Full Human Anatomy 9Th Edition Martini Test Bank Online PDF All Chapter
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Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology 9th Edition
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Human Anatomy, 9e (Martini)
Chapter 10 The Muscular System: Axial Musculature
1) The muscular system is divided into axial and appendicular divisions. The other system that is
similarly divided is the ________ system.
A) integument
B) nervous
C) digestive
D) skeletal
E) circulatory
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
2) Which of the following belongs to the second group of the axial muscles that include flexors
and extensors of the axial skeleton?
A) the muscles of the vertebral column
B) the muscles of the perineum
C) the muscles of the head and neck
D) the oblique and rectus muscles
E) the muscles of the pelvic diaphragm
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
1
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
5) Which of the following muscles runs between the larynx and the hyoid bone?
A) thyrohyoid
B) digastric
C) mylohyoid
D) genioglossus
E) geniohyoid
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
7) Which of the following muscles is the most powerful muscle involved in the process of
chewing or manipulating food in the mouth?
A) masseter
B) omohyoid
C) temporalis
D) pterygoid
E) hyoglossus
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
8) Orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, and platysma are part of the group of muscles known as the
muscles of ________.
A) facial expression
B) mastication
C) the extra-ocular region
D) the tongue
E) the pharynx
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
2
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
9) Which of the following muscles is inferior to the lips?
A) masseter
B) frontalis
C) depressor anguli oris
D) risorius
E) zygomaticus major
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
3
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
13) The facial nerve supplies the muscles of ________.
A) the tongue
B) the eyes
C) mastication
D) the anterior neck
E) facial expression
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
15) Muscles of the head and neck that are innervated by the trochlear nerve are associated with
________.
A) those that govern feeding
B) those that govern verbal communication
C) actions that form facial expressions
D) actions that orient the eyes
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
16) Which of the following is/are the major action(s) of the anterior neck musculature?
A) depress the mandible
B) stabilize the muscles of the tongue and pharynx
C) tense the floor of the mouth
D) control the position of the larynx
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
4
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
17) How do the extra-ocular eye muscles differ in action from the intrinsic eye muscles?
A) The two muscle groups do not differ in movement types, only in when the movements occur.
B) The extra-ocular muscles cause faster movements than do the intrinsic muscles.
C) Extra-ocular eye muscles move the eyeball in relation to the rest of the body, whereas
intrinsic muscles move structures within the eyeball.
D) The extra-ocular eye muscles are smooth muscles inside the eyeball while the intrinsic eye
muscles originate on the surface of the orbit and insert into the sclera of the eye just posterior to
the cornea.
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
18) Which of the following features are common to the muscles of mastication?
A) They share an oculomotor nerve innervation.
B) They move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint.
C) They are primarily grouped among the muscles of facial expression.
D) They allow a person to smile.
E) They control swallowing.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
19) The ________ pulls the eyebrow skin inferiorly and medially, and wrinkles the brow.
A) orbicularis oculi
B) levator palpebrae superioris
C) procerus
D) levator anguli oris
E) corrugator supercilii
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
20) The ________ muscle elevates the larynx and is innervated by cranial nerve VII.
A) sternohyoid
B) thyrohyoid
C) stylohyoid
D) omohyoid
E) mylohyoid
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
5
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
21) The digastric and omohyoid muscles are similar in that they both ________.
A) depress the mandible
B) have origins on the inferior surface of the mandible at the chin
C) depress the hyoid bone
D) have two bellies
E) originate from the superior border of the scapula near the suprascapular notch
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
22) The muscle that assists in mastication, and is also useful to musicians, as in playing a
trumpet, is the ________ muscle.
A) masseter
B) orbicularis oris
C) procerus
D) temporalis
E) buccinator
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
23) The muscle that originates on the lateral nasal cartilages and the aponeuroses covering the
inferior portions of the nasal bones, and draws the medial angle of eyebrows inferiorly is called
the ________.
A) mentalis
B) procerus
C) occipitofrontalis
D) nasalis
E) corrugator supercilii
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
24) A muscle that elevates the corner of the mouth and draws it laterally is the ________ muscle.
A) levator anguli oris
B) zygomaticus major
C) risorius
D) depressor anguli oris
E) orbicularis oris
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
6
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25) The ________ muscle originates on the horns of the hyoid bone and inserts in the median
raphe, and is innervated by branches of the pharyngeal plexus.
A) middle pharyngeal constrictor
B) salpingopharyngeus
C) inferior pharyngeal constrictor
D) palatopharyngeus
E) superior pharyngeal constrictor
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
27) When the ________ muscle contracts, the eye rolls and looks up and laterally.
