
bone meal is rich in phosphorus, calcium, and nitrogen, vital nutrients for plant
health.

While bone meal has a long history as a soil amendment, its scientific validation
remains a topic of interest today. This research seeks to evaluate how bone meal
affects different aspects of plant growth, such as root growth, flowering time, and
overall biomass. By performing experiments across various plant species, this
study will provide data to either support or challenge the idea that bone meal is a
powerful natural substitute for chemical fertilizers.

Additionally, this investigation will look into how bone meal interacts with soil
microorganisms and its influence on the soil ecosystem. The potential for bone
meal to enhance soil structure and microbial activity could offer valuable insights
into the benefits of organic fertilizers.
Finally, this study provides valuable information about the use of bone meal as an
organic fertilizer and its effect on plant growth. The findings could potentially pave
the way for more sustainable agricultural practices and promote a greener future.
This introduction provides a brief overview of the study.
Given the environmental issues linked to synthetic fertilizers, like eutrophication
and soil degradation, this research goes beyond just agricultural productivity. It
raises
Concerns about environmental sustainability and food security. Through
understanding the role of bone meal in plant growth, this study aims to promote
eco-friendly farming methods that cater to a growing global population while
safeguarding our natural resources.

According to according to cielomae althea cucio, divine zcharelle agudelo, emanuela

de rueda, kenny michaela xaula caspillo, juliana jane dela cruz, jhonas bagan,
johnzel callanga, delmar castro, mikki martin agapito, and calvin john de guzman
from general de jesus college (2023),
The study aims to provide a low-cost yet efficient fertilizer that will not affect the
plant or the environment.
Bone meal fertilizer was found to be more beneficial than inorganic fertilizer or
chemical fertilizer, with higher levels of respondents using it than organic fertilizer
or compost to maximize crop yield on a specific piece of land. B. Bone meal
fertilizers are lacking some nutrients that other fertilizers have but make up for it
in terms of affordability and sustainability. C. The study results show that bone
meal fertilizer is a successful and long-lasting way to encourage plant development
and improve soil fertility. D. High phosphorus and calcium levels stimulate root
growth, enhance flowering and fruiting, and fortify plant structure. E-bone meal
fertilizer serves as a slow-release nutrient source, giving plants long-term
advantages while lowering the chance of nutrient runoff and environmental
damage. F-bone meal fertilizer can optimize crop yields and ensure healthy plant
growth. - its organic nature makes it a recommended option for organic farmers
and gardeners looking for a natural and environmentally beneficial solution.
Bone meal, a form of bone meal, has important features for increasing soil
physiochemical parameters. Although there were no significant impacts on nitrate,
bulk density, porosity, ph, or electrical conductivity, bone meal treatment
dramatically improved organic matter content and water retention capacity in an
Icelandic sandy loam soil, said Wilhemina Asare (2019)
A pot experiment on pelargonium graveolens aerial parts revealed that bone meal
(bm) can be a valuable soil amendment to improve crop productivity. The study
found that bm treatments significantly improved yield, growth, and photosynthetic
pigments in the aerial parts of p. Graveolens. Higher doses of bm increased soil ph,
electrical conductivity, and other mineral elements, while decreasing zinc, copper,
lead, and manganese concentrations. The study suggests that bone meal can be an
eco-friendly, inexpensive, and effective soil amendment. Ibrahim Atemni, Kaoutar
Hjouji, Azeddin el Barnossi, Ayoub Ainane, Tarik Ainane, Mustapha Taleb & Zakia
Rais (2023). Tiare Silvasy,Amjad a. Ahmad,koon-hui wan and Theodore j. K.
Radovich (2021) results show that mbm application at preplant and split
application rates increased sweet corn growth, yield, and leaf chlorophyll content.
In split applications, nitrate-nitrogen losses were reduced, suggesting MBM is an
effective nitrogen source for sweet corn and reducing pollution potential.
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Bone Meal Fertilizer Bone meal fertilizer is prepared by steaming animal bones and
grinding them into a fine powder or granules before applying them to plants or
crops. It is a natural and organic fertilizer that has several benefits for plants.

BENEFITS OF BONE MEAL:

1. RICH IN CALCIUM and PHOSPHORUS

-Bone meal contains vital minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.
Calcium keeps your plants' cell walls strong and healthy, promoting solid
development. Phosphorus is essential for photosynthesis, root, flower, and
seed formation, energy transfer within plants, and other key processes.

2. INCREASED NUTRIENTS ABSORPTION

-Bone meal promotes nutrient absorption by gradually breaking down and
releasing nutrients over time. This slow-release technique ensures that the
plants have a consistent and continuous supply of nutrients.

3. IMPROVED ROOT DEVLOPMENT

-Bone meal's elevated phosphorus concentration promotes root growth by
stimulating the production of new roots and strengthening those that
already exist.
4. ENHANCED FLOWER AND FRUIT PRODUCTION
-The phosphorus in bone meal enhances the production of flowers and
fruits. Drawbacks of Bone Meal Fertilizer While there are numerous
compelling justifications to use bone meal as fertilizer, there are also some
concerns to consider.

