“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH

AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BRISK

WALKING AS AN EXERCISE AMONG THE OFFICES WORKERS OF
SELECTED OFFICE OF JABALPUR”

A PROJECT WORK
SUBMITTED AS PRACTICA THE REQUIRMENT FOR THE DEGREE
OF B.SC. NURSING COURSE

SUBMITTED BY
MS. ANGELINA SAMUEL LAL
MS. ARTI MAHARA
MS. BHARTI CHAMAR

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR. MRS. VINITHA SURESH
PROF & H.O.D. (MIDWIFERY AND GYNAECOLOGY NURSING)

JABALPUR INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES & RESEARCH

JABALPUR (M.P.)
(2020)
 CERTIFICATE

This is certified that this project work entitled “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING BRISK WALKING AS AN EXERCISE AMONG THE OFFICES
WORKERS OF SELECTED OFFICE OF JABALPUR” is a Bonafede and genuine
research work done by Ms. Angelina Samuel Lal, Ms. Arti Mahara, Ms.
Bharti Chamar B.sc nursing students in a particular fulfilment of the
requirement for the degree of bachelor of science in nursing.

Research Guide Principal & Research Coordinator

Dr. Mrs. Vinitha Suresh Dr. Mrs. Sapna Das
H.O.D. (Midwifery and Gynaecology H.O.D. (Mental Health Nursing)
Of Nursing)
J.I.N.S.A.R. J.I.N.S.A.R.
 ENDORSEMENT BY PRINCIPAL

This is certify that entitled “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

HEALTH AWARENESS PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BRISK
WALKING AS AN EXERCISE AMONG THE OFFICES WORKERS OF SELECTED
OFFICE OF JABALPUR” is a Bonafede and genuine research work done by Ms.
Angelina Samuel Lal, Ms. Arti Mahara, Ms. Bharti Chamar under the
guidance of Dr.Mrs Sapna Das(Principal ) H.O.D. Mental Health Nursing.
Jabalpur institute of nursing sciences and research, Jabalpur (M.P.)

Date: Dr. Mrs. Sapna Das

Place: Jabalpur Principal
Jabalpur institute of
Nursing science and research,
Jabalpur (M.P.)
 DECLARATION BY CANDIDATE
We hereby declare that this dissertation entitled “A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of
Health Awareness Program on Knowledge Regarding Brisk Walking as an Exercise
Among the Offices Workers of Selected Office of Jabalpur” is a Bonafede and genuine
research work carry out by me under the guidance of Dr. Mrs Vinitha Suresh H.O.D.
(Midwifery and Gynecology Nursing). Jabalpur institute of nursing sciences and research,
Jabalpur (M.P.)

Date: Ms. Angelina Samuel Lal

Place: Jabalpur Ms. Arti Mahara
Ms. Bharti Chamar
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We medicated on the Transcendental Glory of the Deity Supreme,

Who is inside the heart of the Earth?
Inside the Life of the Sky,
And Inside the Soul of the Heaven