A) inferior rectus
B) superior oblique
C) inferior oblique
D) superior rectus
E) lateral rectus
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
28) Which of the following extends the vertebral column and depresses the ribs?
A) longus capitis
B) iliocostalis lumborum
C) longus cervicis
D) quadratus lumborum
E) longus colli
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
7
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
29) These posterior neck muscles extend, rotate, and laterally flex the cervical vertebrae.
A) Iliocostalis group
B) Splenius group
C) Spinalis group
D) Longissimus group
E) None of the answers are correct.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
30) Which of the following is the function of the superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles?
A) flexion of the vertebral column
B) extension or lateral flexion of the neck
C) interconnect and stabilize the vertebrae
D) hyperextension of the vertebral column
E) depress the ribs
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
31) The erector spinae muscle group that is located most medial to the vertebral column is the
________.
A) longissimus group
B) spinalis group
C) iliocostalis group
D) capitis group
E) thoracis group
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
8
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
33) The muscle that originates on the sacrum and transverse process of each vertebra and inserts
on the spinous process of the third or fourth more superior vertebra is the ________ muscle.
A) quadratus lumborum
B) interspinalis
C) semispinalis
D) multifidus
E) rotatores
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
34) The intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles is also called the ________ group.
A) erector spinae
B) spinal flexor
C) intertransversarii
D) rotatores
E) interspinalis
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
35) The muscular partition that separates the abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities is the
________.
A) masseter
B) transversus abdominis
C) diaphragm
D) perineum
E) rectus abdominis
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
36) The oblique muscle and/or rectus muscle do which of the following?
A) rotate the vertebral column
B) compress underlying structures
C) occur in the neck
D) important role in respiratory movements of the ribs
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
9
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
37) Of the following muscles, which can compress the abdomen?
A) internal oblique
B) external oblique
C) transversus abdominis
D) rectus abdominis
E) All of the answers are correct.
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
38) The deepest lateral layer of the abdominal muscles is the ________.
A) transversus abdominis
B) rectus abdominis
C) internal oblique
D) external oblique
E) psoas major
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
40) The ________ muscle is divided longitudinally by a median collagenous partition called the
linea alba.
A) rectus abdominis
B) internal oblique
C) transversus abdominis
D) diaphragm
E) external oblique
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
10
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41) Flexion of the vertebral column and depression of the ribs are actions accomplished by the
________ muscles in the abdominal wall.
A) inferior serratus posterior
B) diaphragm
C) rectus abdominis
D) internal intercostals
E) transversus abdominis
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
42) The anterior, middle, and posterior scalene muscles are the oblique muscles of the neck,
which ________.
A) elevate the first two ribs and/or flex the neck
B) depress the first two ribs and flex the neck
C) elevate the first two ribs and enlarge the thoracic cavity
D) depress the first two ribs and flex the vertebral column
E) elevate the first two ribs and oppose the diaphragm
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
43) The external anal sphincter muscle and the pubococcygeus muscle are located within this
perineal region.
A) urogenital triangle
B) anal triangle
C) urogenital diaphragm
D) diaphragm muscle
E) both urogenital triangle and anal triangle
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
44) Which of the following is the most superficial and lateral muscle of the male or female
urogenital triangle?
A) ischiocavernosus
B) bulbospongiosus
C) pubococcygeus
D) coccygeus
E) external urethral sphincter
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
11
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45) The ________ muscle ejects urine or semen in the male.
A) deep transverse perineal
B) superficial transverse perineal
C) ischiocavernosus
D) external urethral sphincter
E) bulbospongiosus
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
1) A muscle of the scalp, with two bellies separated by a collagenous sheet, is called
occipitofrontalis.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
3) In infants, a muscle, which is responsible for producing the suction required for suckling at the
breast, is the buccinator.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
4) A superficial muscle that covers the anterior surface of the neck is the trapezius.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
5) The muscle that elevates, everts, and protrudes the lower lip is the mentalis.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
12
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7) Palatoglossus is a muscle of the tongue.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
8) Temporalis is a muscle of facial expression, which moves the auricle of the ear.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
9) Tensor veli palatini is a pharyngeal muscle, which elevates the soft palate.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
10) The digastric muscle depresses the mandible and/or elevates the larynx.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
11) The internal intercostal muscles aid in respiration by depressing the ribs.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
12) The superior serratus posterior muscle originates on the spinous processes of C7-T3 and the
ligamentum nuchae, and functions in elevating the ribs and enlarging the thoracic cavity.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
13) The deep transverse perineal muscle flexes coccygeal joints, and it elevates and supports the
pelvic floor.
Answer: FALSE
Learning Outcome: 10.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
14) The pubococcygeus muscle, which originates on the inner margins of the pubis and inserts
on the coccyx and median raphe, supports the pelvic organs and elevates and retracts the anus.
