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    Taline Arzoumanian
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    Linking words

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    6 views5 pages

    Linking Words

    Uploaded by

    Taline Arzoumanian

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Linking/transition words: Things you need to know...

    Below are some ideas to help you to develop your structure and flow.

     Linking / transition words and phrases join ideas, sentences and paragraphs together. They
    should be used within sentences and to move from one idea to another (between sentences).

    These words and phrases indicate the direction, order and flow of ideas. Significantly, they strengthen
    the quality and structure of your work.

     Redundant Words - less is more. Particularly when trying to reduce the word count, it is
    important to look for phrases which can be replaced with a single word.

    1. Linking/Transition Words

    Transitions link one main idea to another separated by a semi-colon or full-stop. When the transition
    word is at the beginning of the sentence, it should be followed by a comma:

    Among other functions, they can signal cause and effect or sequencing (see examples in the table
    below).

    additionally; also; moreover; furthermore; again; further; then;


    Additional
    comments or besides; too; similarly;
    ideas
    correspondingly; indeed; regarding.

    whereas; conversely; in comparison; by contrast; another view is…;


    Alternatives
    alternatively; although; otherwise; instead.

    therefore; accordingly; as a result of; the result is/results are; the consequence is;

    resulting from;
    Analyzing
    consequently; it can be seen; evidence illustrates that; because of this; thus; hence; for this reason;
    results
    owing to x; this suggests that; it follows that; otherwise; in that case; that implies;

    Author (year) suggests that;

    Cause / as a result of; because (mid-sentence only)


    Reason

    Compare compared with; in the same way; likewise,


    Contrast by contrast; although; compared with; conversely; despite; however, nevertheless; yet

    Effect / Result As a result; therefore; thus

    Emphasizing however; nonetheless; furthermore; in the final analysis; despite x; notwithstanding x;


    earlier
    in spite of x; while x may be true, nonetheless
    statements
    although; though; after all; at the same time; even if x is true; count

    Introducing for example; for instance; namely; such as; as follows; as exemplified by; such as; including;
    examples
    especially; particularly; in particular; notably; mainly;

    Re-phrasing in other terms; rather; or; better; in view of this; in contrast

    first (ly); second (ly); third (ly); another; additionally; finally; moreover; also;
    Sequencing
    subsequently; eventually; next; then

    Summary or in conclusion; therefore; to conclude; on the whole; hence; thus; to summarize; altogether;
    Conclusion
    overall; …following the research of…after analysis

    2. Linking words: conjunctions

    Linking words within a sentence are referred to as coordinating conjunctions. Do not worry about the
    term: think about the function.

    Conjunction Function

    for connects a reason to a result

    and connects equal and similar ideas

    nor connects two negative ideas


    but connects equal but different ideas

    or connects two equal choices

    yet connects equal and contrasting ideas

    so connects a result to a reason

    Conciseness / redundant

    Examples: try to replace phrases with a single words which mean the same.

    Instead of ... Use ...

    employed the use of used

    basic fundamentals fundamentals

    alternative choices alternatives

    in as few words as possible concisely

    look into investigate

    put on gained

    turned down rejected

    got better improved

    hit and miss erratic

    in spite of although
    Linking words

    Academic writing usually deals with complex ideas. To enable the reader to follow your thoughts, they
    need to be clearly and smoothly linked. To join ideas and sentences, we use a number of connecting
    words and phrases. For example:

    ADDITION To add an idea

    Additionally, and, also, apart from this, as well (as), in addition, moreover, further, furthermore.

    CONDITION to provide a condition

    If, in that case, provided that, unless.

    FOR COMPARISON To show how things are similar

    Correspondingly, equally, for the same reason, in a similar manner, in comparison, in the same way, on
    the one hand, similarly.

    FOR CONTRAST To show how things are different

    Alternatively, although, but, conversely, despite, even so, even though, however, in contrast, in spite of,
    instead, on the contrary, contrary to, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, on the other hand,
    rather, still, though, yet, whereas, while.

    FOR EMPHASIS To put forward an idea more forcefully

    Again, in fact, interestingly, indeed, it should be noted (that), more important(ly), most importantly, to
    repeat, (un)fortunately, unquestionably.

    FOR ILLUSTRATION To provide examples

    A further instance of this is..., an example of this is…, for example, for instance, such as, thus, as follows.

    FOR RESTATEMENT For rephrasing statements

    In other words, more simply, namely, simply put, to put it differently / another way, such as, that is.

    THE CAUSE OF THINGS To attribute the reasons for something occurring

    A / the consequence of, because, due to, for, the effect of …, since, the result of …

    THE EFFECT OF THINGS To show the effect of something


    Accordingly, as a result/consequence, consequently, for this reason, hence, so, therefore, thus.

    FOR CONCESSION / QUALIFICATION Conceding something

    Admittedly, although, clearly though, even though, however, indeed, obviously.

    GENERALISATION Making a general statement

    As a rule, for the most part, generally, in general, in most cases, normally, on the whole, usually.

    TIME ORDER To indicate a chronological sequence

    First, second, third (etc), next, before, earlier, finally, following, given the above, later, meanwhile,
    subsequently, then, to conclude, while.

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