Present simple.

We can use the present simple to talk about things we do regularly.

I go to the gym three times a week.

We drink coffee at work.
We can also use it for things which are generally true.

She loves her job.

A lot of people work at home now.
Remember that we add s or es for he, she and it. Sometimes we also change y to i.

My favourite TV show starts at 8 o'clock.

She finishes work early on Fridays.
My brother studies at university.
The he, she and it forms for have, do and go are irregular.

He has a flat in the city centre.

She does yoga on Tuesdays.
My dog goes for a walk every morning.

For the negative, we use don't or doesn't.

We don't eat meat.

She doesn't have a lot of free time.
w
For questions, we use do or does.

Do you watch a lot of films?

Does he speak English?

+ Affirmative - Negative ? Question

I like ice cream. I don't like ice cream. Do I like ice cream?

You go to the gym. You don't go to the gym. Do you go to the gym?

He/she/it eats meat. He/she/it doesn't eat meat. Does he/she/it eat meat?
 We watch a lot of We don't watch a lot of Do we watch a lot of
films. films. films?

They work at home. They don't work at home. Do they work at home?

Short answers
We can answer questions with Yes, I/you/we/they do, Yes, he/she/it does, or No,
I/you/we/they don't or No, he/she/it doesn't.

Do you like cheese?

Yes, I do.

Does she play football on Saturdays?

No, she doesn't.

Questions with question words

We can also put question words like what, where, who or what time before do or does.

Where do you work?

What time does he have lunch?
Exersice 1
Complete the sentences with the present simple form of the verb in brackets.

1. She in a hospital. (WORK)

2. I the guitar. (NO PLAY)
3. you tea? (DRINK)
4. Where your friend ? (LIVE)
5. They to the cinema very often. (NOT GO)
6. What you for work? (WEAR)
7. His English class at 8 o’clock. (FINISH)
8. we time for a coffee? (HAVE)

Exersice 2
1. What time he work? (START)
2. We to the same place on holiday every year. (GO)
3. My sister chocolate. (NOT LIKE)
4. they a lot of sport? (DO)
5. I meals very often. (NOT COOK)
6. Why cats all the time? (SLEEP)
7. He to different countries for work. (FLY)
8. you this question? (UNDERSTAND)
Present simple: 'to be'
We can use the present simple of the verb to be to talk about situations and states in the
present.

Affirmative Negative Question

I am I am not Am I?

You/we/they are You/we/they are not Are you/we/they?

He/she/it is He/she/it is not Is he/she/it?

Contractions
We can contract the verb, especially when we're speaking.

I am a shop assistant. = I'm a shop assistant.

You are a good friend! = You're a good friend!
He is my wife's brother. = He's my wife's brother.
We are very busy at the moment. = We're very busy at the moment.
They are on holiday in Italy. = They're on holiday in Italy.

Negatives
For negatives, use not after the verb. We can contract the verb or not.

I am not at work. = I'm not at work. Note: I amn't is not possible.

She is not a student. = She's not a student. = She isn't a student.
Money is not important. = Money's not important. = Money isn't important.
We are not hungry. = We're not hungry. = We aren't hungry.
They are not at home. = They're not at home. = They aren't at home.

Questions
For questions, change the order of am, is or are and the person.
Are you tired?
Is she Mexican?
Is this your phone?
Are we late?
Are they your children?

Short answers
Affirmative Negative (Verb contracted) (not contracted)

Yes, I am. No, I am not. No, I'm not. No, I amn't.

Yes, you are. No, you are not. No, you're not. No, you aren't.

Yes, we are. No, we are not. No, we're not. No, we aren't.

Yes, they are. No, they are not. No, they're not. No, they aren't.

Yes, he is. No, he is not. No, he's not. No, he isn't.

Yes, she is. No, she is not. No, she's not. No, she isn't.

Yes, it is. No, it is not. No, it's not. No, it isn't.

Note that with short answers, we only use contractions with no answers.

Questions with question words

We can also make questions by using a question word like where, when, who or what. We
put the question word at the beginning.