Answer: TRUE
Learning Outcome: 10.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
13
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
10.3 Essay Questions
1) What would be the consequences of a lacerated trigeminal nerve in terms of muscular control?
Answer: The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) controls the muscles of
mastication. If laceration to CN V occurs, chewing and swallowing would be very adversely
affected. Such actions involve moving the mandible at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), in
which the mandible is elevated, protracted, retracted, and moved side to side, as well as closing
and opening the jaws.
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 5-6: Evaluating/Creating
3) Why are there so few spinal flexors associated with the anterior surface of the vertebral
column, whereas there are a large number of different extensor groups?
Answer: In addition to using the flexor muscles, the trunk can be assisted in forward movement
by gravity. Because the bulk of the body's mass (weight) is anterior to the vertebral column,
flexing the spine toward the anterior becomes easier.
Learning Outcome: 10.3
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
5) What are the muscles of the urogenital triangle, and how do they control the functions of this
area?
Answer: The urogenital triangle is the anterior half of the perineum. The superficial muscles
(bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, and superficial transverse perineal) in this region are those
of the external genitalia, which overlie the deeper muscles (deep transverse perineal and external
urethral sphincter) that strengthen the pelvic floor and encircle the urethra. These muscles form
sphincters around the urinary openings in both males and females, and around the vaginal
opening in females.
Learning Outcome: 10.5
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
14
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10.4 Labeling Questions
Figure 10.1
Using the above-referenced diagrammatic anterior view of the major superficial axial and
appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s) in each of the following questions.
15
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1) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.
A) Tendinous inscriptions
B) Epicranial aponeurosis
C) Linea alba
D) Iliotibial tract
E) Superior extensor retinaculum
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
16
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5) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.
A) Biceps brachii muscle
B) Brachialis muscle
C) Triceps brachii muscle
D) Brachioradialis muscle
E) Pronator teres muscle
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
17
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9) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label P.
A) Flexor retinaculum
B) Iliotibial tract
C) Extensor retinaculum
D) Linea alba
E) Rectus sheath
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
18
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13) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label T.
A) Gracilis
B) Tensor fasciae latae
C) Iliotibial tract
D) Sartorius
E) Fibularis longus
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
19
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17) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label FF.
A) Vastus medialis
B) Rectus femoris
C) Pectineus
D) Semimembranosus
E) Sartorius
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
20
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21) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label QQ.
A) Pronator teres
B) Brachioradialis
C) Palmaris longus
D) Flexor carpi radialis
E) Extensor carpi radialis longus
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
21
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25) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label VV.
A) Pectoralis major
B) Serratus anterior
C) Rectus abdominis
D) Latissimus dorsi
E) External oblique
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
22
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29) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label CCC.
A) Temporalis
B) Frontalis
C) Epicranial aponeurosis
D) Corrugator supercilii
E) Occipitofrontalis
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
23
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.2
Using the above-referenced diagrammatic posterior view of the major superficial axial and
appendicular muscles, identify the specified labeled item(s) in each of the following questions.
25
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35) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.
A) Serratus posterior
B) Teres major
C) Triceps brachii
D) Rhomboid major
E) Trapezius
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
26
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
39) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.
A) Semimembranosus
B) Gracilis
C) Biceps femoris
D) Semitendinosus
E) Iliotibial tract
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
27
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
43) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.
A) Gastrocnemius
B) Tibialis posterior
C) Soleus
D) Fibularis longus
E) Plantaris
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
28
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
47) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Y.
A) Iliopsoas
B) Gluteus medius
C) Tensor fasciae latae
D) External oblique
E) Gluteus maximum
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
29
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51) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label CC.
A) Flexor carpi ulnaris
B) Extensor digitorum
C) Flexor digitorum superficialis
D) Extensor carpi ulnaris
E) Flexor carpi radialis
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.1
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
30
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.3
Using the above-referenced diagrammatic view of extra-ocular muscles on the lateral surface of
the right eye, identify the specified labeled item(s) in each of the following questions.
31
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57) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.
A) Lateral rectus
B) Inferior oblique
C) Superior oblique
D) Levator palpebrae superioris
E) Superior rectus
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
32
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
61) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.
A) Inferior rectus
B) Superior oblique
C) Lateral rectus
D) Superior rectus
E) Medial rectus
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.2
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
33
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.4
Using the above-referenced anterior view of the trunk, showing superficial and deep members of
the oblique and rectus groups, and the horizontal section through the abdominal region, identify
the specified labeled item(s) in each of the following questions.
34
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65) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.
