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 THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF

THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

 THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF

THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION

Edited by
SUJIT CHOUDHRY, MADHAV KHOSLA,

and
PRATAP BHANU MEHTA
 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.

It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered
trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries
© The several contributors 2016
The moral rights of the authors have been assertedFirst Edition published in 2016
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Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
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Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the
materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

OUR greatest debt is to Varun Srikanth for his invaluable contributions to this project. He played a
crucial role in research, editing, organisation, and management, performing each task with remarkable
enthusiasm. If volumes such as this are endurance tests, they are made possible only by runners like
him. We are grateful to the funders who made this project possible, especially the International
Development Research Centre (IDRC) whose funding of the Centre for Policy Research (CPR)
through the Think Tank Initiative enabled the volume and a four-day writers’ workshop in New Delhi
in July 2014. The authors’ active and energetic participation throughout the workshop, individually
and collectively, helped to make this volume a coherent whole that is greater than the sum of its
individual contributions. Samuel Issacharoff served as a commentator throughout the workshop,
offering important suggestions on every single paper. We thank him for his remarkable generosity. We
are grateful to David Singh Grewal and KP Krishnan for their vital inputs and feedback at the
workshop, and to Fali Nariman whose participation at the event helped us appreciate the importance
of constitutional advocacy. Staff at CPR, the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law, and
the NYU School of Law provided administrative support throughout the duration of this project. We
also acknowledge the support of the late KC Sivaramakrishnan, Chairman of CPR’s Board, who is
also a contributor to this volume. We are sad he did not live to see this project reach completion, but
his probing questions on Indian constitutionalism and its impact on government were a great spur to
us. Raeesa Vakil went beyond the call of duty in so many respects. Apart from her fine contribution,
she was indispensable in helping us to fill gaps in the volume. Her clarity and command of detail was
a resource we frequently exploited. For research assistance, we are also grateful to Vasanthi
Venkatesh at the University of California, Berkeley, School of Law. We thank Alex Flach, Natasha
Flemming, and Nicole Leyland at Oxford University Press for their unwavering belief in and support
of this project. We are very grateful to Shyama Warner, whose care and dedication prevented serious
errors. Finally, Pratap and Sujit would like to express their profound gratitude to Madhav, whose
energy and imagination were central at every stage of this project, and integral to its success.
 CONTENTS

