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IDENTIDADES TRIGONOMÉTRICAS DIFERENCIALES INTEGRALES

1 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝑢
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 + 𝑐
csc 𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 −𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 𝑢
cos 𝜃 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛 – 𝜃 = −𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 𝑑 𝑎𝑢 = 𝑎𝑑𝑢
cot 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎 𝑑𝑢
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 𝑐𝑠𝑐 −𝜃 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 𝑑 𝑢 + 𝑣 = 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑑𝑣
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 = 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −𝜃 = −𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 𝑑 𝑢𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 𝑑𝑢
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑑𝑢 + 𝑑𝑣
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −𝜃 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 𝑢 𝑢′ 𝑣 − 𝑣′𝑢
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑐𝑠𝑐𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 𝑑 = 𝑢𝑛+1
𝑣 𝑣2 𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑢 = + 𝑐 (𝑛, ≠ −1)
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛼 cos 𝛽 + cos 𝛼 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛽 𝑠𝑒𝑛 2𝛼 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛼 cos 𝛼 𝑑𝑢 𝑛+1
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼 𝑑(𝑙𝑛 𝑢) = 𝑑𝑢
𝛼 1 − cos 𝛼 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝛼 = 𝑢
𝑠𝑒𝑛 = ± 2 𝑑 𝑒 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = ln 𝑢 + 𝑐
2 2 𝜋 𝑢
𝑠𝑒𝑛 − 𝑥 = cos(𝑥) 𝑑 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑛 𝑎 𝑑𝑢
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛼 − 𝛽 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛼 cos 𝛽 − cos 𝛼 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛽 2 𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑒 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑢 + 𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 cos 𝛽 − sen 𝛼 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛽 𝑑(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢) = −𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑎𝑢
1 + cos 2𝛼 𝛼 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑎𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = +𝑐
cos = ± 𝑑 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢 ln 𝑎
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 = 2 2
2 𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢
2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛼 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 − 𝛽 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 cos 𝛽 + sen 𝛼 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛽 𝑑(sec 𝑢) = sec 𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 cos 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 + 𝑐
1 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝛼 𝜋 𝑑(csc 𝑢) = − csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢𝑑𝑢
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑥 = sen(𝑥) 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = − cos 𝑢 + 𝑐
cos 2𝛼 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 − 1 2 𝑑𝑢
2
1 − tan 𝑥 𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 =
1 − 𝑢2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = tan 𝑢 + 𝑐
1 + tan2 𝑥 −𝑑𝑢
tan 𝛼 + tan 𝛽 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑢 =
tan(𝛼 + 𝛽) = tan 2𝛼 = 1 − 𝑢2 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = − cot 𝑢 + 𝑐
1 − tan 𝛼 tan 𝛽 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼 𝑑𝑢
1 − cos 2𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 − tan 𝛽 𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑢 =
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝛼 = tan(𝛼 − 𝛽) = 1 + 𝑢2 sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 + 𝑐
1 + cos 2𝛼 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 tan 𝛽 −𝑑𝑢
𝜋 𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑢 =
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑡𝑎𝑛 − 𝑥 = cot(𝑥) 1 + 𝑢2 csc 𝑢 cot 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = − csc 𝑢 + 𝑐
± 2 𝑑𝑢
𝛼 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 cot 𝜃 − tan 𝜃
tan = 𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
2 cot 2𝛼 = 𝑢 𝑢2 − 1 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 + 𝑐
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛼 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 2
= −𝑑𝑢 1 − 𝑢2
1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛼 𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢
1 1 𝑢 𝑢2 − 1 = −𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos 𝑢 + 𝑐
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛼 cos 𝛽 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛼 − 𝛽) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 sen 𝛽 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛼 + 𝛽 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝛼 − 𝛽) 1 − 𝑢2
2 2 𝑑𝑢
1 1 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan 𝑢 + 𝑐