A) Rectus abdominis
B) Internal oblique
C) Transversus abdominis
D) External oblique
E) Linea alba
Answer: A
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
35
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
69) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I.
A) Transversus abdominis
B) External intercostals
C) Internal intercostals
D) External oblique
E) Internal oblique
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
36
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
73) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.
A) External oblique
B) Rectus sheath
C) Internal oblique
D) Transversus abdominis
E) Serratus anterior
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
37
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
77) Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label R.
A) Latissimus dorsi
B) Rectus abdominis
C) Linea alba
D) Erector spinae muscles
E) Rectus sheath
Answer: E
Learning Outcome: 10.4
Bloom's Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding
38
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
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CHAPTER XXVII
THE LITTLE STREET SINGER
I T was Christmas Eve, and very nearly dark, when Mrs. Lanier,
driving up St. Charles Avenue in her comfortable carriage quite
filled with costly presents for her children, noticed a forlorn little
figure, standing alone at a street corner. There was something about
the sorrowful looking little figure that moved her strangely, for she
turned and watched it as long as she could discern the child’s face in
the gathering twilight.
It was a little girl, thinly clad in a soiled and torn white frock; her
black stockings were full of holes, and her shoes so worn that the
tiny white toes were visible through the rents. She hugged a thin,
faded shawl around her shoulders, and her yellow hair fell in matted,
tangled strands below her waist; her small face was pale and
pinched, and had a woe-begone look that would melt the hardest
heart. Although she was soiled and ragged, she did not look like a
common child, and it was that indefinable something in her
appearance that attracted Mrs. Lanier’s attention, for she thought as
the carriage whirled by and left the child far behind, “Poor little thing!
she didn’t look like a street beggar. I wish I had stopped and spoken
to her!”
It was Lady Jane, and her descent in the scale of misery had been
rapid indeed.
Since that night, some four months before, when Madame Jozain
had awakened her rudely and told her she must come away, she had
lived in a sort of wretched stupor. It was true she had resisted at first,
and had cried desperately for Pepsie, for Mam’selle Diane, for Gex—
but all in vain; Madame had scolded and threatened and frightened
her into submission.
That terrible midnight ride in the wagon, with the piled-up furniture,
the two black drivers, who seemed to the child’s distorted
imagination two frightful demons, madame angry, and at times
violent if she complained or cried, and the frightful threats and cruel
hints of a more dreadful fate, had so crushed and appalled the child
that she scarcely dared open her pale little lips either to protest or
plead.
Then the pitiful change in her life, from loving care and pleasant
companionship to utter squalid misery and neglect. She had been,
suddenly taken from comparative comfort and plunged into the most
cruel poverty. Good Children Street had been a paradise compared
to the narrow, dirty lane, on the outskirts of the city, where madame
had hidden herself; for the wretched woman, in her fear and
humiliation, seemed to have lost every vestige of ambition, and to
have sunk without the least effort to save herself, to a level with
those around her.
Madame had taken a terrible cold in her hurried flight, and it had
settled in her lame hip; therefore she was obliged to lie in her bed
most of the time, and the little money she had was soon spent.
Hunger was staring her in the face, and the cold autumn winds
chilled her to the marrow. She had been poor and in many bitter
straits, but never before like this. Now she dared not let any one
know of her whereabouts, and for that reason the few friends that
she still had could not help her. She was ill and suffering, and alone
in her misery. Her son had robbed and deserted her, and left her to
her punishment, and, for all she knew, she must die of starvation.
Through the aid of the negro Pete, she had parted with nearly
everything of value that she had, and, to crown her cruelty and Lady
Jane’s misery, one day when the child was absent on a begging
expedition she sold the blue heron to an Italian for two dollars.
The bird was the only comfort the unhappy little creature had, the
only link between the past and the miserable present, and when she
returned to her squalid home and found her only treasure gone, her
grief was so wild and uncontrollable that madame feared for her life.
Therefore, in order to quiet the child, she said the bird had broken
his string and strayed away.
After this, the child spent her days wandering about searching for
Tony.
When madame first sent her out into the street to sing and beg,
she went without a protest, so perfect was her habit of obedience,
and so great her anxiety to please and conciliate her cruel tyrant.
For, since the night when madame fled from Good Children Street,
she had thrown off all her pretenses of affection for the hapless little
one, whom she considered the cause of all her misfortunes.
“She has made trouble enough for me,” she would say bitterly, in
her hours of silent communion with her own conscience. “If it hadn’t
been for her mother coming to me, Raste wouldn’t have had that
watch and wouldn’t have got locked up for thirty days. After that
disgrace, he couldn’t stay here, and that was the cause of his taking
my money and running off. Yes, all my trouble has come through her
in one way or another, and now she must sing and beg, or she’ll
have to starve.”