Table of Cases
Table of Legislation
List of Abbreviations
Notes on Contributors

INTRODUCTION

1. Locating Indian Constitutionalism

SUJIT CHOUDHRY, MADHAV KHOSLA, AND PRATAP BHANU MEHTA

PART I HISTORY

2. Constitutional Antecedents
ROHIT DE

3. Indian Constitutionalism: Crisis, Unity, and History

UDAY S MEHTA

4. The Indian Founding: A Comparative Perspective

HANNA LERNER

PART II NEGOTIATING CONSTITUTIONALISM

5. Constitutional Interpretation
CHINTAN CHANDRACHUD

6. Law, Politics, and Constitutional Hegemony: The Supreme Court, Jurisprudence, and
Demosprudence
UPENDRA BAXI

7. Constitutional Identity
GARY JEFFREY JACOBSOHN

8. Constitutional Change: A Public Choice Analysis

SHRUTI RAJAGOPALAN

9. International Law and the Constitutional Schema

 LAVANYA RAJAMANI

PART III CONSTITUTING DEMOCRACY

10. Citizenship
NIRAJA GOPAL JAYAL

11. Language
SUJIT CHOUDHRY

12. Elections
ADITYA SONDHI

13. Emergency Powers

RAHUL SAGAR

14. Constitutional Amendment

MADHAV KHOSLA

PART IV SEPARATION OF POWERS

15. Separation of Powers

JUSTICE (RETD) RUMA PAL

16. Legislature: Composition, Qualifications, and Disqualifications

MR MADHAVAN

17. Legislature: Privileges and Process

SIDHARTH CHAUHAN

18. Executive
SHUBHANKAR DAM

19. Judicial Architecture and Capacity

NICK ROBINSON

20. Judicial Independence

JUSTICE (RETD) BN SRIKRISHNA

21. Jurisdiction
RAEESA VAKIL

22. The Administrative and Regulatory State

TV SOMANATHAN

23. Tribunals
ARUN K THIRUVENGADAM
24. Review of Administrative Action
PRATEEK JALAN AND RITIN RAI

PART V FEDERALISM

25. The Federal Scheme

MAHENDRA PAL SINGH

26. Legislative Competence: The Union and the States

V NIRANJAN

27. Inter-State Trade, Commerce, and Intercourse

ARVIND P DATAR

28. Inter-State River Water Disputes

HARISH SALVE

29. Fiscal Federalism

NIRVIKAR SINGH

30. Asymmetric Federalism

LOUISE TILLIN

31. Local Government

KC SIVARAMAKRISHNAN

PART VI RIGHTS—STRUCTURE AND SCOPE

32. Rights: Breadth, Scope, and Applicability

ANANTH PADMANABHAN

33. Horizontal Effect

STEPHEN GARDBAUM

34. Writs and Remedies

GOPAL SUBRAMANIUM

35. Savings Clauses: The Ninth Schedule and Articles 31A–C

SURYA DEVA

36. Directive Principles of State Policy

GAUTAM BHATIA

37. Public Interest Litigation

SHYAM DIVAN

38. The Constitutionalisation of Indian Private Law

 SHYAMKRISHNA BALGANESH

PART VII RIGHTS—SUBSTANCE AND CONTENT

39. Equality: Legislative Review under Article 14

TARUNABH KHAITAN

40. Reservations
VINAY SITAPATI

41. Gender Equality

RATNA KAPUR

42. Life and Personal Liberty

ANUP SURENDRANATH

43. Due Process

ABHINAV CHANDRACHUD

44. Criminal Law and the Constitution

APARNA CHANDRA AND MRINAL SATISH

45. Free Speech and Expression

LAWRENCE LIANG

46. Assembly and Association

MENAKA GURUSWAMY

47. Movement and Residence

ANIRUDH BURMAN

48. Profession, Occupation, Trade, or Business

VIKRAMADITYA S KHANNA

49. Secularism and Religious Freedom

RONOJOY SEN

50. Personal Laws

FLAVIA AGNES

51. Minority Educational Institutions

K VIVEK REDDY

52. Property
NAMITA WAHI

PART VIII THE GOVERNMENT’S LEGAL PERSONALITY

53. Government Contracts
UMAKANTH VAROTTIL

54. Sovereign Immunity

NEELANJAN MAITRA

55. Public Employment and Service Law

RAJU RAMACHANDRAN

EPILOGUE

56. The Indian Constitution Seen from Outside

MARK TUSHNET

Index
 TABLE OF CASES

A Sanjeevi Naidu v State of Madras (1970) 1 SCC 443 317, 324, 395
A Yousuf Rawther v Sowramma AIR 1971 Ker 261 915
A & B v State Through NCT of Delhi 2010 Cri LJ 669 753
AB Shorawal v LK Advani AIR 1977 All 426 820
Abdul Rehman Antulay v RS Nayak (1992) 1 SCC 225 380, 383, 384, 806, 807
Abdur Rahim v Joseph A Pinto AIR 1951 Hyd 11 (FB) 31
ABL International v Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India Ltd (2004) 3 SCC 553 624
Abraham v Abraham [1863] 9 MIA 199 897
Acharya Jagdishwaranand Avadhuta v Commissioner of Police (1983) 4 SCC 522 815, 893
Additional District Magistrate, Jabalpur v Shivakant Shukla (1976) 2 SCC 521 105, 154, 220–2, 224, 782, 783
ADM Jabalpur v Shivakant Shukla (1976) 2 SCC 521 82, 92, 667, 759
Ahmedabad Mill Owners’ Association v IG Thakore AIR 1967 SC 1091 481
Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation v Nawab Khan Gulab Khan (1997) 11 SCC 121 660, 770
Ahmedabad St Xavier’s College Society v State of Gujarat (1974) 1 SCC 717 923, 924, 925, 929, 930, 931, 934
Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority v Sharad Kumar Jayanti Kumar Pasawalla (1992) 3 SCC 285 576
Ahmedabad Women Action Group (AWAG) v Union of India (1997) 3 SCC 573 911
Air India v Nargesh Meerza (1981) 4 SCC 335 703, 704, 705, 708, 709, 713, 718
Air India Statutory Corporation v United Labour Union (1997) 9 SCC 377 624, 656
AJ Peiris v State of Madras AIR 1954 SC 616 372
Ajaib Singh v State of Haryana (1992) Supp (2) SCC 338 371
Ajay Canu v Union of India (1988) 4 SCC 156 862, 863
Ajay Goswami v Union of India (2007) 1 SCC 143 830
Ajay Hasia v Khalid Mujib Sehravardi (1981) 1 SCC 722 434, 435, 436, 587, 588, 589, 590, 594, 666, 703, 712, 717, 745
Ajit Singh Januja v State of Punjab (1996) 2 SCC 715 141, 736
Ajit Singh (II) v State of Punjab (1999) 7 SCC 209 85, 736
Ajoy Kumar Banerjee v Union of India (1984) 3 SCC 127 258
AK Gopalan v State of Madras AIR 1950 SC 27 77, 79, 83, 666, 756, 757, 758, 760, 774, 776, 779, 782, 783, 784, 785, 853, 955, 956
AK Roy v Union of India (1982) 1 SCC 271 259, 375
Akadasi Padhan v State of Orissa AIR 1963 SC 1047 872
Akhil Bharat Goseva Sangh (3) v State of Andhra Pradesh (2006) 4 SCC 162 659
Akhil Bharatiya Soshit Sangh (Railways) v Union of India (1981) 1 SCC 246 734
Ajmal Kasab v State of Maharashtra (2012) 9 SCC 1 798, 809, 810
AL Kalra v Project & Equipment Corp of India Ltd (1984) 3 SCC 316 590
All Bihar Christian Schools Association v State of Bihar (1988) 1 SCC 206 935
All India Bank Employees’ Association v The National Industrial Tribunal AIR 1962 SC 171 840, 843, 844
All India Judges’ Association v Union of India (1992) 1 SCC 119 263, 344, 359, 361
All India Judges’ Association v Union of India (2002) 4 SCC 247 268, 344
All India Sainik Schools Employees’ Association v Sainik Schools Society (1989) Supp (1) SCC 205 590
Almitra H Patel v Union of India (1998) 2 SCC 416 677