The Gayatri Mantra

Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the father
of heavenly lights, we thanks praise god for all the wisdom, knowledge,
strength and guidance which lead to the completion of this work it is with
gratitude that we wish acknowledgement all those who have enriched and
crystallized my study.
We take this opportunity to express our gratitude to all respected mother and
governing bodies of Hitkarini sabha for their boundless cooperation, blessing
and support for completion of this research work we convey our sincere in
datedness to the Jabalpur institute of nursing sciences and research,
Jabalpur, M.P for providing me an opportunity to be a students of this
esteemed institute and to conduct this study.
We wish to express our heartfelt thanks to our esteemed principal Mrs. Dr.
Sapna Das mam Jabalpur Institute of Nursing Sciences And research, Jabalpur
for providing constant support, concern untiring, effort and providing all the
facilities, as well as continue inspiration and encouragement.
It is our pleasure to pay heartfelt thanks to vice- principal Mrs. Dr.Vnitha
Suresh Mam H.O.D of Obstetrics &Gynaecology , Jabalpur institute of
nursing sciences and research, Jabalpur for her whole hearted inspiration ,
encouragement, valuable suggestion and ongoing sincere support.
We own our deepest gratitude to our research guide principal Mrs. Dr. Vnitha
Suresh Mam H.O.D of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, Jabalpur institute of
nursing sciences and research, Jabalpur for her genuine concern, expert
guidance and constructive suggestion thought out the study.
We utilize eventful opportunity to thanks our class co-coordinator Mrs.
Sangeeta Pillai Mam Associate professor Jabalpur institute of nursing
sciences and research, Jabalpur for her valuable suggestion and help given
whenever we approached her.
Grateful acknowledgement is extended to Dr. Anoop Tiwari, Head of the
department of statistics, for his valuable help in statistical analysis of the
study. Without his support this work would not seen the light of the day. We
express our sincere thanks to Mrs. Sandhya Jain, librarian Jabalpur institute
of nursing sciences and research, Jabalpur, for her support during studies.
We extended our sincere thanks to all faculty members Jabalpur institute of
nursing sciences and research, Jabalpur, for their constant guidance and helpful
support during the entire courses of the study. We extended deepest gratitude to
all the experts to have contributed their valuable suggestions in validating the
tools .we are very much grateful to our friends for making me successful in all
the difficulties face during the study . our heart ful thanks to all my classmate,
juniors, for their help and support for the successful completion this study.
“parents are the blessing mode of the love, trust and care that can not fade and
die”. We are indebted to my parents and my younger sister for their constant
encouragement and blessing, without whom this study would have been
impossible there are still other to whom I we are indebted. Words don’t seem to
be enough, when we need to express to my gratitude for the help shared in the
completion of the endeavour.

Date: With a Grateful Heart………

Place: Jabalpur Signature of the candidate
Angelina Samuel Lal
Arti Mahara
Bharti Chamar
 ABSTRACT
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH AWARENESS PROGRAME ON
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BRISK WALKING AS AN EXERCISE AMONG THE OFFICE WORKER
OF SELECTED OFFICE OF JABALPUR”.

OBJECTIVES

 Assess the exercise pattern of office workers.

 Assess the pre-test knowledge score of office worker regarding brisk walking as an
exercise among office workers.
 Assess the post-test knowledge score of office worker regarding brisk walking as an
exercise.
 Assess the effectiveness of health awareness program on brisk walking as an exercise
by comparing the pre-test and post-test knowledge score.
 Determine the association between the pre-test knowledge score of office worker
with selected demographic variables.

The papulation consisted brisk walking as an exercise at selected BSNL office of Jabalpur. A
sample size of 60 members was selected using purposive sampling technique. A health
awareness programme was administrated regarding technique in selected office of Jabalpur.
The tool use for generating necessary data where are structured multiple-choice
questionnaire. Reliability of the tool was done using Karl person (correlation coefficient)
formula and it was found to be significant i.e. for structure knowledge questionnaire.
(r=0.994) after conducting the pilot study a final study was carry out and 6 members in
selected BSNL office of Jabalpur. The health awareness program was given, after pretest and
post-test was taken after 7 days.

Finding of the study indicated that the office worker has mean pre-test knowledge score was
9.55 and the mean post-test knowledge score was 19.63 regarding brisk walking as an
exercise. the ‘t’ test computed for knowledge was(t-7.426) showed significant difference
suggesting that the health awareness programme was effective in increasing knowledge
regarding brisk walking as an exercise among office worker. The finding of the study has
implication for office worker, and their education. Sedentary office worker plays an
important role in continued education program. Health awareness program was considered an
effective education strategy to improve the knowledge of office worker. it can be conducted
that office worker have in adequate knowledge regarding brisk walking as an exercise.
Health awareness program was considered an effective education strategy to improve the
knowledge of office worker. it can be conducted that office worker in adequate knowledge
regarding brisk walking as an exercise. a health awareness program is effective teaching
strategy to increase their knowledge and improve their practices.

The study had a pre experimental research design ‘one group pretest post-test design’. pre-
test knowledge regarding brisk walking as an exercise among office worker was assessed and
then teaching regarding brisk walking exercise were given. After 1 st week their posttest
knowledge was assessed. the population comprises of 60 parents from selected BSNL office
of Jabalpur city. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was use for sample
selection.

