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IOT Reviewarticle Acssess Cleanmanuscript pdf12
IOT Reviewarticle Acssess Cleanmanuscript pdf12
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5 authors, including:
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1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
2
Department of Building and Real Estate (BRE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
3
School of Geomatics, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, 12613, Egypt.
4
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
5
Management Science and Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
ABSTRACT This comprehensive review explores IoT innovations in water, wastewater management, and
water quality monitoring, emphasizing the transformative potential of these technologies. Combining
sociometric and systematic review (SR) techniques, the study analyzes scientometric trends and co-occurrence
networks linked to review topics. Research primarily centers on these aspects, averaging 15 articles annually
since 2017, peaking at 24 in 2021. The SR unveils the widespread use of multiple sensors in monitoring,
particularly water level, flow, and pH sensors. Common wireless technologies are emphasized for their role in
advancing real-time monitoring. Innovative protocols such as Sigfox and Zigbee enhance sensor-IoT
connectivity, improving communication in infrastructure management. Common challenges hindering system
efficiency and data flow include sensor accuracy, energy optimization, communication reliability,
interdisciplinary collaboration, and sensor coverage. Addressing these gaps is crucial for advancing IoT-driven
water systems and enhancing decision-making. This study guides IoT practitioners in integrating automation
and sustainability in water and wastewater management.
INDEX TERMS IoT, Internet of things, Monitoring systems, Water management, Wastewater
management, Water quality, Real-time, Flow Sensors, Level Sensors, Wireless sensors
FIGURE 3. Annual trend line of publication in IoT-based applications in The blue cluster predominantly focuses on IoT applications
wastewater and water infrastructure management and water quality in water management and conservation. Leading keywords
monitoring from 2012 to 2023.
within this cluster include "Internet of Things", "IoT", "water
management", "sensor network", "water level monitoring”,
Notably, the majority of research efforts have been directed
and "climate change". The primary emphasis of this category
towards the study of IoT applications in these three aspects,
revolves around utilizing IoT with various sensor networks for
with an average of 15 articles per year since 2017 and a peak
enhanced water management and infrastructure optimization.
of 24 articles in 2021. Further scrutiny reveals that the average
The red cluster encompasses 27 author keywords,
number of articles per year for IoT-based monitoring in water
concentrating on research related to IoT in water quality
infrastructure, wastewater infrastructure, and quality
monitoring and IoT-based monitoring systems in water and
monitoring were 6, 5, and 4 articles, respectively. The highest
wastewater treatment plants. Noteworthy keywords within this
counts were recorded in 2019, 2021, and 2022 for IoT-based
cluster include "water quality monitoring systems", "water
monitoring in water infrastructure (9 articles), wastewater
quality," and "monitoring systems".
infrastructure (10 articles), and quality monitoring (10
The green cluster centers around machine learning, artificial
articles), respectively. The rising trajectory in the annual
neural networks, optical fiber, and wireless sensors for
article count since 2017 underscores the paramount
predicting water leakage and achieving smart infrastructures.
significance of utilizing IoT-based sensors in diverse
To further elaborate on the author's keywords used in IoT-
infrastructure management schemes.
based wastewater and water management and quality
monitoring research, separate co-occurrence networks were
B. Co-Occurrence Network of Keywords
generated for each category, as depicted in Fig. 5-7. These
Keyword co-occurrence analysis is an effective bibliometric
individual networks reveal 4, 4, and 5 clusters for articles
approach that provides insights into the body of knowledge of
related to IoT-based wastewater management, IoT-based
a designated research domain, uncovering trends, frontiers,
water management, and IoT-based water quality monitoring,
and hotspots. Fig. 4 presents the keywords' co-occurrence
respectively.
network for all articles belonging to three categories,
illustrating the relationships between the defined author
keywords and the frequency of their appearance together.
Every node depicted in the diagram symbolizes a specific
keyword, its magnitude denoting the frequency of its
appearance across studies. The thickness of the lines
connecting two keywords mirrors the rate at which they tend
to appear together. A minimum of two occurrences were
specified for a keyword to be included in the analysis, resulting
in the retrieval of 232 keywords and the identification of 7
colored clusters.
4) Applications and Case Studies Fig. 12 also highlights specific research projects and case
This subsection delves into the practical applications, case studies related to IoT-based water infrastructure management,
studies, and real-world examples of IoT-based water representing another notable trend. For instance, Amaxilatis et
infrastructure management, focusing on real-world instances al. [86] reported a practical implementation in which 48 water
and their outcomes. By analyzing these case studies meters were installed within a university campus. They
documented in previous research articles, we aim to provide employed commercially available WM-Bus water meters and
perspectives on the field's current state and how IoT-based an IoT architecture focused on edge processing for intelligent
water infrastructure management can help address critical meter networks. Another study by Ebi et al. [52] offered two
challenges in water resource management. real-world field tests as instances, demonstrating the
Recent literature on water infrastructure management utilization of a synchronized LoRa mesh network for
reveals several notable trends in IoT-based systems. Fig. 12 monitoring processes within the underground infrastructure.
presents a comprehensive overview of these trends and
provides some detailed insights. One of the most prominent is
using IoT-based monitoring and control, which has been
explored in various studies such as Kirar [68] for managing
water infrastructure, W. Li et al. [84] for underground pipeline
networks, Xie et al. [58] for urban green infrastructure
management, and Siek and Larry [59] for flood risk
mitigation. Another emerging trend involves the adoption of
computational frameworks. For instance,
Venkatasubramanian et al. [85] proposed computational
frameworks for water infrastructure management, while
Pindoriya et al. [63] introduced a conceptual framework for an
intelligent hardware-software platform in IoT-based water and FIGURE 12. IoT-based trends in water infrastructure management.
energy infrastructure management for smart cities.