Jyoti G Synopsis
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Physical Fitness
Physical fitness is the capacity of heart, blood vessels, lungs and muscles to
function at optimum efficiency. In previous years, fitness was defined as the capacity
to carry out the day's activities undue fatigue. Physical fitness is now defined as the
body's ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure activities, to
resist hypo kinetic diseases, and to meet the emergency situations (Corbin and
Lindsey,1994). Fitness concepts in elementary physical education center on children's
understanding of fitness as good health, and a working knowledge of activities that
promote a healthy level of fitness. However, with increased leisure time, and changes
in life styles wrought by the industrial revolution, which took a large proportion of the
population away from farm life and into more urban areas, this definition is no longer
considered comprehensive enough. The definition for physical fitness is now defined
as the body's ability to function efficiently and effectively in work and leisure
activities, not only at a set point in time, but at various ages and stages within a
person's life cycle. The key is in finding optimum health within the limits of one's
lifestyle, in order to be able to resist hypo kinetic diseases.
Physical fitness is a dynamic concept and is continuously growing in
importance to everyday life and health. Although being an attribute that has a genetic
basis, it is also sensitive to changes in type and amount of physical activity, especially
as people age. It is important to measure fitness both as an outcome of physical
activity and as a mediator of physical activity's effect on disease morbidity, mortality
and injury.
The world health organization (W.H.O) has defined fitness as "the ability to perform
muscular work satisfactory." The United States of America, centers for Diseases
Control and Prevention. Defined fitness thus: "The fine Health related components of
physical fitness are more important to public health than the components related to
athletic ability.
Physical fitness forms the basics of all activities of our society. If we fail to
encourage physical development we will under-line our capacity for thought and
work. In recent years, there has been disturbingly high evidence of mental ill health
among the young generation, commonly, low self-esteem anxiety, depression, stress
etc. which sometimes takes serious tool of an individual and at times leads to suicide
also. Thus, physical fitness of our youth, who are going to be the future of our nation,
is a vital pre-requisite for the country's realization of its full potential as a nation. It
also helps an individual to make full and fruitful use of his /her capabilities.
Physiology is, in broad terms, the study of how the body works. It is different
from anatomy which refers to the structure of the body. In today's blog post I want to
consider how the way we use the body affects emotion just as emotion affects the way
we use the body in return. Remember that you can view the movie file that
accompanies this article by visiting The Guide on this website.
We know, for example that when people feel sad or miserable they tend to hold
their bodies in particular ways. Muscles become more relaxed and breathing and
posture change. When we're sad we tend to look downwards or stare into space and
over time our movements and even our thought processes slow down.
M.Vasudev, JSO (2011)The present investigation has been done to compare selected
physical fitness components of high, mediocre, and low performance group of 30 male
sub-Junior gymnasts who had participated in19th Sub-Junior National. The grouping
was done based on their competitive results in sub junior national championship. Test
for conditional abilities Pull-ups on Horizontal Bar, Jack knife sit-ups, Standing Broad
Jump, Vertical Jump 30mts. Sprint, Sit, and Reach and Bridge. One-way ANOVA
was used to find out significant difference between the groups. The result was showed
that Jack knife sit-ups, Standing Broad Jump, Speed 30mts.and Sit & reach ware
shown significant at 0.01level Body Weight ,.Vertical jump, Angle differentiation
ability and Time differentiation ability were shown Not Significant
Manmeet Gill, Nishan Singh Deol and Ramanjit Kaur (2010)In the
present study, an attempt has been made to compare physical fitness components
namely speed,strength, endurance, agility and flexibility between female students
belonging to rural and urban set-ups. The study was carried out on 100 female
students, 50 rural and 50 urban of Punjabi University, Patiala. The data was collected
by useof measurements of height and weight as well as by application of tests like
jumping, stepping, running, flexibility test.
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Methodology is the description of procedure or technique adopted in research
study. The machinery or methodology occupies a very important place in any kind of
research. The vehicle of research cannot perform its functions without it, since it is
methodology which lays out the way of the research variables and procedure. The
researcher has chosen the descriptive method for the research purpose. This method
provides a method of investigation to study, describe and interpret what exists at
present. This study will be carried out with a view to know the relationship between
the variables of physiological and physical fitness between inter college level players
of VOLLEY BALL and NET BALL
Sampling
After due consideration of all the points, purposive sample technique will be
employed. Only male inter college level players of VOLLEY BALL and NET BALL
will be selected purposely for the study. A total number of 120 samples will be
selected from the VOLLEY BALL and NET BALL from colleges of Srinagar City.
Research design
This is a survey study under Descriptive Research.
Criterion Measures
The criterion measures adopted for this study will be physiological and physical
fitness components such as;
Procedure: The starting position of the test is a back lying position with knees flexed,
feet on the floor and heels between 15-18 from the buttocks. The arms are crossed on
the chest with hands on opposite shoulders.