The key variable was effectiveness of health awareness programme and knowledge of office
worker. Structure knowledge questionnaires have multiple choice question were develop for
data collections. it was validated by 8 experts.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTERS CONTENT PAGE NO.

CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION

Need of the study

Problem statement

Objective of study

Hypothesis

Operational definition

Assumption

Delimitations

CHAPTER-II REVIEW OF LITRATURE

 Review of literature related to parent child

relationship among parents
 Review of literature related to
effectiveness of planned teaching program
CHAPTER-III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

 Introduction

 Research approach

 Research design

 Variables

 Setting of the study

 Population

 Sample and sampling technique

 Criteria of sample selection

 Tool preparation

 Description of the tool

 Pilot study
  Content validity

 Reliability

 Data collection

 Date collection method

 Plan for data analysis

CHAPTER-IV ANALYSIS AND INTERPRITATION

OF DATA
CHAPTER-V DISCUSSION

CHAPTER-VI SUMMARY & MAJOR FINDINGS

CHAPTER-VII CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION &

RECOMMENDATION
CHAPTER- REFERANCE
VIII
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE CONTENT PAGE NO.

1. Demographic variables.
2. Allotment of score for assessment of knowledge of
parents.
3. Assessment of score for pre-test knowledge of parents.
4. Assessment of post-test knowledge of parents.
5. Correlation between pre and post test knowledge of
parents.
6. Comparison of pre and post test knowledge of parents.
7. Association of pre-test knowledge of parents with
selected demographic variables.
 TABLE OF FIGURES

FIGURES NAME PAGE NO.

1. Schematic representation of research design of the study.

2. Age of mother

3. Age of father

4. Sex of parents.

5. Religion of parents.

6. Education of parents.

7. Occupation of mother.

8. Occupation of father.

9. Type of family.

10. Income of family/month.

11. Source of previous knowledge.

12. Pre-test knowledge of parents.

13. Post-test knowledge of parents.

14. Comparison between pre-test and post-test knowledge

 LIST OF ANNEXURES

SL NO ANNEXURES PAGE NO.

1 Letter seeking permission to conduct the research
study
2 Questionnaire English version part A&B

3 Answer key

4 Lesson plan

5 List of experts

6 Statistical certificate

7 Certificate of validation

8 Statistical formula
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
“An early morning walk is a blessing for the whole day”
- Henry David Thoreau.
Whether you are walking for fitness or weight loss, you should walk fast enough to achieve a
fat-burning walking pace. Walking at a brisk pace is a moderate-intensity cardio exercise.
The speed of a brisk pace is different for each person as it depends on your heart rate, age,
and level of fitness.

A brisk walking pace can be from 13 to 20 minutes per mile, or from 3.0 mph to 4.5 mph. At
this pace, you should be breathing noticeably but able to speak in full sentences.

If your walking pace is 20 minutes per mile it may be either fast enough to be moderate-
intensity exercise or too slow. If you are more fit, it might be only be light-intensity exercise.
You can only determine this by understanding what the moderate-intensity zone feels like
and what heart rate will put you into that zone.

If you've decided it is time to start walking for health, fitness, and weight loss, you've
already taken a great first step. Walking is an effective, natural way to achieve the daily
physical activity amount recommended for weight management and good health.

Walking helps you burn calories and fat, which is necessary for weight loss. The
recommendation is 60 minutes a day a few times a week. Generally, for a 160-pound
person, walking will burn about 100 calories per mile. Best of all, it's cheap — no expensive
gym membership needed — and it can be done anywhere. Combined with a balanced diet,
you can start achieving your goals.

If you're just getting started, take some time to familiarize yourself with the basics. Once
you get going you can work your way up to walking comfortably for 30 minutes to an hour,
the level of physical activity recommended to reduce risks of heart disease, type II diabetes,
breast cancer, colon cancer, and more.

Is Walking Better Than Running?

It may feel like walking is too low-impact to have a meaningful effect on your weight, but
that's not true. Especially if you're just starting out, running may be too much too fast and is
also not the best weight loss exercise for everyone.

