Lecture 1 - OSH
Lecture 1 - OSH
CPA 703
by Mohd Reza Esa
Lecture 1
Safety and Health Management
Page 1
LectureOutline
1. Introduction
2. Legislation
5. Government Initiatives
▪ Health and Safety Master Plan 2005 - 2010
▪ Construction Industry Standard CIS 10: 2018 – Safety & Health Assessment System in Construction
(SHASSIC)
▪ Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP) 2016-2020
▪ OSHCIM
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.:Introduction:.
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Common Perception
Construction industry is a ……………………..
All worksites
are the same
not only work on different
Injuries & deaths sites differs from each
could happen other but work on the
anytime & part of same site is also changing
the construction daily
process
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• Each day, an average of 5,000 people globally die as a result of
work-related accidents or diseases.
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Overview
• Worldwide, construction is one of the most hazardous industries due to its unique
nature as the activities are performed at outdoor under conditions not conducive
for safety and health.
• Workers at the construction sites have to face constant changes in the nature of
work, the location of work and work with new workers. Most of the people tend to
relate construction industry to high risk working environment as compared to the
others.
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“The construction industry is an important sector of any national
economy, especially regarding its employment potential. But accidents,
incidents, injuries and fatalities continue to occur unabated on
construction sites around the world at consistently high rates”.
(Hinze,1997)
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Scenario in Malaysia
• In 2014, the fatality rate was 7.26 per 100,000 workers, in 2015 (10.74), in
2016 (12.78) and in 2017 (14.94) as compared to industrialized nations such
as Japan, Canada and Australia, which reported an average of 3 fatalities.
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Year 2021 As of Sept 2022
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Acts
Factories and Machinery Act 139 (1967) Occupational Safety and Health Act 514
(Revised – 1974) (1994)
Factories and Machinery Act
(Amendment) 2006 • This Act provides legislative framework to
promote, stimulate and encourage high
standards of safety and health at work.
• The Act provides a technical requirement,
• Aim to promote safety and health
which is to be implemented at the
awareness, and establish effective safety and
construction site
health management and performance
• Designated/ competent person must through self-regulation to create health and
supervise, which required special safety culture on all employers and
knowledge. Safety supervisors are required employees
to be appointed to ensure compliance of
safety regulation besides forming a safety
committee
These acts are regulated by Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH).
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Principles of OSHA
Main principles that had been taken as the foundation in the drafting of this Act.
1. Self-regulation
To handle issues relating to occupational safety and health, employers must develop a good and
orderly management system. Starting with formation of a safety and health policy and
consequently employers have to make the proper arrangements to be carried out.
3. Co-operation
where employers and employees must co-operate to take care, nurture and to increase the quality
of occupational safety and health at the workplace.
Without co-operation between employers and employees, none of the occupational safety and
health programmes carried out would succeed.
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Objectives of OSHA
The OSH Act requires consultation between employers and employees in the
workplace. Consultation promotes:-
▪ Open communication
▪ Co-operation
▪ Access a wide range of knowledge and experience held by employees and
employers
▪ Speedy resolution of issues and disputes
▪ Active and informed participation by employees in the management of workplace
safety and health
▪ Shared ownership of S & H goals
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DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS & SELF-
DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS & SELF-
EMPLOYED PERSONS TO OTHER
EMPLOYED PERSONS TO EMPLOYEES
PERSONS (NON-EMPLOYEES)
• Safe plant and systems of work
• Ensure he and others are not
• Safe use, storage and handling of plant
exposed to OSH risks.
and substances
• Information, instruction, training and
supervision • Give others OSH information, as
prescribed.
• Safe place of work
• Safe access and egress
• Written general OSH policy.
• Not to charge employees for things done
or provided
• Employer to report accidents, dangerous
occurrences, occupational poisonings or
diseases to DOSH
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DUTIES OF EMPLOYEES
• HEAD PROTECTION
– Safety hats/ caps
• EYE AND FACE PROTECTION
– Dust & impact goggles & spectacles
• Reasonable care of self and others – Welding goggles & mask
• Cooperate to help others discharge • RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
– Dust & half mask
their duties – Filter cartridge masks
• Use protective equipment or clothing – Canister mask & distance breathers
– Air supplied hoods & masks
provided • HEARING PROTECTION
• Comply with instructions or measures – Ear plugs & ear muffs
• FOOT PROTECTION
made in accordance with OSH − Safety boots & shoes
− Foot covers
legislation • HAND PROTECTION
− Cotton & welding gloves
• Not to interfere or misuse things − Disposal gloves
− Neoprene coated heavy duty gloves
done in accordance with OSH • PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
legislation − Leather aprons
− Leather elbows pads & sleeves
− Air supplied enclosure suits
− Fire suits
• FALL PROTECTION
− Safety belts & harness
• OTHERS FOR EMERGENCY & RESCUE
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.:Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control:.
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Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment & Risk Control (HIRARC)
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HIRARC is a Risk Management Tool:-
▪ Begin with Hazard Identification
▪ Followed by Risk Assessment
▪ End with Risk Controls
▪ Budget for implementation of controls
▪ Review : Effectiveness of controls
▪ Documentation
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Process of HIRARC
Employer Worker
Consultation
Representative Representative
Identify Hazards
Risk Assessment
Review
Prepare Risk Control Action Plan
Implement
.:Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS):.
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OSHMS
Objectives:-
OSHMS Standards:-
– Planning
– Implementation & Operation
– Checking & Corrective Action
– Management Review
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Principles of OSHMS
ACT PLAN
Review Continual Policy
Improvement Planning
HIRARC
A P
C D
CHECK DO
Performance Implementation &
Assessment (Active & Operation
Reactive)
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Key Elements in MS1722 : Part 1
Policy
POLICY Development
ORGANISING Organizational
Development
Feedback loop
ACTION OF to improve
IMPROVEMENT performance
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.:Government Initiatives:.
Page 29
Government Initiatives
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Construction Industry Standard CIS 10: 2018 – Safety & Health Assessment
System In Construction (SHASSIC)
• Objectives:
– To benchmark the level of safety and health performance of construction industry in
Malaysia;
– To have a standard system of safety and health assessment in the construction industry;
– To assess S & H performance of contractor (s) based on this standard;
– To evaluate the performance of contractor (s) on the S & H practices at site;
– To improve and to take necessary corrective action on OSH Performance and management
at site; and
– To compile data for statistical analysis
• Sets out the S & H Management practices of contractor for various aspects of
construction work activities; covers 3 main components:-
− Document check
− Site/ workplace inspection
− Employees interview
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The CITP is Malaysia’s national agenda to transform
the construction industry from 2016 to 2020. It aims to
transform the construction industry through four
strategic thrusts:
http://www.citp.my/
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Poor conditions on worksite, including
workers’ amenities and safety and health
standards
Room to enhance public perception of the industry and limited awareness of initiatives
to improve the image of the industry
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Improve level of occupational safety and health at construction site
Well-Being
Sustainability &
Resiliency Integrity
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Occupational Safety and Health in Construction Industry (Management) (OSHCIM)
under DOSH
• OSHCIM is developed to guide the client, designer and contractor on the management of safety,
health and welfare when carrying out the construction projects from start to finish.
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.:Conclusion:.
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PROGRESS IS PRIORITY
SAFETY IS
MANDATORY
ALWAYS REMEMBER !!!
Question:-
Discuss the key components of OSHA 1994. How HIRARC could minimize
the occurrence of accidents in construction project?
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