Before madame sent her out, she gave Lady Jane instructions in
the most imperative manner. “She must never on any account speak
of Good Children Street, of Madelon or Pepsie, of the d’Hautreves,
of Gex, or the Paichoux, or of any one she had ever known there.
She must not talk with people, and, above all, she must never tell her
name, nor where she lived. She must only sing and hold out her
hand. Sometimes she might cry if she wanted to, but she must never
laugh.”
These instructions the child followed to the letter, with the
exception of one. She never cried, for although her little heart was
breaking she was too proud to shed tears.
It was astonishing how many nickels she picked up. Sometimes
she would come home with her little pocket quite heavy, for her
wonderful voice, so sweet and so pathetic, as well as her sad face
and wistful eyes, touched many a heart, even among the coarsest
and rudest, and madame might have reaped quite a harvest if she
had not been so avaricious as to sell Tony for two dollars. When she
did that she killed her goose that laid golden eggs, for after the loss
of her pet the child could not sing; her little heart was too heavy, and
the unshed tears choked her and drowned her voice in quivering
sobs.
The moment she was out of Tante Pauline’s sight, instead of
gathering nickels, she was wandering around aimlessly, searching
and asking for the blue heron, and at night, when she returned with
an empty pocket, she shivered and cowered into a corner for fear of
madame’s anger.
One morning it was very cold; she had had no breakfast, and she
felt tired and ill, and when madame told her to go out and not to
come back without some money, she fell to crying piteously, and for
the first time begged and implored to stay where she was, declaring
that she could not sing any more, and that she was afraid, because
some rude children had thrown mud at her the day before, and told
her not to come into the street again.
This first revolt seemed to infuriate madame, for reaching out to
where the child stood trembling and sobbing she clutched her and
shook her violently, and then slapping her tear-stained little face until
it tingled, she bade her go out instantly, and not to return unless she
brought some money with her.
This was the first time that Lady Jane had suffered the ignominy of
a blow, and it seemed to arouse her pride and indignation, for she
stopped sobbing instantly, and, wiping the tears resolutely from her
face, shot one glance of mingled scorn and surprise at her tyrant,
and walked out of the room with the dignity of a little princess.
When once outside, she held her hands for a moment to her
burning face, while she tried to still the tumult of anger and sorrow
that was raging in her little heart; then she gathered herself together
with a courage beyond her years, and hurried away without once
looking back at the scene of her torture.
When she was far enough from the wretched neighborhood to feel
safe from observation, she turned in a direction quite different from
any she had taken before. The wind was intensely cold, but the sun
shone brightly, and she hugged her little shawl around her, and ran
on and on swiftly and hopefully.
“If I hurry and walk and walk just as fast as I can, I’m sure to come
to Good Children Street, and then I’ll ask Pepsie or Mam’selle Diane
to keep me, for I’ll never, never, go back to Tante Pauline again.”
By and by, when she was quite tired with running and walking, she
came to a beautiful, broad avenue that she had never seen before.
There were large, fine houses, and gardens blooming brightly even
in the chilly December wind, and lovely children; dressed in warm
velvet and furs, walking with their nurses on the wide, clean
sidewalks; and every moment carriages drawn by glossy, prancing
horses whirled by, and people laughed and talked merrily, and
looked so happy and contented. She had never seen anything like it
before. It was all delightful, like a pleasant dream, and even better
than Good Children Street. She thought of Pepsie, and wished that
she could see it, and then she imagined how enchanted her friend
would be to ride in one of those fine carriages, with the sun shining
on her, and the fresh wind blowing in her face. The wind reminded
her that she was cold. It pierced through her thin frock and scanty
skirts, and the holes in her shoes and stockings made her ashamed.
After a while she found a sunny corner on the steps of a church,
where she crouched and tried to cover her dilapidated shoes with
her short skirts.
Presently a merry group of children passed, and she heard them
talking of Christmas. “To-morrow is Christmas; this is Christmas Eve,
and we are going to have a Christmas-tree.” Her heart gave a great
throb of joy. By to-morrow she was sure to find Pepsie, and Pepsie
had promised her a Christmas-tree long ago, and she wouldn’t
forget; she was sure to have it ready for her. Oh, if she only dared
ask some of these kind-looking people to show her the way to Good
Children Street! But she remembered what Tante Pauline had told
her, and fear kept her silent. However, she was sure, now that she
had got away from that dreadful place, that some one would find her.
Mr. Gex had found her before when she was lost, and he might find
her now, because she didn’t have a domino on, and he would know
her right away; and then she would get Mr. Gex to hunt for Tony, and
perhaps she would have Tony for Christmas. In this way she
comforted herself until she was quite happy.