ALSPPL Subrahmanyan Chettiar v Muttuswami Goundan [1940] FCR 188 466, 470, 471, 480
AM Paulraj v Speaker, Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly AIR 1986 Mad 248 303
AM Ross v Secretary of State for India AIR 1915 Mad 434 988, 989
Amalgamated Coalfields Ltd v Janapada Sabha Chhindwara AIR 1964 SC 1013 623
Amar Singh Yadav v Shanti Devi AIR 1987 Pat 191 340
Amarinder Singh v Special Committee, Punjab Vidhan Sabha (2010) 6 SCC 113 262, 303, 304, 305, 306
Ambica Industries v Commissioner of Central Excise (2007) 6 SCC 769 618
Ammini EJ v Union of India AIR 1995 Ker 252 912
Amrit Banaspati Co Ltd v Union of India (1995) 3 SCC 335 489
AN Rangaswami v Industrial Tribunal AIR 1954 Mad 553 872
Ananda Nambiar v Chief Secretary AIR 1966 SC 657 220
Anant Madaan v State of Haryana (1995) 2 SCC 135 859
Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board v Prof MV Nayudu (1999) 2 SCC 718 676, 677
Andi Mukta Sadguru Shree Muktajee Vandas Swami Suvarna Jayanti Mahotsav Smarak Trust v VR Rudani (1989) 2 SCC 691 617, 619
Angarki Cooperative Housing Society Ltd v State of Maharashtra (1997) 9 SCC 713 446
Annie P Mathews v Rajimon Abraham AIR 2002 Kar 385 913
Anoop Jaiswal v Government of India (1984) 2 SCC 369 1011
Anuj Garg v Hotel Association of India (2008) 3 SCC 1 713
Anugrah Narain Singh v State of Uttar Pradesh (1996) 6 SCC 303 573
AP Dairy Development Corporation Federation v B Narasimha Reddy (2011) 9 SCC 286 435
AP Pollution Control Board II v Prof MV Nayudu (2001) 2 SCC 62 140
AP Scheduled Castes Welfare Association, Hyderabad v Union of India AIR 2004 AP 381 210
AR Abdul Gaffar v Union of India (2013) ILR 1 Del 494 594
AR Antulay v RS Nayak (1988) 2 SCC 602 596, 596
Ardaseer Gursetjee v Perozeboye (1856) MIA 348 905
Arjun Khiamal Makhijani v Jamnadas Tuliani (1989) 4 SCC 612 381
Arnesh Kumar v State of Bihar (2014) 8 SCC 273 810
Arun Kumar Agrawal v Union of India (2013) 7 SCC 1 444
Arun Kumar Agrawal v Union of India (2014) 2 SCC 609 671
Aruna Parmod Shah v Union of India (2008) 102 DRJ 543 749
Aruna Ramachandra Shanbaug v Union of India (2011) 4 SCC 454 765
Aruna Roy v Union of India (2002) 7 SCC 368 879, 900
Arundhati Roy, Re (2002) 3 SCC 343 382, 820
Arup Bhuyan v State of Assam (2011) 3 SCC 377 842
AS Krishna v State of Madras AIR 1957 SC 297, 472, 481
Ashgar Ali v State of Uttar Pradesh AIR 1959 All 792 189
Ashok Debbarma v State of Tripura (2014) 4 SCC 747 810
Ashok Kumar v Union of India (1991) 3 SCC 498 323
Ashok Kumar Srivastav v National Insurance Company Ltd (1998) 4 SCC 361 623
Ashok Kumar Yadav v State of Haryana (1985) 4 SCC 417 1012
Ashoka Kumar Thakur v Union of India (2008) 6 SCC 1 142, 434, 654, 660, 723, 726, 728, 730, 739, 927, 928
Ashwini Thanppan v Directorate of Education (2014) 8 SCC 272 928
Assam Railways and Trading Co v Collector of Lakhimpur (1976) 3 SCC 24 370
Assan Rawther v Ammu Umma (1971) KLT 684 910
Association for Democratic Reforms v Union of India (2001) 57 DRJ 82 (DB) 199
Association of Registration Plates v Union of India (2005) 1 SCC 679 445
Association of Victims of Uphaar Tragedy v Union of India (2003) 2 ACC 114; (2003) 104 DLT 234 607, 689, 693
Atam Prakash v State of Haryana (1986) 2 SCC 249 657
Atiabari Tea Co Ltd v State of Assam AIR 1961 SC 232 488, 489, 492, 493–5, 497, 501
Atma Linga Reddy v Union of India (2008) 7 SCC 788 376, 510
Atma Ram v State of Punjab AIR 1959 SC 519 951
Attorney General of India v Lachma Devi (1989) Supp (1) SCC 264 785
Automobile Transport (Rajasthan) Ltd v State of Rajasthan AIR 1962 SC 1406 490, 491, 492, 495, 496–8
AV Nachane v Union of India (1982) 1 SCC 205 139
Aveek Sarkar v State of West Bengal (2014) 4 SCC 257 830
Avinash Mehrotra v Union of India (2009) 6 SCC 398 676
Avinder Singh v State of Punjab (1979) 1 SCC 137 531
AVS Narasimha Rao v State of Andhra Pradesh (1969) 1 SCC 839 554, 859
B Archana Reddy v State of Andhra Pradesh (2005) 6 ALD 582 727
B Jagadish v State of Andhra Pradesh (2009) 1 SCC 681 692
B Krishna Bhat v Union of India (1990) 3 SCC 65 660
Babu Lal v State of Rajasthan (2006) RLW 4 3121 571
Babubhai Muljibhai Patel v Nandlal Khodidas Barot (1974) 2 SCC 706 624
Babulal Parate v State of Bombay AIR 1960 SC 51 187, 459
Babulal Parate v State of Maharashtra AIR 1961 SC 884 826, 838
Baburao Patel v Zakir Husain AIR 1968 SC 904 308
Bachan Singh v State of Punjab (1980) 2 SCC 684 151, 764, 786
Bachan Singh v State of Punjab (1982) 3 SCC 24 787
Bachpan Bachao Andolan v Union of India (2011) 5 SCC 1 676
Badshah v Urmila Badshah Godse (2014) 1 SCC 188 920
Bageshwari Kumar v The Chief Executive Officer (Administrator) Municipal Corporation, Gaya (2007) 55(3) BLJR 2755 576
Bal Kishan Giri v State of Uttar Pradesh (2014) 7 SCC 280
Bal Patil v Union of India (2005) 6 SCC 690 896
Baladin v State of Uttar Pradesh AIR 1956 SC 181 370
Balchandra L Jarkiholi v BS Yeddyurappa (2011) 7 SCC 1 441
BALCO Employees’ Union v Union of India (2002) 2 SCC 333 266, 444, 551, 665, 671, 979
Baleshwar Dass v State of Uttar Pradesh (1980) 4 SCC 226 1008
Balmer Lawrie and Co Ltd v Partha SBalmer Lawrie and Co Ltd v Partha Sarathi Sen Royarathi Sen Roy (2013) 8 SCC 345 594
Balram Prasad v Kunal Saha (2014) 1 SCC 384 692
Balwant Raj v Union of India AIR 1968 All 14 651
Balwant Singh v State of Punjab (1995) 3 SCC 214 828
Bandhua Mukti Morcha v Union of India (1984) 3 SCC 161 615, 658, 666, 669, 676, 678, 686, 761
Banarsi Das Bhanot v State of Madhya Pradesh AIR 1958 SC 909 259
Bandhua Mukti Morcha v Union of India (1984) 3 SCC 161 139
Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board v Rajappa (1978) 2 SCC 213 878
Bank of Commerce Ltd v Amulya Krishna Basu [1944] FCR 126 466, 471, 478
Bank of Commerce Ltd, Khulna v Kunja Behari Kar [1944] 6 FCR 370 471, 474
Bankipur Club Ltd v CIT (1972) 4 SCC 386 370
Banomali Behera v Markanda Mahapatra AIR 1961 Ori 205 276
Bar Council of Uttar Pradesh v State of Uttar Pradesh (1973) 1 SCC 261 481
Baragur Ramchandrappa v State of Karnataka (2007) 5 SCC 11 822, 823
Barium Chemicals Ltd v Company Law Board AIR 1967 SC 295 624
Baroda Cotton Co v Andhra Pradesh State Federation of Cooperative Spinning Mills Ltd AIR 1991 AP 320 591
Basavva Kom Dyamangouda Patil v State of Mysore (1977) 4 SCC 358 994, 995, 1000
