Ass For 12 Math
Ass For 12 Math
Ass For 12 Math
Then y + ∆ y=f ( x +∆ x ) ⟹ ∆ y =f ( x +∆ x )− y
∆ y =f ( x +∆ x )−f (x )
∆ y f ( x+ ∆ x )−f (x)
=
∆x ∆x
∆ y f ( x +∆ x )−f (x )
lim =
∆ x→ 0 ∆x ∆x
∆ y dy
lim = =Derivative of y w .r . t x
∆ x→ 0 ∆ x dx
Differential coefficient of y w . r .t x
dy
Apply above method to find of y=f ( x )=x 2
dx
2 2
dy (x +∆ x ) −x
= lim
dx ∆ x→ 0 ∆x
2 2 2
x +2 x ∆ x+ ∆ x −x
¿ lim
∆ x→ 0 ∆x
2
2 x ∆ x +∆ x
¿ lim
∆ x→ 0 ∆x
¿ lim (2 x + ∆ x )
∆ x→ 0
d 2
x =2 x
dx
This function 2 x measures instantaneous rate of change of x 2 I e at x =1 its instantaneous rate of
change is 2 at x = 2 its instantaneous rate of change is 4 etc .
dy d n n−1 d
Then = x =n x Here is called differential operator with respect to x.
dx dx dx
d n n−1
Simple power law of derivative x =n x
dx
d 3 x−1 3 x−1
For example dx 5 =5 ( ln 5 ) .3
d 1 d 2
ln ( 2 x−1 )= ( 2 x−1 )=
dx 2 x −1 dx 2 x−1
d −1 −1
cos x=
dx √ 1−x 2
d −1 1
tan x=
dx 1+ x
2
d −1 1
cot x=
dx 1+ x
2
d −1 1
sec x=
dx x √ x 2−1
d −1 −1
cosec x=
dx x √ x 2−1
Examples of Parametric Functions:
x=cosθ∧ y=sinθ Are the parametric functions of unit circle, if we square and add
the two equations we get 2 2
x + y =1
which is Cartesian equation of a unit circle.
dy
=cosθ
dθ
dy
dy dθ cosθ −x
= = =
dx dx −sinθ y
dθ
dy
2 x+ 2 y =0
dx
dy −x
= which is the same result as above
dx y
As different functions have different parameters such as t, θ etc So set above
formula accordingly.
d 2
( x y + x y 2 )= d 1
dx dx
2 dy dy 2
x + y ( 2 x ) + x ( 2 y ) + y (1 )=0
dx dx
dy
By separating dx on LHS we get
dy − y 2+ 2 xy
dx
= 2
x +2 xy
u=cosx
du d
= cosx
dx dx
du
=−sinx
dx
As y=sinx then
dy d dy
= sinx This implies that =cosx
dx dx dx
By chain Rule
dy dy dx
= Putting the values from above we get.
du dx du
dx 1
dy −1 =
du
=cosx . sinx Formula du du
dx
dy
=−cotx
du