The study would most likely delve exploring these issues in depth, studying how
bone meal affects different species of plants under diverse situations. It could
provide useful insights into agriculture and horticulture, potentially leading to
more productive and sustainable farming practices.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

this study aims the good effects to the plants using bone meal and to answer these
following question:

 DOES THE BONE MEAL REALLY ENHANCE THE PLANT GROWTH DESPITE
ITS LACK OF NUTRIENTS?
 WHAT IS/ARE THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF BONE MEAL TO THE PLANTS?
 IS THERE ANY OTHER EFFECTS WHEN APPLYING BONE MEAL IN THE
PLANTS?
 DOES IT OUTWEIGH THE POTENTIAL OF ITS LACKS OF NUTRIENTS?
HYPOTHESIS

Ha1: There is a good effect of a Bone Meal in the Growth and Development of plants
Ho1.1: There is a bad effect of a Bone Meal in the Growth and Development of
plants.
Ha2: Bone Meal is useful in the Growth of plants.
Ho2.1: Bone Meal is useless in the Growth of plants.

SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
This study helps the…
 Sustainable Agriculture: The research could provide valuable insights into
the use of bone meal as an organic fertilizer, potentially paving the way for
more sustainable farming practices. If bone meal proves beneficial for plant
growth, it could serve as an environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic
fertilizers, thereby reducing the agricultural sector’s carbon footprint.
 Waste Management: Bone meal is a by-product of the meat processing
industry. Utilizing it as a fertilizer could contribute to waste reduction,
presenting a win-win situation for both the environment and the economy.
 Food Security: Enhanced plant growth could lead to increased crop yields,
contributing to food security. This is particularly significant given the
growing global population and the increasing demand for food.
 Scientific Knowledge: The study could add to the scientific understanding of
plant nutrition and the role of different nutrients in plant growth. It could
also shed light on the potential benefits and drawbacks of using bone meal
as a fertilizer.
 Policy Implications: The findings of this research could inform agricultural
policies and practices, promoting the use of sustainable and organic farming
methods.

The research explores the use of bone meal as an organic fertilizer in sustainable
agriculture, reducing the agricultural sector's carbon footprint. It also explores
waste management and food security, as enhanced plant growth could lead to
increased crop yields. The study contributes to scientific knowledge on plant
nutrition and could inform agricultural policies, promoting sustainable and organic
farming methods.

SCOPES AND LIMITATION

This study focuses the growth, development and effects of the plants using Bone
Meal; made from crushed bones of chicken, cow or pig. It needs the bone to make
an experiment to the plants and will be conduct by researcher Andrew G. Zafra in
the 3 different types of plants. These are the followings of Scopes and Limitations:
SCOPES:

1. Plant species: The study may include several plant species to understand the
broad effects of bone meal. This can include flowering plants, fruit plants
and vegetables.
2. Growth stages: research can examine the effect of bone meal on different
stages of plant growth from seed germination to maturity.
3. Measurement parameters: various parameters such as plant height, number
of leaves, root length, flower and fruit production and general plant health
could be measured in the study.
4. Comparative Analysis: The study can compare the effects of bone meal with
other types of fertilizers or with plants that do not receive additional
fertilizer.

LIMITATIONS:

1. Controlling External Factors: While research can control the use of bone
meal, it can be difficult to control other factors such as sunlight,
temperature and water, which also greatly affect plant growth.
2. Time Frame: The study may have a time limit because it may take a long
time to observe the entire life cycle of a plant.
3. Resource Limitations: Resources may have limitations such as the
availability of different types of plants, the amount of bone meal, and where
the plants are grown.
4. General: Research results may not apply to all plants or growing conditions.

METHODOLOGY

This section involves the needs and procedures to make an bone meal.

Preparations:

 Bones ( any amount you desire)

 Mortar and Pestle
 Water
 Pot with lid

Procedures:

1) Save bones until you have the desired amount you needed.
2) Sterilize the bones by boiling them in 4 hours or more.
3) When the sterilize is completed, remove from the pot and remove any fats and
meat tissues in the bones
4) Place the bones in the dehydrator tray and dehydrate it on high settings (160
Fahrenheit).
5) Crush it using Mortar and Pestle.
6) Ready to use and observe

REFERENCES

Cielomae Althea Cucio, Divine Zcharelle Agudelo, Emanuela de Rueda, Kenny

Michaela Xaula Caspillo, Juliana Jane dela Cruz, Jhonas Bagan, Johnzel Callanga,
Delmar Castro, Mikki Martin Agapito, and Calvin John de Guzman (2023-8-11) The
Production of Bone Meal for Plant Growth and Development A Research Index
https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/12467

Asare W. (2019) EFFECTS OF BONE MEAL ON PHYSIOCHEMICAL SOIL

PROPERTIES OF A FERTILIZED RECLAMATION SITE IN ICELAND Grocentre
https://www.grocentre.is/static/gro/publication/736/document/asare2019.pdf

Nogalska A., Załuszniewska A. (2021-11-15) The Effect of Meat and Bone Meal
(MBM) on Crop Yields, Nitrogen Content and Uptake, and Soil Mineral Nitrogen
Balance MDPI https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/11/2307

Ibrahim Atemni, Kaoutar Hjouji, Azeddin El Barnossi, Ayoub Ainane, Tarik Ainane,
Mustapha Taleb & Zakia Rais (2023-10-16) Effect of Bone Meal Application on Soil
Properties, Heavy Metal Accumulation, and Agronomic Traits of Pelargonium
graveolens SPRINGER LINK https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42729-
023-01512-z

Tiare Silvasy,Amjad A. Ahmad,Koon-Hui Wan and Theodore J. K. Radovich (2021-

9-28) Rate and Timing of Meat and Bone Meal Applications Influence Growth, Yield,
and Soil Water Nitrate Concentrations in Sweet Corn Production MDPI
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/10/1945