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    Chapter 4 Tut 3

    Uploaded by

    Yash Kr

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 21

    Chapter 4: Work and Heat

    Thermodynamics 1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    (4.110/4.103) Two kilograms of water is contained
    in a piston/cylinder with a massless piston
    loaded with a linear spring and the outside
    atmosphere. Initially the spring force is zero and
    P1 = Po = 100 kPa with a volume of 0.2 m3. If
    the piston just hits the upper stops the volume is
    0.8 m3 and T = 600°C. Heat is now added until
    the pressure reaches 1.2 MPa. Find the final
    temperature, show the P–V diagram and find the
    work done during the process.

    7
    8
    V1 0.2
    State 1: v1    0.1 m3 / kg, P1  100 kPa
    m 2
    v f @100 kPa  v1  vg @100 kPa  it is saturated mixture

    State 2: at stops
    Vstop 0.8
    v2    0.4 m / kg & T2  600 C
    3 o

    m 2
    v2  vg @600o C  it is superheated

    Table B.1.3  Pstop  P2 = 1 MPa < P3

    9
    State 3: P3  1.2 MPa, v3  v2  0.4 m / kg
    3

    From Table B.1.3  700o C  T3  800o C


    by interpolation  T3  770 Co

    1
    W  1W2  2W3  ( P1  P2 ) (V2  V1 )  0
    1 3
    2
    1
     (100  1000) kPa (0.8  0.2) m 3

    2
     330 kJ

    10
    (4.111/4.106) A cylinder having an initial volume of
    3 m3 contains 0.1 kg of water at 40oC. The water
    is then compressed in an isothermal quasi-
    equilibrium process until it has a quality of 50%.
    Calculate the work done by splitting the process
    into two steps. Assume the water vapor is an
    ideal gas during the first step of the process.

    11
    State 1: V1  3 m3 , T1  40o C, m  0.1 kg
    3 m3
    v1 
    0.1 kg

     30 m3 /kg > vg for 40o C 
    v1 > vg @ 40oC  Superheated vapor

    12
    From 1-2 water vapor is an ideal gas with T = C
    P2  Psat@40o C  7.384 kPa
    3
    v2  vg @ 40o C  19.52 m /kg
    3
    v2 19.52 m /kg
    P1  P2   7.384 kPa  3
     4.8 kPa
    v1 30 m /kg
    3 3
    V2  mv2  0.1 kg  19.52 m /kg = 1.952 m
    V2 1.952
    1W2   PdV  PV
    3
    1 1 ln  4.8 kPa  3 m  ln
    V1 3
     6.19 kJ
    13
    Process 2-3  P  constant
    v3  0.001008  0.5  19.519  9.7605 m /kg
    3

    V3  mv3  0.1 kg  9.7605 m /kg  0.976 m


    3 3

    3
    W3   PdV  P2 V3  V2 
    2
    2

     7.348 kPa   0.976  1.952  m3


     7.21 kJ
    W  1W2  2W3  6.19 kJ  7.21 kJ
    1 3

     13.4 kJ

    14
    (4.112/4.113) Air at 200 kPa, 30°C is contained in a
    cylinder/piston arrangement with initial volume
    0.1 m3 . The inside pressure balances ambient
    pressure of 100 kPa plus an externally imposed
    force that is proportional to V0.5. Now heat is
    transferred to the system to a final pressure of
    225 kPa. Find the final temperature and the
    work done in the process.

    15
    C.V. Air. This is a control mass. Use initial state and
    process to find T2.
    P1  Po  CV11/ 2  200  100  C(0.1)1/ 2  C  316.23
    225  100  CV21/ 2  V2  0.156 m3

    P2 V2 225  0.156
    T2   T1   303.15 = 532 K
    P1 V1 200  0.1

        o  1/ 2
    W
    1 2
    PdV ( P CV ) dV
    2
     Po (V2  V1 )  C   (V23/ 2  V13/ 2 )  11.9 kJ
    3
    16
    (4.115/?) Two springs with same spring constant are
    installed in a massless piston/cylinder with the
    outside air at 100 kPa. If the piston is at the
    bottom, both springs are relaxed and the second
    spring comes in contact with the piston at V = 2
    m3. The cylinder contains ammonia initially at
    -2°C, x = 0.13, V = 1 m3, which is then heated
    until the pressure finally reaches 1200 kPa. At
    what pressure will the piston touch the second
    spring? Find the final temperature and the total
    work done by the ammonia.

    17
    18
    State 0 : 0 m3 , 100 kPa
    State 1: T1  2 C, x  0.13, V1  1 m
    o 3

    From Table B.2.1 (692)  by interpolation


    P1  399.7 kPa, v1  0.00156  0.13  0.3106  0.0419 m3 /kg
    State 2 : V2  2 m3
    P P1  P0
    Slope of line 0-1-2 
    V V1  V0
    399.7 kPa  100 kPa
      299.7 kPa/m 3

    1 m3
    P2  P1  V2  V1  P / V
     399.7 kPa   2  1 m3  299.7 kPa/m3  699.4 kPa

    19
    State 3: P3  1200 kPa
    P3  P2  V3  V2  2P / V 
    V3  V2   P3  P2  /  2P / V 
     2 m3  1200  699.4  kPa /  2  299.7  kPa/m 3
     2.835 m3
    v3  V3 / V1 / v1 
     2.835 m3 / 1 m3 / 0.0419 m3 /kg 
     0.1188 m3 /kg
    From Table B.2.2 for P3  1200 kPa, v3  0.1188 m3 /kg 
    T3  51o C
    20
    1 1
    W  1W2  2W3  ( P1  P2 ) (V2  V1 )  ( P2  P3 ) (V3  V2 )
    1 3
    2 2
    1
     (399.7  699.4) kPa  (2  1)m3
    2
    1
     (699.4  1200) kPa  (2.835  2)m 3
    2
     1342.6 kJ

    21

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