Ultimately, it comes down to your situation and needs. Know that a walking program is
effective exercise and can lead to weight loss with proper calorie balance, so you shouldn't
feel like you're not doing enough. In fact, it may be easier to stick to a walking plan instead
of a running plan.

Before You Get Started

There are a few things to consider when starting a walking program:

Preparing to walk: Learn what you need to do before you begin a walking program. This may
include getting medical advice, investing in basic walking gear like shoes and clothing, and
more.

Walking Technique: Next, you will learn good walking technique, focusing on proper
posture, use of arms, and leg motion.

Walking Schedule: Determine how often to walk, how fast, different types of walking, and
how far to build up to the level of 30-60 minutes per day.

Staying Motivated: Explore techniques for keeping yourself walking and avoiding common
mistakes.

All of the advice included is good for walking either indoors or outdoors. To begin, we'll see
if your body has any special needs before starting an exercise program. Then it's on to gear-
up with clothing and shoes.

WALKING BEGINNERS

How to Start Walking for Weight Loss

By Wendy Bumgardner Updated on June 24, 2019

If you've decided it is time to start walking for health, fitness, and weight loss, you've
already taken a great first step. Walking is an effective, natural way to achieve the daily
physical activity amount recommended for weight management and good health.
Walking helps you burn calories and fat, which is necessary for weight loss. The
recommendation is 60 minutes a day a few times a week. Generally, for a 160-pound
person, walking will burn about 100 calories per mile. Best of all, it's cheap — no expensive
gym membership needed — and it can be done anywhere. Combined with a balanced diet,
you can start achieving your goals.

If you're just getting started, take some time to familiarize yourself with the basics. Once
you get going you can work your way up to walking comfortably for 30 minutes to an hour,
the level of physical activity recommended to reduce risks of heart disease, type II diabetes,
breast cancer, colon cancer, and more.

Is Walking Better Than Running?

It may feel like walking is too low-impact to have a meaningful effect on your weight, but
that's not true. Especially if you're just starting out, running may be too much too fast and is
also not the best weight loss exercise for everyone.

Ultimately, it comes down to your situation and needs. Know that a walking program is
effective exercise and can lead to weight loss with proper calorie balance, so you shouldn't
feel like you're not doing enough. In fact, it may be easier to stick to a walking plan instead
of a running plan.

Before You Get Started

There are a few things to consider when starting a walking program:

Preparing to walk: Learn what you need to do before you begin a walking program. This may
include getting medical advice, investing in basic walking gear like shoes and clothing, and
more.

Walking Technique: Next, you will learn good walking technique, focusing on proper
posture, use of arms, and leg motion.

Walking Schedule: Determine how often to walk, how fast, different types of walking, and
how far to build up to the level of 30-60 minutes per day.

Staying Motivated: Explore techniques for keeping yourself walking and avoiding common
mistakes.
All of the advice included is good for walking either indoors or outdoors. To begin, we'll see
if your body has any special needs before starting an exercise program. Then it's on to gear-
up with clothing and shoes.

When to Get a Medical Check-Up Before Starting a Walking Program

Contact your medical provider for a check-up or consultation before you begin your walking
program if any of these apply to you:

 You have been sedentary for a year or more

 You don't currently exercise and are over age 65
 You have been diagnosed with heart trouble
 Pregnant
 High blood pressure
 Diabetes
 You have chest pain, especially when exerting yourself.
 You often feel faint or have severe dizzy spells
 Other medical conditions

If you’ve been spending hours in the gym exercising to stay fit and lose weight, here’s one
more exercise for you: Brisk walking. It is good for your heart. A three-year study done by
the University of Ferrara shows that faster walking patients with heart disease are
hospitalised less. The study was conducted on 1,078 hypertensive patients, of whom 85%
also had coronary heart disease and 15% also had valve disease.

1.2 BACK-GROUND OF THE STUDY

A previous study had shown that walking for at least 40 minutes multiple times
every week helps reduce the risk of heart failure by almost 25% among post-menopausal
women. Brisk walking is also beneficial for the heart as it improves artery health, and
counters heart disease in diabetics.