Where are you from? I'm from Brazil.

When is the meeting? It's next Tuesday.
Who's she? She's my sister.
What time is it? It's six o'clock.
Exersice 1
1. I very happy to see you.
a. Be
b. ´m
c. Are
2. He a good friend of mine.
a. Are
b. ´s is
c. ´s
3. We teachers.
a. ´re not
b. ´s not
c. No are
4. It important.
a. No is
b. Isn´t
c. Aren´t
5. in Egypt in this photo?
a. You are
b. Are you
c. Is you
6. Yes, .
a. We aren’t
b. We're
c. We are
7. Your job interesting?
a. Am
b. Is
c. Are
8. No, it .
a. Not
b. Aren't
c. Isn't
9. Where from?
a. Are they
b. They are
c. They're
10. Who ?
a. She's
b. She's is
c. ‘s she

Exersice 2
1. I can’t talk now, I busy!
a. ‘s
b. ‘m
c. ‘re
2. We students.
a. Aren't
b. No are
c. Isn't
3. at work today?
a. You are
b. You're are
c. Are you
4. Yes, I .
a. ‘m
b. Am
c. Do
5. that a good book?
a. Is
b. Are
c. It's
6. No, it .
a. Isn't
b. Doesn't
c. Not
7. Where the toilets, please?
a. Is
b. Are
c. Be
8. They upstairs, on the left.
a. ‘s
b. ‘re are
c. ‘re
9. When ?
a. Be the next train
b. The next train is
c. Is the next train
10. in ten minutes.
a. Is
b. It
c. It's
Articles: 'a', 'an', 'the'
Jobs

When we say what people's jobs are, we usually use a/an.

He's an architect.
She's a scientist.
My grandmother was a teacher.

Singular nouns
Singular, countable nouns always have an article – a/an or the (or another determiner –
my, your, this, that, etc.).

I saw a good film yesterday.

Do you want a drink?
We use a when the word that follows it begins with a consonant sound. We use an when
it's followed by a vowel sound. This makes pronunciation easier.

She has a university degree.

It took me an hour to get home.

We use the – the definite article – when the listener already knows which thing we are
talking about because it was mentioned before or because there's only one of them.

I'm going to take the dog for a walk.

Have you seen the car key?
They go to the school next to the bridge.
Things in general
When we talk about things in general, we normally use a plural or uncountable noun with
no article.

Birds eat worms.

Water freezes at 0°C.
Children need a lot of sleep.

Particular groups of things

When we talk about a particular group of things, we use the.

We went to the zoo and saw the kangaroos. (These are the particular kangaroos in that
zoo – not kangaroos in general.)
Exersice 1
Complete the sentences with 'a', 'an' or 'the', or '-' if no article is needed.

1. I like listening to music. It helps me relax.

2. money he gave me wasn´t enough.
3. He doesn´t like dogs. One bit him when he was a child.
4. Could you please pass me salt?
5. Do you want apple? I’ve got two in my bag.
6. I can take children to school today.
7. This is my uncle Phil. He’s teacher and he lives in London.
8. Is there university where you live?

Exersice 2
Complete the sentences with 'a', 'an' or 'the', or '-' if no article is needed.

1. Do you want sandwitch? I’ve got cheese and bread in the shopping bag.
2. She wants to be ambulance driver when she finishes scholl.
3. Did you see moon last night?
4. I really hate mosquitos. They always bite me.
5. If you need to contact me over the weekend, please send me email.
6. I’m a fun-loving person. I love parties and dancing!
7. I’ll be there in hour.
8. teachers at my son’s school are great.

Vocabulary
Listen Look Speak Touch

Write Read Smile Sleep

draw cry type eat

Exercise 1.
Complete the sentences with the words below.

Draw – smile – type – speak – sleep – cry – touch – eat – write – listen

1. We when we want to hear something.

2. We when we use our mouth to talk.
3. When we something, we feel it with our hands.
4. We can use a pen to a letter on paper.
5. We a picture.
6. When we are tired, we should .
7. We when we are happy.
8. We when we feel very sad.
9. We on a keyboard or touchscreen.
10. We when we are hungry.