After a while a kind-looking woman came along with a market-
basket on her arm. She was eating something, and Lady Jane, being
very hungry looked at her so wistfully that the woman stopped and
asked her if she would like a piece of bread. She replied eagerly that
she would. The good woman gave her a roll and a large, rosy apple,
and she went back to her corner and munched them contentedly.
Then a fine milk-cart rattled up to a neighboring door, and her heart
almost leaped to her throat; but it was not Tante Modeste. Still, Tante
Modeste might come any moment. She sold milk way up town to rich
people. Yes, she was sure to come; so she sat in her corner and ate
her apple, and waited with unwavering confidence.
And in this way the day passed pleasantly and comfortably to Lady
Jane. She was not very cold in her sheltered corner, and the good
woman’s kindness had satisfied her hunger; but at last she began to
think that it must be nearly night, for she saw the sun slipping down
into the cold, gray clouds behind the opposite houses, and she
wondered what she should do and where she should go when it was
quite dark. Neither Tante Modeste nor Mr. Gex had come, and now it
was too late and she would have to wait until to-morrow. Then she
began to reproach herself for sitting still. “I should have gone on and
on, and by this time I would have been in Good Children Street,” said
she.
She never thought of returning to her old haunts or to Tante
Pauline, and if she had tried she could not have found her way back.
She had wandered too far from her old landmarks, so the only thing
to do was to press on in her search for Good Children Street. It was
while she was standing at a corner, uncertain which way to turn, that
Mrs. Lanier caught a glimpse of her. And what good fortune it would
have been to Lady Jane if that noble-hearted woman had obeyed the
kindly impulse that urged her to stop and speak to the friendless little
waif! But destiny intended it to be otherwise, so she went on her way
to her luxurious home and happy children, while the desolate orphan
wandered about in the cold and darkness, looking in vain for the
humble friends who even at that moment were thinking of her and
longing for her.
Poor little soul! she had never been out in the dark night alone
before, and every sound and movement startled her. Once a dog
sprang out and barked at her, and she ran trembling into a doorway,
only to be ordered away by an unkind servant. Sometimes she
stopped and looked into the windows of the beautiful houses as she
passed. There were bright fires, pictures, and flowers, and she heard
the merry voices of children laughing and playing; and the soft notes
of a piano, with some one singing, reminded her of Mam’selle Diane.
Then a choking sob would rise in her throat, and she would cover
her face and cry a little silently.
Presently she found herself before a large, handsome house; the
blinds were open and the parlor was brilliantly lighted. A lady—it was
Mrs. Lanier—sat at the piano playing a waltz, and two little girls in
white frocks and red sashes were dancing together. Lady Jane
pressed near the railing and devoured the scene with wide, sparkling
eyes. They were the same steps that Gex had taught her, and it was
the very waltz that he sometimes whistled. Before she knew it, quite
carried away by the music, and forgetful of everything, she dropped
her shawl, and holding out her soiled ragged skirt, was tripping and
whirling as merrily as the little ones within, while opposite to her, her
shadow, thrown by a street lamp over her head, tripped and bobbed
and whirled, not unlike Mr. Gex, the ancient “professeur of the
dance.” And a right merry time she had out there in the biting
December night, pirouetting with her own shadow.
Suddenly the music stopped, a nurse came and took the little girls
away, and some one drew down the blinds and shut her out alone in
the cold; there was nothing then for her to do but to move on, and
picking up her shawl, she crept away a little wearily, for dancing,
although it had lightened her heart, had wasted her strength, and it
seemed to her that the wind was rising and the cold becoming more
intense, for she shivered from time to time, and her bare little toes
and fingers smarted badly. Once or twice, from sheer exhaustion,
she dropped down on a doorstep, but when she saw any one
approaching she sprang up and hurried along, trying to be brave and
patient. Yes, she must come to Good Children Street very soon, and
she never turned a corner that she did not expect to see Madelon’s
little house, wedged in between the two tall ones, and the light
gleaming from Pepsie’s small window.
CHAPTER XXVIII
LADY JANE FINDS SHELTER
A T last, when she began to feel very tired and sleepy, she came
to a place where two streets seemed to run together in a long
point, and before her she saw a large building, with lights in all the
windows, and behind it a tall church spire seemed nearly to touch
the stars that hung above it so soft and bright. Her tearful eyes
singled out two of them very near together that looked as though
they were watching her, and she held out her arms, and murmured,
“Papa, mama, can’t I come to you? I’m so cold and sleepy.” Poor
little soul! the stars made no answer to her piteous appeal, but
continued to twinkle as serenely as they have done since time
began, and will do until it ends. Then she looked again toward the
brilliantly lighted windows under the shadow of the church spire. She
could not get very near, for in front of the house was an iron railing,
but she noticed a marble slab let into the wall over the porch, on
which was an inscription, and above it a row of letters were visible in
the light from the street lamps. Lady Jane spelled them out.
