Bearing Capacity
Bearing Capacity
Bearing Capacity
Abdel-Salam
Bearing Capacity Theory
Bearing Capacity
INTRODUCTION
For element 1
σ`1 =qu
σ`3 = ( tan2 ( 45 – φ` / 2 ))
For element 11
σ1
σ3 σ`3 = ᵞ z
σ3 I
σ1
σ1 σ`1 = ᵞ z / ( tan2 ( 45 – φ` / 2 ))
σ3 II σ3
σ1 σ`3 of I = σ`1 OF II
p
Terzaghi bearing capacity
The equation was derived based on neglecting the shear
resistance of the soil above the level of the base of the footing
and considering only its γ D at footing level .
The soil wedge ABC below the footing is considered to be in a
elastic state equilibrium and be have as a part of the footing
itself.
Shear surcharge water effect &
strength pressure foundation width
Based on Terzaghi’s bearing capacity theory, column load P
is resisted by shear stresses at edges of three zones under the
footing and the overburden pressure, q (=γD) above the
footing. The first term in the equation is related to cohesion
of the soil. The second term is related to the depth of the
footing and overburden pressure. The third term is related
to the width of the footing and the length of shear stress
area. The bearing capacity factors, Nc, Nq, Nγ, are function
of internal friction angle, φ.
Notes on Terzaghi's Method
Since soil cohesion can be difficult to quantify,
conservative values of c (cohesion) should be used.
Frictional strength is more reliable and does not need to
be as conservative as cohesion.
Terzaghi's method is simple and familiar to many
geotechnical engineers; however, it does not take into
account many factors, nor does it consider cases such as
rectangular foundations.
The Terzaghi`s bearing capacity theory assumption
• The base of footing is rough
• The footing is laid at shallow depth Df ≤ B
• The shear strength of the soil above the base of the footing is
neglected, and the soil above the base is replaced by a uniform
surcharge γD
• The load on the footing is vertical and uniformly distributed
• The footing is long L / B is infinite
• The shear strength of the soil is governed by the Mohr-
Coulomb equation
τ = c` + σ` tan φ`
Skempton method
Skempton 1951 suggested a bearing capacity theory for saturated clay for
which ɸ = 0. Skempton gives Nc, the bearing capacity factor on the basis of
theory, laboratory tests and field observations. It was found that the value of Nc
increased with the increase in Df/B ratio. The expression for Nc proposed by
Skempton is given below.
qu = CNc + γD at D / B ˂ 2.5
Nc = ( 1 + 0.2 D/ B ) Nc0
qu = cNc + q0 Nq + 0.5 γ B N γ
Meyerhof (1963) proposed a formula for calculation of
bearing capacity similar to the one proposed by Terzaghi
but introducing further foundation shape coefficients.
He introduced a coefficient sq that multiplies the
Nq factor, depth factors di and inclination factors ii depth
factors di and inclination factors ii for the cases where the
load line is inclined to the vertical. Meyerhof obtained the
N factors by making trials on a number of BF arcs (see
Prandtl mechanism) whilst shear along AF was given
approximate values.
The General Bearing Capacity Equation
Factors Meyerhof Hansen Vesic
• For continuous footing,
s=1
• For perpendicular load,
i=1
• For level foundation,
b =1
• For level ground,
g =1
• Need to compute factors
- Bearing Capacity Factor N,
- Depth Factor d
Groundwater Effects
Shallow groundwater affects shear strength in two ways:
Eccentricity
Inclination
FOOTINGS WITH One Way Eccentricity
• Note that larger values of Er decrease the blow count N nearly linearly,
that is, Er45 gives N = 20 and Er90 gives N = 10;
Example of N for Er45 = 20 we obtain for the arbitrarily chosen Er = 70, (Er70):
N for Er70 = 13
Bearing Capacity using CPT
Bearing Capacity for Field
Load Tests PLT
For Granular Soils: