STS REVIEWER

GROUP 1 & 2

1. What problem lead to the invention/discovery of fire?

The Earth before is very cold, so people tend to look for alternative ways besides clothes for
warmth.

2. What is Science?
A systematized body of knowledge.
A collection of proven and tested ideas.
All of the above.
A problem solving act of thinking by humans.

3. What is the main purpose of the establishment of Science?

Science helps in solving problems that occur in our daily lives.

4. What is Technology?
Technology is the application of the idea of Science.

5. What is the tertiary purpose of fire?

Cooking

6. What could be the possible reason why Charles the Great encouraged his constituents to study
different ideas during his time?
The people before are very chaotic and he thought that knowledgeable people are easier to
manage.

7. What is one of the most important activities of the humans that helped in the transfer of
knowledge from one country to another?
Trade

8. What belief was supported by the church during the Renaissance Period that was opposed by
Copernicus?
Heliocentrism
9. What is the main purpose of Science and Technology in the Society?
S and T help in accomplishing the work of society efficiently.

10. What challenge was issued to Archimedes during the Renaissance Period?
Measure the volume of a crown.

11. Who was the person that arranged the Modern Periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev

12. What type of advancement was promoted during the Marcos Sr.'s Era?
Science and Technology

13. What century did the trains boomed?

19th century

14. Science is used to solve problems that occur in our daily lives. (TRUE)

15. Freudian revolution is where people were able to understand that people's hidden thoughts
and feelings affects ones behaviors with respect to experience. (TRUE)

16. Trade is the reason why there is a halt in Scientific advancement during the Late Medieval
Ages. (FALSE)

17. During the Spanish era, all Filipinos are privileged to study. (FALSE)

18. Spinning Jenny is used in creating food coloring from silk. (FALSE)

19. Samuel Morse invented the first telegraph. (FALSE)

20.

21. Agriculture

Aside from forestry, food processing, medicine and pharmacy what other industry in
the Philippines was prioritized by the Americans?

Euclid
22.
Who was responsible for the promotion and use of 3D shapes?

23.Calendar
It was created to monitor time.
 Communication
24.
The purpose why language and the writing system was established.

25. Astronomy
Commonly used by sailors for direction.

26.Scholasticism
A way of thinking characterized by the use of Aristotelian empirical reasoning to
prove God is true.

Scientific Method
27.
Uses inductive thinking in solving problems we encounter in our daily lives.

Charlemagne
28.
Promoted learning during the Middle Ages.

Heliocentrism
29.
States that the sun is the center of the Solar System.

Ptolemy
30.
Promoted the belief that Earth is the center of the Solar System.

31.Andreas Vesalius
Known for his study of the human circulatory system with the use of human
dissection.

32. Eureka
Shouted by Archimedes after he discovered how to measure volume of irregular
objects.

Telescope
33.
Used by Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler to prove that Ptolemy is wrong.

Dynamo
34.
Michael Faraday used this device to demonstrate electromagnetic induction.

Telegraph
35.
A device used in communication invented by William Cooke and Charles
Wheatstone.
 John Dalton
36.
Created and polished the Atomic Theory based on Democritus' studies.

37.Internet
Was established during the 20th century and uses the world wide web to connect to
different platforms of communication.

Radium
38.
Discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie.

39. Morse Code

A way of communication used worldwide after Samuel Morse invented his version of
the telegraph.

40. DOST
Cory Aquino renamed the National Science and Technology Authority and named it
this.

Darwinian Revolution
41.
This is the changes in thought brought about the Theory of Evolution.

Ego
42.
Part of the Structural model of the mind that works on the reality principle.

43.Preconscious
Part of the Topographical model of the mind that is responsible for remembering
things.

Subconscious
44.
Here is where the Topographical model of the mind keep your fears and impulses.

Id
45.
Works under the pleasure principle where you look for immediate gratification of
wants and needs.

46.Superego
A part of the mind that works on the morality principle and helps you to do good
stuff.

Sigmund Freud
47.
The person behind the Freudian revolution.
 Information Age
48.
Otherwise known as the Computer Age.

49.Fe del Mundo

Filipino pediatrician and was behind the bamboo incubator.