Batou v State Of Nagaland (2006) 1 GLR 382 571
Begulla Bappi Raju v State of Andhra Pradesh (1984) 1 SCC 66 139
Behera v DRM East Coast Railway AIR 2012 Ori 62 689
Bengal Immunity Company Limited v The State of Bihar AIR 1955 SC 661 338, 533
Bennett Coleman & Co v Union of India (1972) 2 SCC 788 582, 657, 820
Bhagathram Rajeevkumar v Commissioner of Sales Tax (1995) Supp (1) SCC 673 497, 498
Bhagirathsinh v State of Gujarat (1984) 1 SCC 284 811
Bhagwat Dayal v Union of India AIR 1959 P&H 544 957
Bhagwat Singh Bahadur v State of Rajasthan AIR 1964 SC 444 481
Bhanumathi v State of Uttar Pradesh (2010) 12 SCC 1 567
Bharat Bank Ltd v Employees AIR 1950 SC 188 371
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd v Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (2014) 3 SCC 222 407
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd v Union of India (2006) 3 SCC 1, 530
Bharati Tamang v Union of India (2013) 15 SCC 578 677
Bharti Airtel Ltd v State of Karnataka ILR 2011 Karnataka 2859 531
Bharti Telemedia Ltd v Govt of NCT of Delhi [2011] 182 DLT 665 (Delhi High Court) 475
Bhau Ram v Baijnath Singh AIR 1962 SC 1476 608
Bhavani River—Sakthi Sugars Ltd (1998) 2 SCC 601 673
Bhawani Cotton Mills Ltd v State of Punjab AIR 1967 SC 1616 481
Bhikaji Narain Dhakras v State of Madhya Pradesh AIR 1955 SC 781 598
Bhim Singh v State of Jammu and Kashmir (1984) Supp SCC 504, (1985) 4 SCC 677 676, 687, 996
Bhim Singh v Union of India (2010) 5 SCC 538 303, 521, 537, 538, 571, 652
Bhuri Nath v State of Jammu and Kashmir (1997) 2 SCC 745 893
Bhut Nath Mete v State of West Bengal (1974) 1 SCC 645 625
Bidhannagar (Salt Lake) Welfare Assn v Central Valuation Board (2007) 6 SCC 668 435
Bihar Eastern Gangetic Fishermen Co-operative Society Ltd v Sipahi Singh (1977) 4 SCC 145 971, 972, 973
Biharilal Dobray v Roshan Lal Dobray (1984) 1 SCC 551 276
Bijili Cotton Mills (P) Ltd v Presiding Officer, Industrial Tribunal II (1972) 1 SCC 840 624
Bijoe Emmanuel v State of Kerala (1986) 3 SCC 615 815, 817
Bikas Chatterjee v Union of India (2004) 7 SCC 634 323
Bimal Chandra Banerjee v State of Madhya Pradesh (1970) 2 SCC 467 259, 576
Biman Krishna Bose v United India Insurance Co Ltd (2001) 6 SCC 477 590, 592, 593
Bira Kishore Mohanty v State of Orissa AIR 1975 Ori 8 536
Bishandayal and Sons v State of Orissa (2001) 1 SCC 555 970
Biswanath Bhattacharya v Union of India (2014) 4 SCC 392 801
Board of Control for Cricket in India v Cricket Association of Bihar (2015) 3 SCC 251 617
Bobby Art International v Om Pal Singh Hoon (1996) 4 SCC 1 830
Bombay Dyeing & Mfg Co Ltd v Bombay Environment Action Group (2006) 3 SCC 434 435
Bombay Dyeing & Manufacturing Co Ltd v State of Bombay AIR 1958 SC 328
Bombay Dyeing & Mfg Co Ltd v Bombay Environmental Action Group (2006) 1 SCC 586 678
Bondu Ramaswamy v Bangalore Development Authority (2010) 7 SCC 129 575
Bonkya v State of Maharashtra (1995) 6 SCC 447 381
BP Singhal v Union of India (2010) 6 SCC 331 91, 313, 624
BR Kapoor v State of Tamil Nadu (2001) 7 SCC 231 314–15, 623
Brahm Dutt v Union of India (2005) 2 SCC 431 396, 403
Bramchari Sidheshwar Shai v State of West Bengal (1995) 4 SCC 646 896
Brij Bhushan v State of Delhi AIR 1950 SC 129 825, 826
Brij Mohan Lal v Union of India (2007) 15 SCC 614 268
Brij Mohan Lal v Union of India (2012) 6 SCC 502 268, 344
Brundaban Nayak v Election Commission of India AIR 1965 SC 1892 288
BS Minhas v Indian Statistical Institute (1983) 4 SCC 582 590
BS Vadera v Union of India AIR 1969 SC 118 1008
BS Yadav v State of Haryana (1980) Supp SCC 524 1008
Budansa Rowther v Fatima Bibi AIR 1914 Mad 192 907
Budhan Choudhry v State of Bihar AIR 1955 SC 191 745, 791
C Masilamani Mudaliar v Idol of Sri Swaminathaswami Thirukoil (1996) 8 SCC 525 913
C Ravichandran Iyer v Justice AM Bhattacharjee (1995) 5 SCC 457 364, 365
C Sankaranarayanan v State of Kerala (1971) 2 SCC 361 1009
Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal, Re (1993) Supp (1) SCC 96 507, 511, 512, 515, 517, 518
CBI v Keshub Mahindra (2011) 6 SCC 216 380
Central Bank v Ram Narain AIR 1955 SC 36 167, 168, 169
Central Bank Retirees’ Association v Union of India (2006) 1 SCC 497 616
Central Board of Dawoodi Bohra Community v State of Maharashtra (2005) 2 SCC 673 339, 492
Central Bureau of Investigation v Keshub Mahindra (2011) 6 SCC 216 597
Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha v Dhobei Sahoo (2014) 1 SCC 161 623
Central Inland Water Transport Corp v Brojo Nath Ganguly (1986) 3 SCC 156 587, 594
Central Provinces and Berar Sales of Motor Spirit and Lubricants Taxation Act 1938, Re (1939) 1 FCR 18 491
Centre for Public Interest Litigation v Union of India (2000) 8 SCC 606 675, 979
Centre for Public Interest Litigation v Union of India (2011) 4 SCC 1 447, 677
Centre for Public Interest Litigation v Union of India (2012) 3 SCC 1 268, 319, 374, 381, 677, 980, 981, 982, 983
Chain Singh v Mata Vaishno Devi Shrine Board (2004) 12 SCC 634 594
Chairman, All India Railway Recruitment Board v K Shyam Kumar (2010) 6 SCC 614 440
Chairman, Grid Corporation of Orissa Ltd v Sukamani Das (1999) 7 SCC 298 690
Chairman & MD, BPL Ltd v SP Gururaja (2003) 8 SCC 567 441
Chairman, Railway Board v Chandrima Das (2000) 2 SCC 465 687–9, 998, 999, 1000
Chairman, Railway Board v CR Rangadhamaiah (1997) 6 SCC 623 1008
Chakradhar v Sama Singha Service Cooperative Society AIR 1982 Ori 38 591
Challa Ramkonda Reddy v State of Andhra Pradesh AIR 1989 AP 235 996, 997
Chameli Singh v State of Uttar Pradesh (1996) 2 SCC 549 140, 666, 770
Chand Kumar v Union of India (1997) 40 DRJ 695 (DB) 573
Chander Mohan Khanna v National Council for Educational Research and Training (1991) 4 SCC 578 591
Chandi Prasad Chokhani v State of Bihar AIR 1961 SC 1708 370
Chandra Bhavan Boarding and Lodging v State of Mysore (1969) 3 SCC 84 650
Chandra Mohan v State of Uttar Pradesh AIR 1966 SC 1987 263
Chandramouleshwar Prasad v Patna High Court (1969) 3 SCC 36 352
Chanigappa v State of Karnataka (2000) 6 KLJ 163 573
Charan Lal Sahu v Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy (1978) 2 SCC 500 242
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Title: Juhannus-iltana
Laulunsekainen kansannäytelmä yhdessä näytöksessä