Patients were then asked to walk 1 km on a treadmill at what they considered to be a

moderate intensity. Patients were classified as slow (2.6 km/hour), intermediate (3.9
km/hour) and fast (average 5.1 km/hour). A total of 359 patients were slow walkers, 362
were intermediate and 357 were fast walkers.

The researchers recorded the number of all-cause hospitalisations and length of stay over
the next three years. Participants were flagged by the regional Health Service Registry of the
Emilia-Romagna Region, which collects data on all-cause hospitalisation.

Study author Dr Carlotta Merlo said: “We did not exclude any causes of death because
walking speed has significant consequences for public health. Reduced walking speed is a
marker of limited mobility, which is a precursor of disability, disease, and loss of autonomy.”

During the three year period, 182 of the slow walkers (51%) had at least one hospitalisation,
compared to 160 (44%) of the intermediate walkers, and 110 (31%) of the fast walkers. The
slow, intermediate and fast walking groups spent a total of 4,186, 2,240, and 990 days in
hospital over the three years, respectively.

The average length of hospital stay for each patient was 23, 14, and 9 days for the slow,
intermediate and fast walkers, respectively. Each 1 km/hour increase in walking speed
resulted in a 19% reduction in the likelihood of being hospitalised during the three-year
period. Compared to the slow walkers, fast walkers had a 37% lower likelihood of
hospitalisation in three years.

Merlo said: “The faster the walking speed, the lower the risk of hospitalisation and the
shorter the length of hospital stay. Since reduced walking speed is a marker of limited
mobility, which has been linked to decreased physical activity, we assume that fast walkers
in the study are also fast walkers in real life.”

She continued: “Walking is the most popular type of exercise in adults. It is free, does not
require special training, and can be done almost anywhere. Even short, but regular, walks
have substantial health benefits. Our study shows that the benefits are even greater when
the pace of walking is increased.” The research is published in the European Journal of
Preventive Cardiology.

Brisk walking is a moderate-intensity exercise and has more benefits for fitness and
reducing health risks than walking at an easy pace. How fast you must walk for it to be
considered a brisk pace depends on your fitness level. Learn what you can do to improve
your walking technique so you can boost your average walking speed.

According to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a brisk walking pace is
2.5 to 4 miles per hour (mph). One study defines this as about 100 steps per minute for
adults under age 60.

By contrast, an average easy walking pace is 20 minutes per mile (about 3 to 4 mph). A fast
pace is 12 minutes per mile (5 mph).

A vigorous walking technique using arm motion and a powerful stride can boost your heart
rate into the moderate-intensity zone. But if you are very fit, you may not be able to walk
fast enough to raise your heart rate into the moderate-intensity zone. You would have to
switch to running or using a racewalking technique.

1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY

Practice your brisk walking technique as part of your daily walking workouts.
When you are first changing your technique, you should build up your time gradually. Start
by ensuring you have good walking posture and walk at an easy pace to warm up for five
minutes. Then you can practice your walking technique for 10 minutes before resuming an
easy pace.

A study suggests that people who do just two-and-a-half hours of moderate exercise a week
have lower odds of getting seven types of cancer. That could be a brisk daily walk of just
over 20 minutes or a non-strenuous bicycle ride.

Walking at a pace of 4 mph is considered brisk walking, which is a popular and convenient
form of exercise that plays an important role in weight management. It is often
recommended for obese individuals, because it increases energy expenditure.

Brisk Walking May Equal Running for Heart Health. THURSDAY, April 4 (Health Day News)
-- Brisk walking is as good as running for reducing blood pressure, cholesterol and diabetes
risk -- three key players in the development of heart disease, a new study finds.
Walking is one of the most important things you can do if you have arthritis. It helps you
lose weight or maintain the proper weight. That, in turn, lessens stress on joints and
improves arthritis symptoms. Walking is simple, free and almost everyone can do it.

Try walking outside for 20-30 minutes several times per week to alleviate stress and give
your mind a boost. 3. Walking Boosts Stress-Busting Endorphins. Like any other
cardiovascular exercise, brisk walking boosts endorphins, which can reduce stress hormones
and alleviate mild depression.

