Module 1 - Unnikuttan S
Module 1 - Unnikuttan S
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REFERENCE BOOKS
Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering by B. N. Dutta
Chinnasamy
MODULE - I
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CONTENTS OF THE MODULE
Introduction- Quantity Surveying- Basic principles, Role/responsibility of Quantity
surveyor at various stages of construction
Estimate-Details required, Type of estimate, purposes.
Contingencies, Work-charge establishment, Tools and Plant, centage charge, Day work,
Prime cost, Provisional sum & provisional Quantity, Overhead charges, Cost index,
Contract documents (Brief description only)
Bill of Quantity -Typical format-use
Item of works- Identify various item of work from the drawings-units of measurement
of various materials and works.
General rule & method of measurement with reference to Indian Standard
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Specifications- IS1200.
QUANTITY SURVEYING
Quantity surveying is the technique of calculating or
Computing the various quantities and the expected
Expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project.
In case the funds available are less than the estimated cost the work
is done in part or by reducing it or specifications are altered.
The following requirement are necessary for preparing an estimate.
Simple to understand
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Accuracy is very important
Reason for Exceeding the Estimate are:
Omission of items
Changes in design
Improper rates 12
Rates in the estimate consist of:
Cost of materials
Cost of transport
Cost of labour
Cost of scaffolding
Cost of tools and plants
Cost of water
Taxes
Actual cost should not differ much from the estimated cost. 16
TYPES OF ESTIMATES
Preliminary or Approximate Estimate
Plinth Area Estimate
Cube Rate Estimate
Approximate Quantity Method Estimate
Detailed Estimate
Revised Estimate
Supplementary Estimate
Supplementary and Revised Estimate
Annual Repair or Maintenance Estimate 17
Complete Estimate
PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE
[Approximate Estimate/ Abstract Estimate/ Rough Cost Estimate]
Cost of land, cost of each building, cost of roads, water supply and
sanitary works, electrification, etc. are required to be calculated
and shown separately.
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PRELIMINARY ESTIMATE
Accompanied by a brief report explaining the necessity and
utility of the project and showing how the cost of separate
items have been arrived at.
Eg:
What is the
approximate cost What is the
of a hostel approximate cost
building for 100 for a 10km state
students @ Rs. highway @
10000 per Rs.500000 per
student? km?
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PLINTH AREA ESTIMATE
Also called P. A. Estimate.
For foundations:
Excavation
Foundation
Wood works
Concreting, etc.
Accurate estimate
Done in 2 stages
Details of measurements and calculation of quantities
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Abstract of estimated cost
DETAILED ESTIMATE
Details of measurements and calculation of quantities
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DETAILED ESTIMATE
Prepared for technical sanction of the competent authority, for
arranging contract and for the execution of work
Accompanied with:
Report
General specification
Detailed specifications
Drawings
Analysis of rates 28
REVISED ESTIMATE
Detailed estimate for revised quantities
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SUPPLEMENTARY & REVISED ESTIMATE
Prepared when both revised and supplementary estimate
is required
Cost of surveying
deeds
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CENTAGE CHARGE/ DEPARTMENTAL CHARGE
When the engineering department takes up the work of
other department, a percentage amount of 10 to 15 % of
the estimate cost is charged to meet the expenses of
establishment, designing, planning, supervision etc and this
percentage charge is known as Centage charge.
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DAY WORK
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PRIME COST
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PROVISIONAL SUM
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PROVISIONAL QUANTITY
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OVERHEAD CHARGES
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OVERHEAD CHARGES (CONTD..)
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COST INDEX
Cost index is a ratio of the cost of something today to its
cost at some time in the past.
As such, it is a tool which can be used to estimate the
cost of things today based on their cost some time ago
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CONTRACT DOCUMENT
Before the work is given out on contract, an agreement or bond is prepared.
The following documents shall be attached.
Each page shall be the signature of the contractor and the accepting authority and
all corrections shall be similarly initiated.
1. Title page
2. Index page
3. Tender notice
4. Tender form
5. Bill of quantities
6. Schedule of issue of materials
7. General specifications
8. Detailed specifications
9. Drawings
10. Conditions of contract.
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BILL OF QUANTITY (BOQ)
It is a statement of the various items of work giving the
description, quantities and unit of rates. It is prepared in a
tabular form similar to the „Abstract of estimated cost‟ of the
detailed estimate, but the rate and amount columns are left
blank.
When priced, that is rates and the amounts are filled up and
totalled, this gives the estimated cost.
It is primarily meant for inviting the tender and supplied
to the contractor to fill up the rates and amounts columns.
On receipt of tenders the rates and amounts are compared
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and decision about entrusting the work is finalized.
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MEASUREMENT OF
VARIOUS ITEMS OF
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WORKS
GENERAL RULES –IS 1200
IS 1200 - Measurement of Building and Civil Engineering Works has
total 28 separate parts which contains single copy for every item.
These all standard codes cover the important information about the
measurements and deductions of building and civil engineering works.
Each item shall be fully described and shall include
whenever necessary all materials, transport, unloading,
stacking, storing waste, handling, return of packing,
necessary scaffolding, safety appliances, all labour
required for finishing to its shape, size, setting, fitting
and fixing in position, cutting, waste and all other
incidental operations where necessary.
In booking dimensions, the order shall be in the sequence of 53
length, breadth or width and height or depth or thickness.
GENERAL RULES – IS 1200
All
work shall be measured, subjected to the following tolerances
unless otherwise stated:
Dimension shall be measured to the nearest 0.01m
Area shall be measured to the nearest 0.01m2
Volume shall be measured to the nearest 0.01m3
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GENERAL RULES – IS 1200
Same type of work under different conditions and nature like work
in liquid mud, work in snow, work under tide, etc. shall be
measured separately under separate items.
In
case of structural concrete, brick work or stone masonry, the
work under the following categories shall be measured separately
and the heights shall be described:
From foundation to plinth level,
From plinth level to first floor level,
From first floor level to second floor level.
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PRINCIPLES OF UNITS
Mass, voluminous and thick works shall be taken in cubic unit or
volume i.e, in m3
Long and thin works shall be taken in linear or running unit, and
linear measurement shall be taken in running m
number
MAIN ITEMS OF WORK
1. Earth work
2. Brick work
3. Stone masonry
4. Concrete works
5. Wood work
7. Roof covering
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8. Ceiling and lining works
MAIN ITEMS OF WORK
9. Paving and floor finishes
Works of different kinds of soils like, ordinary soil, hard soil, ordinary rock,
hard rock, etc. measured under separate items
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IS 1200-PART 1- EARTH WORK
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