50.Ramon Barba
A national scientist known for his study of the induction of mango flowers with the
use of a spray.

GROUP 3
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND S&T IN THE PHILIPPINES

1. Pre-Spanish Era
 Language (Tagalog / Bisaya)
 Communication (Baybayin / Alibata)
 Medicine (Herbalists)

2. Spanish Era
 Arrived 1521 lead by Magellan 333 years ago
 Formal Education ( patriarchy ; only male )
(Curriculum: religion, writing, reading, arithmetic and music)

3. Americans Post ( Commonwealth Era)

 Education for all (agriculture, forestry, medicine, food processing and pharmacy)

4. Marcos Era
 Advancement of S&T ( NSTA, Pag-asa, Science High Schools)

5. Fifth Republic
 NSTA – DOST (Changed by Pres. Gloria Arroyo)
 Internet (Arroyo & Noynay)
S&T IN NATION BUILDING
 No proper planning
 Creating a new nation from war
Role: Improvement of quality life
How: Develop the social economic sector (needs)

FAMOUS FILIPINO SCIENTISTS

1. Ramon Barba
 Mango flower industry spray

2. Fe del Mundo
 Incubator (Bamboo; baby oven)

3. Maria Orosa
 Banana Ketchup

4. Diosdado Banatao
 Single-chip microprocessors

5. Emerita De Guzman
 Mutant coconut (used to create macapuno / nata de coco)

6. Abelardo Aguilar
 Erythromycin (antibiotic)

7. Roberto Del Rosario

 Karaoke
 GROUP 4

HUMAN FLOURISHING
The Good Life

Good
 Beneficial for you

Right
 Following rules

View on Happiness

1. Aristotle
 In order to be happy, do good = feel good

2. Epicurus
 Follow pleasure

3. Nietzsche
 Do nothing
 Laziness
 Pre-destined

View on Technology

1. Aristotlelianism
 Use technology depends on you whether its Good or Bad

2. Technology Pessimism
 Bad effects to humans

3. Technology Optimism
 Good effects to humans

4. Existentialism
 Asking whether Good or Bad
 GROUP 5

WHEN TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANITY CROSS?

HUMANITY TECHNOLOGY

ETHICAL DILEMMA
 Choosing between 2
right choices
 Choose lesser evil

LIMITATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY
(examples: creation of life, revival, time travel, clone and Teleportation)

Problem and Loss

1. Law of Physics
2. Law of Software Algorithms – creation of machines
3. Difficulty of Distribution – codes
4. Problem of Design – machines become outdated
5. Problem of Functionality – all machines performs only a certain task)

WHY THE FUTURE DOESN’T NEED US?

View of Technology

Positive
 Standard of living (convenient)
 Longer life span
 Reduced suffering

Negative
 Social problems (pollution, poverty, overpopulation, unemployment)
 Society is drifting away from human nature
 Technology is always advancing while humans are not (could result to SOCIAL
COLLAPSE)

Social Collapse – destruction of nature

 Local – family (the culture starts to fade)
 Global – global warming
TECHNOLOGY IS THE NEW PANDORA’S BOX

4 SCENARIOS

1. Extinction Scenario
 Extinction of human beings
 Movie: After Earth

2. Recurrent Collapse Scenario

 Unsteady advancement of technology & humans
 Movie: Idiocracy

3. Plateau Scenario
 Steady advancement of technology & humans
 Movie: Upgrade & I-robot

4. Cumulative Probability of Post Humanity

 Hybrids; Cyborgs
 Movie: Ghost in a shell

Human Flourishing
Ability to achieve happiness and a good life.

Aristotle
He believed that happiness comes from being good.

Epicurus
He believed that happiness comes from fulfilling ones desires.

Nietzsche
He believed that happiness comes from doing nothing.

Laziness
It is the ideal state of happiness believed by Nietzsche.

Eudaimonia
Otherwise known as happiness.

Being good
A concept in which you choose a choice by which all consequences are good for your own self.

Being right
A concept in which you choose a choice by which all consequences are not good for you but is
based on the rules and is correct to the face of the society.
Ethical Dilemmas
A conflict of alternatives, where no matter what choice you choose, an ethical principle will be
compromised.