Author: Urho Wiljo Walakorpi

Release date: December 11, 2023 [eBook #72376]

Language: Finnish

Original publication: Hämeenlinna: Boman & Karlsson, 1904

Credits: Tapio Riikonen

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JUHANNUS-

ILTANA ***
JUHANNUS-ILTANA

Laulunsekainen kansannäytelmä yhdessä näytöksessä

Kirj.

URHO HAAPANEN [U. W. Walakorpi]

Hämeenlinnassa, Boman & Karlssonin kustannuksella, 1904.

Henkilöt:

Heikki.
Matti.
Eero.
Kustaa.
Kerttu.
Anni.
Katri.
Niemelä.
Taneli.
Kahvi-Leena.
Poikia ja tyttöjä.
 Metsäinen paikka. Perällä järvi ja sen takana metsiä ja vuoria.

On juhannus-ilta. Kylän nuorisoa karkeloimassa.

Taasen meill' on juhannus ja taasen riemut meillä. Vuoret,

laaksot kesä kattaa kukkaseppeleillä.

Laulaa linnut metsissä

ja vuorilla ne soittaa.
Kesän hellän lempi-aika
mielen aateloittaa.

Itsemme me koristamme
heinän helpeheillä,
kesä, kesä, riemun aika
onhan myöskin meillä.

Tullos kansa karkeloihin,

murehesi heitä!
Kesä kulkee kummuilla
ja sitoo seppeleitä.

Tullos kansa leikkihimme!

Pois on talven valta!
Laulut, kesän laulelmat ne
soipi kaikkialta.

(Kuuluu viulun ääntä. Piiri hajoaa).

Kerttu: Kas! jopa viulu soi.

Heikki: Tulossa on Taneli, se riemusilmä! Onhan se jotakin että

saamme jättää tämän piirileikin ja ruveta tanssimaan. Eikö niin,
tytöt? Onhan se hauskempaa kun tämä "savikraanan" vääntäminen?

Anni: No tietysti!

Eero: Mutta kylläpä ne kenkäparat kuluvat! Lieneekö huomen

aamulla Annillakaan kengistänsä muuta jäljellä kun varret.

Anni: Eipä väliä. Onpa suutari kylässä, viedään sinne.

(Viulun ääni lähenee)

Kerttu: Kas, jopa Taneli on täällä!

Matti: Täällä hän on ja ilon ja riemun hän mukanaan on tuonut.

Tuntuupa jo elämäkin aivan toisellaiselta!

Taneli (Tulee soittaen viululla): Kas niin! Täälläpä lieneekin koossa

tämän kylän nuoret. No, no onneksi olkoon! Ja onko sitten ihme!
Onhan nyt, ellei tuo muistini aivan petä — juhannus ja juhlapäivä.

Heikki: Juhannus on, kesän kaunoisin ilta. Ja riemuita aiommekin

illan kunniaksi.

Taneli: Onneksi olkoon! Mutta minne aiotte laittaa juhannuskokon

tai ettekö laitakaan?

Matti: Laitettu on jo kokkomme tuonne kalliolle ja suuripa onkin.

Eero: Ja koska se Tanelikin on nyt noin juhlatuulella, niin

voimmehan illan hauskuudeksi ja juhannuksen kunniaksi pistää
kalliolla pikku polkaksikin — eikö niin, tytöt?

Kerttu: Niin. Mitäpä se juhannus olisikaan ilman soittoa ja tanssia!

 Anni: Ja varsinkin sellaista soittoa, kun Tanelin soitikosta lähtee;
sehän mielen korkeuksiin kohottaa.

Heikki: Mitäpä me tässä turhia haastelemme! Onhan se jo

soittajan velvollisuuskin seuraa tehdä, mukanansa kone, joka vanhat
luo nuoriksi ja särkyneet sydämet ehjiksi loihtii. Sehän kuuluu
luonnollisesti asiaan.

Taneli: No, no, älkäähän nyt! Kukapa sitä nyt tällaiselta

herrasväeltä hennoisi mitään kieltää. Minne vaan silmänsä luokin,
niin kaikkialta näkee rukoilevia silmiä ja pyytäviä katseita. Teille
seuraa olen tekevä. Soittava olen niin että mäki kaikaa ja vaarat
vaskiset va pisevat ja olenpa soittava aamuun asti.

Kerttu: No tuonhan kaiken me jo edeltäkäsin arvasimmekin.

Taneli (Raappien korvaustaan): Mutta yksi asia painaa mieltäni.