Exercise 2.
Put the actions into the correct group.

Speak – write – type – draw – touch – smile – eat

Actions done with our mouth

Actions done with our hands

Articles: 'the' or no article

We use articles in common phrases and place names.

Common phrases
We don't usually use an article in expressions with bed, work and home.

go to bed / be in bed
go to work / be at work / start work / finish work
go home / be at home / get home / stay at home

We also don't normally use an article in expressions with school, university, prison and
hospital.

start school / go to school / be at school

go to university / be at university
be sent to prison / go to prison / be in prison
go to hospital / be in hospital

But we usually use the if someone is just visiting the place, and not there as a
student/prisoner/patient, etc.

My son has started school now. I went to the school to meet his teacher.
I went to the prison a lot when I was a social worker.
I'm at the hospital. My sister has just had a baby.
Place names
We don't normally use an article for continents, most countries, cities, towns, lakes,
mountains or universities. So, we say:

Africa, Asia, Europe

India, Ghana, Peru, Denmark
Addis Ababa, Hanoi, New York, Moscow
Lake Victoria, Lake Superior, Lake Tanganyika
Mount Everest, Mount Kilimanjaro, Mount Elbrus
Cardiff University, Harvard University, Manchester University

Some countries are different. Country names with United have the. There are other
countries which are exceptions too. So, we say:
the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom, the United States of America
the Bahamas, the Gambia

Seas and oceans, mountain ranges and rivers have the:

the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Mediterranean

the Andes, the Himalayas, the Alps
the Nile, the Amazon, the Yangtze

Universities with of in the title also have the:

the University of Cape Town, the University of Delhi, the University of Tokyo

Exersice 1
Complete the sentences with ´the´ or ´-´ if no article needed.

1. What time do you finish work?

2. He´s in India.
3. When she finishes school, she wants to study medicine at university.
4. Nile is the longest river in Africa. It flows north from Lake
Victoria to the Mediterranean Sea.
5. He´s at hospital visiting his num.
6. I´m really tired. I´m going to go home and go to bed early.
7. They´re in Alps on a climbing holiday.
8. They caught him and he was sent to prison.
Exersice 2
Complete the sentences with ´the´ or ´-´if no article is needed.
1. I´m still at work but I´ll leave soon.
2. I´m going to prison to see my uncle.
3. University of Nottingham is in United Kingdom.
4. Every Friday my grandad goes to prison to teach a math class.
5. She was born in Japan, but she went to university in Bahamas.
6. My daughter does piano classes after school.
7. I´m going to school for a parent´s meeting.
8. The Danube flows from Germany, through Central Europe to Blak
Sea.