Societal Collapse
It is inevitable destruction of our natural resources.

Local societal collapse

A collapse starting from the foundation of the community which is the family.

Global social collapse

A collapse that starts from the creation of technology that can cause destruction.

Technology
It is considered the new Pandora's box.

Charlemagne
Promoted learning during the Middle Ages.

Ramon Barba
A national scientist known for his study of the induction of mango flowers with the use of a
spray.

Subconscious
Here is where the Topographical model of the mind keep your fears and impulses.

Sigmund Freud
The person behind the Freudian revolution.

John Dalton
Created and polished the Atomic Theory based on Democritus' studies.

Internet
Was established during the 20th century and uses the world wide web to connect to different
platforms of communication.

DOST
Cory Aquino renamed the National Science and Technology Authority and named it this.

Technological Pessimism
Believes that with all the advances of technology, it will never improve the human condition.

Martin Heidegger
Believes that technology is not a tool or an activity, rather it is a "way of revealing".
Existentialism
Questions technology "What does advanced technology facilitate the good human life, how does
it block the good human life?"

Aristotelianism
Believes that technology is a tool to satisfy the demand posed by humans.

NanoTechnology in the Philippines

 Food packaging (biodegradable plastics)
 Information Technology (fiber internet)
 Water Purification (nanofiltration)
 Computers & Iphone
 Environment (fertilizers)

Environmental Application
 Less raw materials
 Climate change protection
 Solar panel cells
 Reduces greenhouse gases

Issues
 Plastic on blood
 Toxic & more reactive
 Very minute

Nanotechnology
 Means very small (nano)
 Billionth of a meter (1nm=10-9 m) minute in nature

Ex:
Atoms – (1/3 nm)
Sheet of Paper – (100,000 nm)
Human Hair – (80,000 – 100 nm)

Application in the Past

1. Fermentation ( suka, tuba, bacteria, beer, cheese)
2. Lycurgus Cup (back:red, front:green)
3. Color of Butterfly wings
4. Eyes of a fly
5. Glass on Churches (nano particles)
6. Dahon sa yabi
7. Lizards (nanotechnology)

GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms)

 Altered genetically
Genomes
 Complete set of genetic information in an organisms.

Human Genomes
 46 chromosomes (23 mother, 23 father)

CHROMOSOMES

Testes Ovary
(vagina acidic)
Gonads

Sperm Cells Germ Cells Egg Cells

gametes
525 billion (2-3 milliliters lifetime) 6-8 million

20-30 million (every ejaculation) 1-2 million

100-200 (uterus) 300-400

Mongoloid Face
 East Asians
 Koreans, Japanese, Chinese, Mongolians
 PURE BLOOD

Clones
 Asexual Reproduction

Non-GMO
 Clones
 To produce many

Information Age (Digital Age / Computer Age / New Media Age)

 Rapid shift from industrial technology to an economy based information technology.
Gutenberg Revolution
 Johannes Gutenberg
 Invention of printing press (printed paper)
 Ex. Typewriter to Printer (letter to texts)

Gutenberg Principle / Z principle

 Even distribution of design

How info is spread

 Pre-Gutenberg – mouth, chosen (even distribution of information)
 Gutenberg – printed materials, edit
 Post Gutenberg – new media, everyone can access

Biodiversity and the Healthy Society

Biodiversity
 Bio – life
 Diversity – variation
 Variation of life

Importance of Biodiversity
 Ecological – natural resources
 Economic – money
 Aesthetic – decoration
 Cultural & Spiritual – look back

Threats to Biodiversity
 Environmental Pollution – Air, Water, Soil, Noise, Radiation, Light
 Habitat Destruction – deforestation, mining
 Over Harvesting
 Climate Change
 Invasive Species – aliens
 Encroachment of habitat
Biota
 Endemic forestation

What makes humans, human?

We can reason.
We have our own will.
We can oppose our will.
All of the above.

Eudaimonia is __________.
Happiness

He was the philosopher that believed that being lazy is the ideal state of being happy.
Nietzsche