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 cos 𝛽 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 + 𝛽 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 − 𝛽) 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛼 sen 𝛽 = − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 + 𝛽 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼 − 𝛽) 1 + 𝑢2
2 2 𝑑𝑢
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽 𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽 = −𝑎𝑟𝑐 cot 𝑢 + 𝑐
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛼 + sen 𝛽 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛼 − sen 𝛽 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛 1 + 𝑢2
2 2 2 2 𝑑𝑢 𝑎𝑟𝑐 sec 𝑢 + 𝑐; 𝑢 > 0
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽 𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 + cos 𝛽 = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼 − cos 𝛽 = −2𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 𝑢2 − 1 −𝑎𝑟𝑐 sec 𝑢 + 𝑐; 𝑢 < 0
2 2 2 2 −𝑑𝑢
𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠(cos 𝑥) = 𝑥 −𝑎𝑟𝑐 csc 𝑢 + 𝑐; 𝑢 > 0
=
𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan tan 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑡(cot 𝑥) = 𝑥 2
𝑢 𝑢 −1 𝑎𝑟𝑐 csc 𝑢 + 𝑐; 𝑢 < 0
𝑎𝑟𝑐 sec sec 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑠𝑐(csc 𝑥) = 𝑥
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OTRAS INTEGRALES INMEDIATAS ALGUNAS PROPIEDADES

ln sec 𝑢 + 𝑐 𝑢 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
tan 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑢 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑛 + 𝑐 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ 𝑥 =
− ln cos 𝑢 + 𝑐 = 𝑎 2
2 − 𝑢2 𝑢 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
cot 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ln 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑢 + 𝑐 𝑎 −𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑛 + 𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ 𝑥 =
𝑎 2
ln sec 𝑢 + tan 𝑢 + 𝑐 𝑑𝑢 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑥 𝑛
𝑢 𝜋 = ln 𝑢 + 𝑢 ± 𝑎2 + 𝑐
2
sec 𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢 2 ± 𝑎2 𝑙𝑛𝑛 𝑥 = ln 𝑥 𝑛
ln tan 𝑢 + +𝑐
2 4 1 𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑛 𝑥 = log 𝑥 𝑛
𝑑𝑢 𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan + 𝑐 log 𝑥 = log⁡|𝑥|
csc 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ln csc 𝑢 − cot 𝑢 + 𝑐 𝑎 𝑎
= 𝑎 𝑛 𝑎𝑛
𝑢 2 + 𝑎2 1 𝑢 = 𝑛
𝑠𝑒𝑛 ℎ𝑢𝑑𝑢 = cos ℎ𝑢 + 𝑐 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑡 + 𝑐 𝑏 𝑏
𝑎 𝑎 𝑛 𝑛 𝑚
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢−𝑎 𝑎𝑚 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚 = 𝑎
cos ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ℎ𝑢 + 𝑐 = ln +𝑐
𝑢2 − 𝑎2 2𝑎 𝑢+𝑎 SEAN a, b, c: bases; m, n NÚMEROS NATURALES
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢 𝑎 ± 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 ± 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ℎ𝑢𝑑𝑢 = ln |cos ℎ𝑢| + 𝑐 = ln +𝑐 𝑎 ± 𝑏 4 = 𝑎4 ± 4𝑎3 𝑏 + 6𝑎2 𝑏 2 ± 4𝑎𝑏 3 + 𝑏 4
𝑢 𝑎 ±𝑢 2 2 𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑎2 ± 𝑢 2
1 𝑢 𝑎2𝑛 − 𝑏 2𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 + 𝑏 𝑛 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑏 𝑛
cot ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ℎ𝑢 + 𝑐 𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos + 𝑐 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐
𝑑𝑢 𝑎 𝑎
= 𝑎 ± 𝑏 3 = 𝑎3 ± 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 𝑏 3
𝑠𝑒𝑐 ℎ𝑢𝑑𝑢 = arc tan ℎ(𝑠𝑒𝑛 ℎ𝑢) + 𝑐 𝑢 𝑢 −𝑎2 2 1 𝑢
𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑛 + 𝑐 𝑎3 ± 𝑏 3 = 𝑎 ± 𝑏 𝑎2 ∓ 𝑎𝑏 ± 𝑏 2
𝑎 𝑎
csc ℎ𝑢 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑎𝑟𝑐 cot ℎ (cos ℎ𝑢) + 𝑐 𝑢 𝑎2
𝑢2 ± 𝑎2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢2 ± 𝑎2 ± ln 𝑢 + 𝑢2 ± 𝑎2 + 𝑐 LOGARITMOS Y EXPONENCIALES
2 2
2 log(𝑥𝑦𝑧) = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑦 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑧
𝑢 𝑎 𝑢
𝑎2 − 𝑢 2 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎2 − 𝑢2 + 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑠𝑒𝑛 + 𝑐 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥
2 2 𝑎 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 1 = 0
𝑒 𝑎𝑢 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑢 − 𝑏 cos 𝑏𝑢
𝑎𝑢
𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑢𝑑𝑢 = +𝑐 ln 𝑒 = 1
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 ln 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑎𝑢
𝑒 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏𝑢 + 𝑏𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑢 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑒 𝑎𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑏𝑢𝑑𝑢 = +𝑐
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 𝑥
𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑦
SENOS Y COSENOS 𝑦
sen x = 2z/(1+z^2) 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑏 𝑏 = 1
cos x = (1-z^2)/(1+z^2) ln 𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥
1er Caso: Si R(-sen x, cos x) ; se sustituye: t = cos x 𝑒 ln 𝑥 = 𝑥
x = 2 arctg x 2do Caso: Si R(sen x, -cos x) ; se sustituye: t = sen x
dx = (2dz)/((1+z^2) 3er Caso: Si R(-sen x, -cos x) ; se sustituye: t = tg x
z = tg (x/2)
SUSTITUCIÓN TRIGONOMÉTRICA ( u es x ; a es el # )