Vocabulary Jobs 1
 Hairdresser teacher nurse police officer

receptionist lawyer shop assistant engineer

cleaner office worker

Exersice 1
Choose the best answer.
1. This person cleans an office, school, house or other place.
a. A cleaner.
b. A lawyer
c. A teacher.
2. This person helps sick people and often works in a hospital.
a. A nures
b. A lawer
c. A teacher
3. This person helps students and works in a school.
a. A hairdresser
b. A nurse
c. A teacher
4. This person knows the law very well.
 a. An engineer
b. A lawyer
c. A receptionist
5. This person can build and repair machines.
a. An engineer
b. An office worker
c. A police officer
6. This person can cut or style your hair
a. A cleaner
b. A hairdresser
c. A receptionist
7. This person uses a computer and phone to do their work.
a. A cleaner
b. A nurse
c. An office worker
8. This person protects us and makes us follow the law.
a. A doctor
b. A police officer
c. A receptionist
9. This person meets visitors at the entrance of an office or building.
a. A receptionist
b. A shop assistant
c. A teacher
10.This person can help you in a shop
a. A nurse
b. A police officer
c. A shop assistant.
Exersice 2
Choose the best answer.
1. Cleaners often use computers and phones to do their work.
a. True
b. False
2. All engineers repair engines.
a. True
b. False
3. Hairdressers only cut women´s hair
a. True
b. False
4. Lawyers always work in court.
a. True
b. False
5. Some nurses work in hospitals.
a. True
b. False
6. Many office workers use computers and telephones at work.
a. True
b. False
7. Police officers can stop you if they want to talk to you.
a. True
b. False
8. A receptionist usually repairs machines.
a. True
b. False
9. A shop assistant can help you in a shop.
a. True
b. False
10.Many teachers work in schools.
a. True
b. False
Exersice 3
Complete the sentences.
1. Help you when you are ill. They often work in a hospital.
2. An designs, builds and repairs machines.
3. A keeps an office, school or hotel clean.
4. A helps students learn.
5. A can help people with the law.
6. A cuts or styles people´s hair.
7. A can help you buy something in a shop.
8. A protects us and makes us follow the law.
9. A meets visitors and answers the phone.
10. A uses a computer and phone to work.
Possessive 's
We can use possessive 's to talk about the relationship between people or to say who
owns something. Possessive 's always comes after a noun or a name.

We often use possessive 's or s' when we talk about family and friends.

Grandma and Grandpa are my mum's parents.

Maria's best friend is Juanita.
My cousins' birthdays are both in January.
We can also use it to say that something belongs to someone.

That's Roberto's flat. He's got a flat in the city centre.

Kim's hair is very long. She's got long, black hair.
My parents' garden is beautiful. They grow a lot of flowers.
When it is one person who owns something, we usually use 's.

Our friend's car is red. She loves it.

Simon's phone is new. He bought it yesterday.
Can you see Amira's keys? She can't find them.
It is possible to use more than one possessive in a phrase.

We had lunch at my friend's father's house.

If a name or noun ends in s, we can add either ' or 's. The pronunciation can be /zɪz/ or
/sɪz/.

Is that James' bag?

That's my boss's office.

If the thing belongs to more than one person, we usually add ' after the s of the plural
noun.

Our friends' house is in the mountains. They moved there last year.
My grandparents' dog is called Bertie.
The twins' school is closed today.
If the plural noun is irregular and doesn't end in s, we add 's.

This is our children's school.

The women's clothes are on the second floor.
A lot of people's eyes are brown.
If something belongs to more than one person, and we give a list of names, the 's comes
after the last name in the list.

Liam is Anne and Gary's son.

Remember that s at the end of a word without an apostrophe (') can make it plural, but this
doesn't show possession.

I've got two brothers.

Are those your keys?

Exersice 1
Write ´s, s´ or s to fill the gaps.
1. Uncle David is my dad brother.
2. Martina hair is brown.
3. Those are my two colleague desks.
4. These are Natashas´s shoe .
5. Sara´s parent house is in Sydney. They live near the beach.
6. Can you give me Aiden phone number, please?
7. We have tickets for the men final of the tennis competition.
8. That´s Mathias sister. Her name is Emilia.

Exersice 2
Write ´s, s´ or s to fill the gaps
1. Fatema is Ahmad cousin.
2. Our friend flat is very big. They have five bedrooms!
3. We´ve got two dog . One is black and the other one is brown.
4. Bruno eyes are blue.
5. That´s Julia and Miguel house.
6. My grandparent car is really old. They bought it years ago!
7. That´s Mrs. Jones classroom. She´s our English teacher.
8. I really enjoy watching women football.
 Vocabulary Jobs 2