“‘Orphans’ Home.’ Or-phans! I wonder what orphans are? Oh, how
warm and light it is in there!” Then she put her little cold toes
between the iron railings on the stone coping, and clinging with her
two hands lifted herself a little higher, and there she saw an
enchanting sight. In the center of the room was a tree, a real tree,
growing nearly to the ceiling, with moss and flowers on the ground
around it, and never did the spreading branches of any other tree
bear such glorious fruit. There was a great deal of light and color;
and moving, swaying balls of silver and gold danced and whirled
before her dazzled eyes. At first she could hardly distinguish the
different objects in the confusion of form and color; but at last she
saw that there was everything the most exacting child could desire—
birds, rabbits, dogs, kittens, dolls; globes of gold, silver, scarlet, and
blue; tops, pictures, games, bonbons, sugared fruits, apples,
oranges, and little frosted cakes, in such bewildering profusion that
they were like the patterns in a kaleidoscope. And there was a merry
group of girls, laughing and talking, while they hung, and pinned, and
fastened, more and more, until it seemed as if the branches would
break under their load.
And Lady Jane, clinging to the railing, with stiff, cold hands and
aching feet, pressed her little, white face close to the iron bars, and
looked and looked.
Suddenly the door was opened, and a woman came out, who,
when she saw the child clinging to the railing, bareheaded and
scantily clothed in spite of the piercing cold, went to her and spoke
kindly and gently.
Her voice brought Lady Jane back from Paradise to the bitter
reality of her position and the dreary December night. For a moment
she could hardly move, and she was so chilled and cramped that
when she unclasped her hold she almost fell into the motherly arms
extended toward her.
“My child, my poor child, what are you doing here so late, in the
cold, and with these thin clothes? Why don’t you go home?”
Then the poor little soul, overcome with a horrible fear, began to
shiver and cry. “Oh, don’t! Oh, please don’t send me back to Tante
Pauline! I’m afraid of her; she shook me and struck me this morning,
and I’ve run away from her.”
LADY JANE, CLINGING TO THE RAILING, LOOKED AND LOOKED
“Where does your Tante Pauline live?” asked the woman, studying
the tremulous little face with a pair of keen, thoughtful eyes.
“I don’t know; away over there somewhere.”
“Don’t you know the name of the street?”
“It isn’t a street; it’s a little place all mud and water, with boards to
walk on.”
“Can’t you tell me your aunt’s name?”
“Yes, it’s Tante Pauline.”
“But her other name?”
“I don’t know, I only know Tante Pauline. Oh please, please don’t
send me there! I’m afraid to go back, because she said I must sing
and beg money, and I couldn’t sing, and I didn’t like to ask people for
nickels,” and the child’s voice broke into a little wail of entreaty that
touched the kind heart of that noble, tender, loving woman, the
Margaret whom some to-day call Saint Margaret. She had heard just
such pitiful stories before from hundreds of hapless little orphans,
who never appealed to her in vain.
“Where are your father and mother?” she asked, as she led the
child to the shelter of the porch.
Lady Jane made the same pathetic answer as usual:
“Papa went to heaven, and Tante Pauline says that mama’s gone
away, and I think she’s gone where papa is.”
Margaret’s eyes filled with tears, while the child shivered and clung
closer to her. “Would you like to stay here to-night, my dear?” she
asked, as she opened the door. “This is the home of a great many
little homeless girls, and the good Sisters love and care for them all.”
Lady Jane’s anxious face brightened instantly. “Oh, can I—can I
stay here where the Christmas-tree is?”
“Yes, my child, and to-morrow there will be something on it for
you.”
And Margaret opened the door and led Lady Jane into that safe
and comfortable haven where so many hapless little ones have
found a shelter.
That night, after the child had been fed and warmed, and was
safely in bed with the other little orphans, the good Margaret sent
word to all the police stations that she had housed a little wanderer
who if called for could be found safe in her care.
But the little wanderer was not claimed the next day, nor the next
week. Time went on, and Lady Jane was considered a permanent
inmate of the home. She wore the plain uniform of blue, and her long
golden hair was plaited in a thick braid, but still she was lovely,
although not as picturesque as when Pepsie brushed her waving
locks. She was so lovely in person and so gentle and obedient that
she soon became the idol, not only of the good Margaret, but of all
the Sisters, and even of the children, and her singing was a constant
pleasure, for every day her voice became stronger and richer, and
her thrilling little strains went straight to the hearts of those who
heard them.