A partner holds the examinees feet to keep them in contact with the testing
surface. The examinee curls to a sitting position maintaining arm contact with the
chest.
The chin should be tucked on the chest and should remain in this position until the
completion of the sit-up. When the elbows touch the thighs, the sit-up is completed.
The examinee curls back down on the floor until the mid-back contacts the testing
surface. Another sit-up may then be attempted. The examinee begins executing
consecutive sit-ups on the word 'GO'. At the end of 60 seconds the test is ended with
the word 'Stop'. The score is the number of sit-ups executed correctly during this time.
Pausing between sit-ups is permissible.
Score: The score is the number of sit-ups executed correctively during the 60 seconds.
Incorrect execution includes failure to curl up, pulling the arms away the chest, failure
to touch the thighs with the elbows and failure to touch the mid-back to the testing
surface in the down position.
Flexibility: Variable:
flexibility Test: Sit & reach
Purpose: The sit and reach test is designed to evaluate the flexibility of the lower
back and posterior thigh.
Procedure: This test requires the person to run back and forth between two parallel
lines as fast as possible. Set up two lines of cones 30 feet apart or use line markings,
and place two blocks of wood or a similar object behind one of the lines. Starting at
the line opposite the blocks, on the signal "Ready? Go!" the participant runs to the
other line, picks up a block and returns to place it behind the starting line, then returns
to pick up the second block, then runs with it back across the line.
Scoring: Two or more trails may be performed, and the quickest time is recorded.
Results are recorded to the nearest tenth of a second.
50 Yard Dash
Variable: Speed
Test: 50 Yard Dash
Purpose: The aim of this test is to determine acceleration and speed. Equipment
required: measuring tape or marked track, stopwatch, cone markers, flat and clear
surface of at least 70 meters. Procedure: The test involves running a single maximum
sprint over 50 meters, with the time recorded. A thorough warm up should be given,
including some practice starts and accelerations. Start from a stationary standing
position (hands cannot touch the ground), with one foot in front of the other. The front
foot must be behind the starting line. Once the subject is ready and motionless, the
starter gives the instructions "set" then "go.". The tester should provide hints for
maximizing speed (such as keeping low, driving hard with the arms and legs) and the
participant should be encouraged to not slow down before crossing the finish line.
Scoring: The best time out three trails of the nearest 1/100th of a second will scored as
final score.
On the basis of the outcomes and within the limitations of the current study, the
following decision can be drawn.
In sit ups test VOLLEY BALL players have better abdominal strength than the NET
BALL players.
The VOLLEY BALL players are superior in standing broad jump, which measures
the explosive power of the lower extremity than the football and NET BALL players.
In the items pull ups VOLLEY BALL and football players are better.
Refrences
American College of Sports and Medicine (ACSM), (2005). Health related physical
fitness assisment manual. Balttimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins,
p 3.
Amrish Pony, Prof. P.C.Krishna Swamy, Dr.Saneeta S. Bamman (2012) The effect of
physiological variables on swimming performance of different age
group swimmer (International Journal of Health, Physical Education and
Computer Science in SportsVolume No.6, No.1.pp79-80) ISSN 2231-
David J.A; Michel H.H Frank D.R 2001 Fundamental Concept and Application, MC
Graw Hill Higher Education: New Yark.P 67.
David J.A; Michel H.H Frank D.R 2001 Fundamental Concept and Application, MC
Grew Hill Higher Education: New York .
Donald K Mathews Measurements physical Education ( London W.B Saunders
Company,1973)
International NET BALL federation. http://www.NET BALLikf. com/history. htm.
Retrieved on 10/7/2012
J.Prabhakar Rao (2012) A Study On The Physical Fitness Among Chess And Yoga
Players Of Hyderabad(International Journal of Health, Physical
Education and Computer Science in Sports Volume No.6, No.1.pp68-
69) ISSN 2231-3265
J.Prabhakar Rao,(2011) A study on the physical fitness among VOLLEY BALL and
hand ball players in Hyderabad(International Journal of Health, Physical
Education and Computer Science in Sports Volume No.2, No.1.pp142-
143) ISSN 2231-3265
Mastrangelo, M. A.,Edward, C., and Peter, R. (2008) C .V fitness in obese versus non-
Robert V. Hockey Physical Fitness the pathway to Healthful Living ( St Louis
TheC.V Mosby Company,1973)
Werner, W.K.& Sharon, A.H.(1990).Fitness & Wellness. Morton Publishing
Company, Colorado.
Werner, W.K.& Sharon, A.H.(1990).Fitness & Wellness. Morton Publishing
Company, Colorado.
Ziaee, V.Fallah, J.Rezaee, M. Biat, A.Lamb, E5. (2007)The relationship between body
mass index and physical fitness in 513 medical students.Tehran
University medical journal. 65(8)