Mieli on miehellä musta ja kieli kuivinta kuivempi. Suottehan tekin
minulle hiukkasen iloa, kun minäkin teille suon?

Matti: No tietysti, jos vaan siihen antiin pystymme.

Taneli: Eipä tarvita pystymistä paljon. Annatte vaan pari tilkkasta

sydämen tippoja, mieleni murheisen lohdutukseksi. Silloin vasta voin
soittaa ja polkkia vedellä. Eikö niin, hyvä herrasväki, onhan se
oikeus ja kohtuus?

Heikki: Mutta sanoittehan eilen — ellen väärin muista — että

heitätte hiiden hinkaloon kaikki väkijuomat ja sen semmoiset ja
rupeatte todelliseksi raittiusmieheksi.

Taneli (Miettien): Sanoinko niin? No juutas! Teinpä nyt hullun

lupauksen. Olisihan tuo vähän niinkuin mieltä murheista virkistänyt.
 Heikki: Iloinen on mies, kaipaisiko iloa parempaa! Ja mitä ne
väkijuomat sitten mieltä virkistäisi? Mitäpä ne muuta tuovat, kuin
kurjuutta, tuskaa ja turmiota.

Taneli: Taitaapa se niinkin olla. Mutta hiisi vieköön, olisihan se

sentään mieltäni riemuisaksi luonut. Täytynee kai sitä sitten
kohtaloonsa tyytyä.

Niemelä (Tulee).

Taneli: No kas, onhan täällä Niemeläkin. Terve mieheen!

Niemelä: Jumal'antakoon! (Kättelevät.) Täälläpä onkin väkeä:

nuoria ja onhan täällä vanhempiakin, enemmän kuin jouluaamuna
kirkossa. — Mutta, Taneli, näytäthän kovin murheiselta, mikä on
miehelle tullu?

Taneli: Pyysinhän vaan-näiltä nuorilta pari tilkkaa sydämen tippoja,

mutta…

Niemelä: Eivätkö juuttaat antaneet?

Taneli: Eivät antaneet. Senpätähden mieleni murhei

Niemelä: Huoli pois! Ehkäpä toisella kerralla käy paremmin. — No

nuoret, joko pian aiotte panna kon palamaan?

Eero: Kohta, isäntä, kohta. Tänä iltana aiomme pitää iloa.

Niemelä: Oikein lausuttu, poika, oikein. Silloin tuleekin riemuita,

kun siihen vielä on syytä; kun vielä täydellä sydämellä riemuita voisi.
Ja sitä voi tehdä ainoastaan silloin, kun miehellä on nuoruus
rinnassaan ja suonet kaikki tulena tykkii. Pian saapuu vanhuus,
nuoruuden kevät vierii ja kylmiksi tulevat tunteet riemuja kohtaan.
Riemuitkaa, nuoret, riemuitkaa ja tauvottuanne taas alkakaa, sillä
emmehän nuoruus-ajan riemuja katumaan tule!

Kerttu: No ehkäpä tekin isäntä, vielä muutamia polkkia

pyöräytätte? Ettehän nyt vielä niin vanha ole.

Niemelä: Hm, vanhaksi alkaa käydä mies. Eipä liene minusta enää
nuorison karkeloihin.

(Panee tupakkia piippuunsa ja tarjoaa Tanelille).

Niemelä: No, Taneli, piiput suihin!

Taneli: Kiitos, kiitos. (Tekee samoin).

Niemelä:

No Taneli kai sitä taas tänä iltana nuorille vinguttelee?

Taneli: Ovathan ne minua siihen pyytäneet. Ja miksi en sitten

soittaisi, miksi en toisillekin riemua soisi! Lehdissä ovat puut, kirkas
on taivas, linnut joka lehvällä lemmestä laulaa. Mitäpä me
surisimme, mitä miettisimme? Suruihin ei ole aikaa meillä!

Eero: Siispä kannel soikoon ja vierköön virsi, niin että korvet

kumajavat ja vaarat vaskiset tulta iskevät!

Taneli: Niin laulakaamme. Täysin rinnoin laulakaamme Suomen

suloa ja suvi-illan kauneutta!

Kaikki (Laulavat):
 Honkain keskellä mökkini seisoo
Suomeni soreassa salossa.
Honkain välistä siintävä selkä
vilkkuvi koittehen valossa.
Hoi laarilaarilaa, hoi laarilaarilaa
Kaikuu mun suloinen Suomeni maa!

Omanpa henkeni ieltä ne puhuu honkain humina ja luonto

muu. Itse en sydäntän' hillitä taida, riemusta soikohon raikas
suu: hoi laarilaarilaa, hoi laarilaarilaa kaikuu mun suloinen
Suomeni maa.

Eero: Ja nyt pojat kalliolle! Kokko palamaan ennenkuin yö tulee.

Heikki: Sen teemme. Eteenpäin mars! Mutta viulu soimaan, Taneli,

niin keveämpää on kulku.

(Kaikki menevät. Taneli edellä soittaen marssia).

Katri (Tulee laulaen vastaiselta suunnalta vähän ajan kuluttua):

On tuoksussa tuomet ja luonto niin uinuvi hiljaisna. Mulla

raukalla mieli on musta ja sieluni raukea.

On kaikilla rinta se puhdas,

ja mieli on riemuinen.
Mä raukka en riemua tunne
ja tunne mä onnea en.

Joka lehvällä lemmestä linnut

ne laulavat riemuissaan,
joka rinta on nuoruutta täynnä
ja onnea, onnea vaan.
 En näitä tunne ma kurja,
mä rqukkq ja poloinen,
vain lemmettömyydessä kuljen
ja yössä mä haaveilen.

Tule lintu, sa riemukas rintaa, sä laulaja riemuinen, pois

kauaksi tuskani kanna taa vuorien korkeiden!

Kustaa (On laulun aikana tullut ja rientää nyt esiin): Etkö

todellakaan riemua tunne, kun noin surullisesii laulelet?

Katri: Kustaa! No pilvistäkö sinäkin putosil? Enpä olisi

laulanutkaan, jos tietänyt olisin, ken on mulla kuuntelijana.

Kustaa: Siis onni minulle, ettet tietänyt, sillä aamurunkoiton tavoin

valaisi laulusi sydäntäni.

Katri: Todellako! No sepä hyvä. Sinulla on kai siis jotakin

surtavaa?