“She must be taught music,” said Margaret to Sister Agnes; “such
a voice must be carefully cultivated for the church.” Therefore the
Sister who took her in charge devoted herself to the development of
the child’s wonderful talent, and in a few months she was spoken of
as quite a musical prodigy, and all the wealthy patronesses of the
home singled her out as one that was rare and beautiful, and
showered all sorts of gifts and attentions upon her. Among those who
treated her with marked favor was Mrs. Lanier. She never visited the
home without asking for little Jane (Margaret had thought it best to
drop the “Lady,” and the child, with an intuition of what was right,
complied with the wish), and never went away without leaving some
substantial evidence of her interest in the child.
“I believe Mrs. Lanier would like to adopt little Jane,” said Margaret
one day to Sister Agnes, when that lady had just left. “If she hadn’t
so many children of her own, I don’t think she would leave her long
with us.”
“It is surprising, the interest she takes in her,” returned Sister
Agnes. “When the child sings she just sits as if she was lost to
everything, and listens with all her soul.”
“And she asks the strangest questions about the little thing,”
continued Margaret reflectively. “And she is always suggesting some
way to find out who the child belonged to; but although I’ve tried
every way I can think of, I have never been able to learn anything
satisfactory.”
It was true Margaret had made every effort from the very first to
discover something of the child’s antecedents; but she had been
unsuccessful, owing in a measure to Lady Jane’s reticence. She had
tried by every means to draw some remarks from her that would
furnish a clue to work upon; but all that she could ever induce the
child to say was to repeat the simple statement she had made the
first night, when the good woman found her, cold and forlorn, clinging
to the iron railing in front of the Home.
But Lady Jane’s reticence was not from choice. It was fear that
kept her silent about her life in Good Children Street. Often she
would be about to mention Pepsie, Mam’selle Diane, or the
Paichoux, but the fear of Tante Pauline would freeze the words on
her lips. And she was so happy where she was that even her sorrow
for the loss of Tony was beginning to die out. She loved the good
Sisters, and her grateful little heart clung to Margaret who had saved
her from being sent back to Tante Pauline and the dreadful fate of a
little street beggar. And the warm-hearted little orphans were like
sisters to her; they were merry little playmates, and she was a little
queen among them. And there was the church, with the beautiful
altar, the pictures, the lights, and the music. Oh, how heavenly the
music was, and how she loved to sing with the Sisters! and the
grand organ notes carried her little soul up to the celestial gates on
strains of sweet melody. Yes, she loved it all and was very happy, but
she never ceased to think of Pepsie, Madelon, and Gex, and when
she sang, she seemed always to be with Mam’selle Diane, nestled
close to her side, and, mingled with the strong, rich voices of the
Sisters, she fancied she heard the sweet, faded strains of her
beloved teacher and friend.
Sometimes when she was studying her lessons she would forget
for a moment where she was, and her book would fall in her lap, and
again she would be sitting with Pepsie, shelling pecans or watching
with breathless interest a game of solitaire; and at times when she
was playing with the children suddenly she would remember the
ancient “professeur of the dance,” and she would hold out her little
blue skirt, and trip and whirl as gracefully in her coarse shoes as she
did when Gex was her teacher.
And so the months went on with Lady Jane, while her friends in
Good Children Street never ceased to talk of her and to lament over
their loss. Poor Mam’selle Diane was in great trouble. Madame
d’Hautreve was very ill, and there was little hope of her recovery.
“She may linger through the spring,” the doctor said, “but you can
hardly expect to keep her through the summer.” And he was right, for
during the last days of the dry, hot month of August, the poor lady,
one of the last of an old aristocracy, closed her dim eyes on a life
that had been full of strange vicissitudes, and was laid away in the
ancient tomb of the d’Hautreves, not far from Lady Jane’s young
mother. And Mam’selle Diane, the noble, patient, self-sacrificing
daughter, was left alone in the little house, with her memories, her
flowers, and her birds. And often, during those first bitter days of
bereavement, she would say to herself, “Oh, if I had that sweet child
now, what a comfort she would be to me! To hear her heavenly little
voice would give me new hope and courage.”
On the morning of Madame d’Hautreve’s funeral, when Paichoux
opened his paper at the breakfast table, he uttered such a loud
exclamation of surprise that Tante Modeste almost dropped the
coffee-pot.
“What is it, papa, what is it?” she cried.
And in reply Paichoux read aloud the notice of the death of
Madame la veuve d’Hautreve, née d’Orgenois; and directly
underneath: “Died at the Charity Hospital, Madame Pauline Jozain,
née Bergeron.”
CHAPTER XXIX
TANTE MODESTE FINDS LADY JANE