pilot manager carpenter waitress / waiter

driver handyman chef/cook reporter

workman flight attendant mechanic vet

Excersice 1
Choose the best answer.
1. A woman who brings food and drinks to people in a restaurant or bar.
a. A chef
b. A manger
c. A waitress
2. A person who flies a plane or helicopter.
a. A flight attendant
b. A pilot
c. A vet
 3. A person who makes things with wood.
a. A carpenter
b. A manager
c. A mechanic
4. A man who works with his hands and machines to build or repair.
a. A chef
b. A reporter
c. A workman
5. A person who serves people on an airplane.
a. A carpenter
b. A flight attendant
c. A pilot
6. A person who repairs and makes things, usually in houses.
a. A handyman
b. A mechanic
c. A workman
7. A doctor for animals
a. A carpenter
b. A handyman
c. A vet
8. A person who is responsible for an organization.
a. A chef
b. A manager
c. A pilot
9. A person who prepares food in a kitchen.
a. A chef
b. A mechanic
c. A waitress
10. A person who repairs cars, motorbikes and other vehicles.
a. A handyman
b. A mechanic
c. A workman
11. A person who describes news events for newspapers, television, radio, etc.
a. A pilot
b. A reporter
c. A vet.
EXERSICE 2
Write the words to complete the sentences.
1. A brings us drinks on an airplane.
2. A flies a plane. On many planes there are at least two.
3. If you have an animal that is sick, a can help you.
4. If you like working in the kitchen, you might want to work as a .
5. If a window breaks in your home, you can call a to come and fix it.
6. My car isn’t running well so I will take it to the .
7. I’m hungry! I hope the comes with our food soon!
8. If you have problems at work, you can speak to the to ask for help.
9. A used wood to make our table.
10. That is putting in the windows in the new building.

Vocabulary Colors

red blue Pink grey

black brown yellow light green

white green dark green orange

EXERSICE 1

Put the letters in order to spell the words

D E R N B O W R

E L U B E E R N G

A K R D L G T H I

Y E G R I W T E H

I P N K O E R N G A

L A C K B Y L L W E O
EXERSICE 2
Complete the sentences.

red – grey – blue – green – brown – orange – pink – white – yellow – black

1. Tomatoes and strawberries are .

2. The sky is .
3. Grass, many vegetables and the leaves on trees are usually .
4. When you mix black and white, you get .
5. Milk chocolate is .
6. The sky at night is .
7. The paper in a notebook is .
8. Carrots and basketballs are usually .
9. Bananas and lemons are .

Vocabulary Body parts

head back throat arm

finger nose foot ear

leg mouth hand eye

EXERSICE 1

Put the letters in order to spell the words

H N A D
R M A

A E H D
E A R

E N S O
E E Y

U H M T O
E G L

R G E I F N
A K B C

R O H A T T
O F T O
 EXERSICE 2
Choose the best answer.
1. We use this part of the body to hear.
a. Ear
b. Eyes
c. Foot
2. Most people have five of these on each hand.
a. Arms
b. Fingers
c. Legs
3. Most people have two of these. We use them to wlak.
a. Arms
b. Eyes
c. Legs
4. We use these to see.
a. Arm
b. Eyes
c. Legs
5. We use this to talk, smile and eat.
a. Head
b. Mouth
c. Nose
6. The part of our body with our hair, eyes, mouth, nose and ears on it.
a. Head
b. Mouth
c. Nose
7. We wear a shoe in each of these.
a. Ear
b. Eye
c. Foot
8. This is in the middle of our face. We use it smell.
a. Ear
b. Head
c. Nose
 9. After our mouth, our food goes down this. Sometimes it hurts when we are ill.
a. Head
b. Mouth
c. Throat
10.Most people have two of these. Our hands are at the end.
a. Arms
b. Eyes
c. fingers

Exercise 3
Put the words into the correct group.

head – leg – back – arm – throat – foot – mouth – eye – nose – ear

We have ONE

Most people have TWO

EXERSICE 4
Complete the sentences.
1.We use our to hear.
2.Most people have two . Our hands are at the end.
3.Most people have five one each hand.
4.After our mouth, our food goes down our . Sometimes it hurts when we
are ill.
5. Most people have two . We use them to walk.
6. We have a in the middle of our face. We use it to smell.
7. We use our to see.
8. We wear a shoe on each .
9. We use our to talk, smile and eat.
10.Our has our hair, mouth, nose, eyes and ears on it.