Kustaa: No onhan sitä. — Mutta sinä et voi todellakaan arvata,

minkälaisen vaikutuksen laulusi teki.

Katri: Älähän nyt aina kiittele. Sehän tuntuu niin jokapäiväiseltä.

Siitä tulee sinun lakata.

Kustaa: Lakatako? Sepä tuntuu vaikealta, sillä parastahan sitä

aina kiitellään. Ja tiedänhän minä aivan hyvirn, että sinä olet parhain
tyttö koko kylässä.

Katri: No jopa nyt jotakin.

 Kustaa: Ja jos sinä edes hetkeksikin matkustaisit jonnekin pois,
niin arvaapas mitä tekisin silloin minä?

Katri: No?

Kustaa: Minä todellakin seuraisin sinua, vaikka maailman ääriin

mä seuraisin.

Katri: Ja miksi juuri minun perässäni? Ja ellenpä huolisikaan sinun

seurastasi, mitäpä tekisit silloin?

Kustaa: Et huolisikaan. Mitä vielä! Tiedänhän minä aivan hyvin,

että seurastani huolisit. — Ja sitten, Katri, olen ajatellut, arvaas
mitä?

Katri: No sanoppa!

Kustaa: Olen ajatellut, että koska meitä nyt on kaksi… (Tarttuu

hänen käteensä.) Niin, Katri, pidäthän sinä minusta?

Katri: Mutta tiedäthän sinä…

Kustaa: Niin tiedänhän minä. (Syleilee häntä.) Kas tuonne

hongikkoon, joka tuolla vuorella lepää, me majamme rakennamme.
Siellä kaksin raadamme ja kärsimme, eikö niin?

Katri: Niin, niin, siellä monta, monta vuotta onnessa elämme. Sepä
vasta tulee olemaan ihanaa.

Kustaa: Ihanaa tulee se olemaan, taivaallista, Katri!

Katri: Mutta katsohan, tuolla maantiellä tulee Kahvi-Leenakin

reppuineen. Mikäpä tuuli hänetkin tänne toi?
 Kustaa: Se iloinen sielu! Mitäpä lienee taasen eukolla
kerrottavana.

Kahvi-Leena (Tulee mytty kädessä): Siis vihdoin olen täällä. —

Päivää, Katri, niin Katrihan sinä olet, vai muistiniko pettää? Ja tuossa
toinen. No Kustaahan se onkin. Terveisiä kaupungista!

Katri: Onhan se Leenakin jälleen kotipaikkoihinsa osannut?

Leena: Olenhan minä, olenhan minä. Ei viihdy lintukaan vieraalla

maalla saatikka sitten ihminen. — No. Kuinka sitä nyt on täällä päin
voitu?

Katri: Aina vaan kuten ennenkin. Ei ole tapahtunut mitään

kummempaa. Mutta mitenkäs se Leena on itse voinut?

Leena: Herra parantakoon! Onhan se ollut väliin niin ja väliin näin.

Väliin on ollut murhetta, väliin taas iloakin. Palveluksessa olin
kaupungissa kahdessakin paikassa. Kumpikaan paikka ei nyt niin
kehuttava ollut, mutta menihän se sentään, menihän se. (Huokaisee
syvään).

Katri: Ja mikä nyt sitten päähänne pisti, että jätitte toimenne ja

lähditte tänne tallustamaan?

Leena: Mikäkö päähäni pisti? Kysytkin vielä. Sanoinhan jo, että

kaipaahan sitä lintukin kotimaitaan saatikka sitte ihminen. Tahdoin
taasen nähdä näitä järviä ja vuoria, kuunnella syntymäseutuni
honkien huminaa ja tavata entisiä tuttavia. — Mutta voi herran terttu,
miten sinustakin on tullut pitkä tyttö!

Katri: Ja onko sitte ihme? Johan pari vuotta tulee siitä kun minut
viimeksi näitte.
 Leena: Niin — pian kulkee aika. Mutta minäpä vaivainen olen tullut
tuolla kaupungissa kymmentä vuotta vanhemmaksi.

Katri: Ette ensinkään. Punoittaahan poskennekin kuin mansikat

aholla.

Leena: Ei ole minullakaan kuin oli ennen. Vanhaksi alkaa käydä jo

ihminen, enkä tiedä, millä leipänsä irti saisi.

Kustaa: No siihen tiedän kyllä keinon: teidän pitää hankkia

itsellenne kelvollinen sulhanen ja mennä vakavaan liittoon. Onhan se
elämäkin silloin vakavampaa ja hauskempaa.

Leena: Ahah, Kustaa, se entinen pilkkakirves. Enpä muistanut

sinua ollenkaan, kun tämän Katrin kanssa touhusin. Onpa sinustakin
tullut jo aika mies, uljas ja pulska. Sinun kyllä kannattaa naimaan
mennä, sillä saathan sinä morsiamia viisi joka sormelle.

Kustaa: Onpa se Leena nyt oikein antelias. Mutta ellenpä enää

tarvitsisi yhtäkään?

Leena: Ahaa, nyt minä ymmärrän. Tämä Katri on sinun

morsiamesi. No ilmankos se muotokin loistaa ja paistaa kuin
Naantalin aurinko.

Kustaa: Oikeinpa arvasitte. — Mutta teille täytyy minun myös

ruveta touhuamaan kumppania tälle elämän ohdakkeiselle -polulle.
Miekkonen vaan on se mies, joka saa teidänlaisenne emännän.

Leena: Hm. Mitäpä me vanhat sulhasista! (Valoa virtaa

näyttämölle.) Kas, jopa juhannustuletkin palavat!
 Katri: Ehkä lienee parasta mennä katsomaan, ennenkuin'
sammuu. Siellähän tekin Leena, tapaatte tuttavianne.

Leena: Mennään, mennään. (Menevät. — Nuorison lanlua

kuuluu):

Olet maamme armahin Suomenmaa ihanuuksien ihmemaa.

joka niemen notkohon, saarelmaan kodin tahtoisin nostattaa.

Kodin ympäri viljavat vainiot

kalarantoja kaunistais',
jalon kansan kuntoa laulelmat
yli aaltojen kuljettais!

Kaikk', kaikk' ylös yhtenä miehenä nyt

Suomen onnea valvomaan.
Hetken työt tuhat vuosihin vaikuttaa
isänmaahan ja maailmaan!

Taneli (Tulee laulaen):

Minäpä se olen soittoniekka ja mun on lysti olla. Hei illalla

minä laulan vaan, että mun on lysti olla!

Ystävä yksi on mulla vain,

mutta se ystävä parhain,
hei illalla minä laulan vaan,
että se mulla on parhain!

Viuluni, viuluni, soitikkoin,

kruunuihin ma en vaihda,
hei illalla minä laulan vaan,
että kruunuihin en vaihda!
 Soittaja mie olen — soitan siis!
Kaipaisinko mä muuta?
Hei illalla minä laulan vaan,
että kaipaisinko mä muuta!

Leena (On tullut laulun aikana ja tarkastellut Tanelia. Rientää

esiin):

No päivää! Vieläkö muistat sitä Mäkipään Leenaa, joka sullekin

monta kahvikuppia keitti?

Taneli: Ka Leena! No mikä tuuli sinutkin tänne toi?

Leena: Miksikäkö? kysyy jokainen, Kaipaus ja murhe, mikäs muu.

Taneli: No ethän hitossa vaan minua kaivannut?

Leena: Sinuako? No aina vähän.

Taneli: Todellako! Sepä hyvä, sillä jos minäkin toden sanon, niin
olenpa totta tosiaan vähän kaiholla muistellut sinua. Olihan se silloin
edes jotakin, kun sai kunnollista kahvia, sillä sinähän ne parhaimmat
kahvit keitit koko kylässä. Mutta näinä aikoina on se ollut vähän niin
ja näin.

Leena: Onpa se hyvä, että edes joltakin saa kiitosta töistään. —

Niin… kyllähän se ikävää oli kaupungissa.

Taneli: Onhan se ikävää tällainen kulkurielämä kaikkialla. Toistapa

se olisikin naineena miehenä!

Leena (Kielitellen): Olisihan se, olisihan se! Ei tarvitsisi minunkaan

näin pitkin kyliä renkutella. Mutta herra parantakoon! Kai sitä täytyy
lopun ikänsäkin kulkurina olla. Niin. Mitäpä sille kohtalolleen taitaa.

Taneli (Hymyillen): Mutta kuuleppas, Leena… niin eihän se niin

kummallista olisi. Onhan minulla pirtti tuolla salossa, muut tarpeet
sitten kyllä voisimme hankkia… että…

Leena (Nypistellen helmojaan ja muuten touhuavana) Että…

Taneli: Että mekin, Leena, käytäisi niinkuin samaan puulaakiin…

Leena (Paukuttaen käsiään): Mutta herranjesta! ajattelethan sinä

aivan niinkuin minäkin. Eihän minulla tuota mitään vastaan ole.

Taneli: Siis ei muuta kun kättä päälle! (Tarttuu hänen käteensä).

Leena: No kukapa sitä nyt olisi uskonut, että näin pian joutuu
tekemisiin miesten kanssa. Niinhän se on tässä maailmassa, ettei
sitä ihminen tiedä kohtaloaan.

Taneli; Ja tänä iltana pidämme kihlajaisemme, eikö niin, Leena

armas?

Leena (Taputellen häntä aika ajoin): Kuten vaan tahdot.

Taneli Ja ensi pyhänä kuulutetaan ensi kerran kirkossa ja kolmen

viikon päästä pidämme häämme.

Leena: Aivan niin, Taneli.

Leena: Aivan niin, Taneli.

Taneli: Ja sitten jätän tämän kulkurielämäni, ja muutamme

asumaan minun pieneen pirttiini. Siellä sitten kaksin puuhailemme.
Hauskaa tulee olemaan elämämme, Leena.

Leena: No arvaahan sen, no arvaahan sen!

Taneli: Ja sitten kun saamme pojan…

Leena (Kyynelissä): Ja sitten kun saamme pojan…

Taneli: Niin hän tekee työtä ja me saamme levätä.

Leena: Kukapa sitä olisi uskonut! Eihän olisi eilen voinut arvata!

(Nuorisoa tulee).

Heikki: No tännekö se soittoniekkamme on tullutkin? Ja mitä minä

näen! Niinkuin näette, pojat, on hän kihlannut Kahvi-Leenan!

Taneli: Niin todellakin. Minä teille morsiameni esittää saan.

Eero: Kas niin, Taneli, niinhän sitä miehet tekee! Saammehan tänä
iltana siis viettää kahden parin kihlajaisia, sillä niinkuin tiedän, on
myös Kustaa aviosiipan valinnut.

Kustaa: Niin… minä myös morsiameni esitän.

Taneli: Vai Kustaa ja Katri. No, Kustaa, sinä siis myös avioliiton
tärkeyden tajusit?

Kustaa: Minä tajusin sen.

Heikki: No, mitä muuta sitten, kun peli soimaan ja soitto

helisemään, sillä harvoinhan sitä tällaista juhannusta on, että vallan
kahden parin kihlajaisia vietetään.
 Taneli: Tosin tuntuu vähän oudolta olla soittoniekkana omissa
kihlajaisissaan, mutta koitetaanhan nyt sitäkin.

Kustaa: Ja onhan täällä muitakin, jotka sitä taitoa osaavat, he

saavat vingutella väli-ajoilla.

Eero: Siis kaikki hyvin. Mutta ensin laulamme laulun kihlattujen

onneksi ja juhannus-illan kunniaksi. Sehän kuuluu asiaan.

Taneli: Ja sitten soikoon viuluni niin, ett» kallio kaikaa ja maa

tärisee ja se soikoon aamuun asti!

Heikki: Ja nyt laulumme kalkukoon, korkealle kohotkoon jokaisen

rinnasta laulu Suomen suloudelle, ihanalle juhannus-illalle ja
kihlattujen onnelle!

Kalkki (laulavat):

Oi terve Pohjola Islllnune onnela, voimamme, henkemme

sinulle uhroamme!

Oi terve vapaus. sä kansain ihanuus! Eipä ken orjuuteen

voi syöstä poikiamme!

Terve, terve, terve sa Suomenmaa!

Taneli: Nyt, pojat, kalliolle! Siellä se vasta ilo alkaa! (Kaikki

menevät. Leena astuu Tanelin vierelle, Katri Kustaan. Taneli on
joukossa ensimäisena ja soittaa Porilaisten maissia).

Esirippu laskee.