Regular cardio exercise, like brisk walking, offers a wide range of physical and mental
benefits. Some well-researched benefits include: Weight loss. Walking can help you lose
excess weight by burning more calories, increasing lean muscle mass, and boosting your
mood so you're more likely to keep on walking.

You can steadily build your time using your new technique, adding five minutes per week.
You may experience some muscle soreness or shin splint pain when you change your
walking technique or shoe model.

When you are able to walk briskly for 15 to 30 minutes, you can use your new brisk walking
technique to build fitness and ensure you are getting the recommended 150 minutes of
moderate-intensity exercise each week.

You can reduce your health risks and build fitness with brisk walking. Don't worry too much
about your speed, as it is your heart rate that determines whether your pace is brisk enough
to boost you into the moderate-intensity exercise zone.

Aerobic exercise training is indeed the best way to score well on a treadmill test that
measures aerobic capacity. It is excellent preparation for athletic competition. And it's great
for health. But intense workouts carry a risk for injury, and aerobic exercise is hard work.
Although the aerobic doctrine inspired the few, it discouraged the many.

Running is the poster boy for aerobic exercise. With some preparation and a few
precautions, it really is splendid for fitness and health. But it's not the only way to exercise
for health. Perhaps because they've seen so many hard-breathing, sweat-drenched runners
counting their pulse rates, ordinary guys often assume that less intense exercise is a waste
of time. In fact, though, moderate exercise is excellent for health — and walking is the
poster boy for moderate exercise.

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH AWARENESS PROGRAME ON

KNOWLEDGE REGARDING BRISK WALKING AS AN EXERCISE AMONG THE OFFICE WORKER
OF SELECTED OFFICE OF JABALPUR”.

1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 Assess the exercise pattern of office workers.

 Assess the pre-test knowledge score of office worker regarding brisk walking as an
exercise among office workers.
 Assess the post-test knowledge score of office worker regarding brisk walking as an
exercise.
 Assess the effectiveness of health awareness program on brisk walking as an exercise
by comparing the pre-test and post-test knowledge score.
 Determine the association between the pre-test knowledge score of office worker
with selected demographic variables.

1.5 HYPOTHESIS

H1: - There will be significant mean difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge
score of office worker after administration of health awareness program.

H2: - There will be significant association between pre-test knowledge score of office
workers with selected demographic variables.

1.6 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

ASSESS: - It Refer to gathering information regarding knowledge of exercise pattern of

brisk walking as an exercise.
EFFECTIVENESS: -It refer to health awareness programme which provide knowledge
regarding brisk walking as an exercise.

HEALTH AWARENESS PROGRAMME: -It refer to planned teaching method which

include side presentation, video clip, animated videos, chart paper for office worker to
provides knowledge regarding brisk walking.

KNOWLEDGE :-I refers to the response to the subject on self-administrated

questionnaire.

BRISK WALKING: -Walking at a brisk pace which is at moderate intensity it includes the
following a brisk walking pace from 10-20 minutes per mill as from 3.0mph to 4.5mph
performed at flat surface.

OFFICE WORKER: -It refers to the sedentary worker who does not receive regular
amount of physical activity in office where they work as an employ has of sitting 4-6 hours
with continuous sitting of 1 hours 30 minutes.

1.7 ASSUMPTION

 The selected offices workers may have some knowledge regarding brisk walking as
an exercise.
 The selected offices workers may be more interested to know about brisk walking as
an exercise.

1.8 DELIMITATIONS

 The study is delimited to the office workers available at office during period of data
collection.
 The study is delimited to the sample, i.e. 30 peoples.
 Limited time was available for data collection.
 The office worker study could not include control group due to ethical consideration.
 The effectiveness of health awareness programme was determined through a single
post- test.
 CHAPTER – II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

“A vigorous five-mile walk will do better for an unhappy but otherwise healthy adult than all
the medicine and psychology in the world”

- PAUL DUDLEY WHITE

REVIEW OF LITERATURE –

Review of literature is a systematic identification, location, scrutiny and summary of written

materials that contain information on research problems.

This chapter deals with the selected studies, which are related to the present study. A
review of literature relevant to the study was undertaken, which helped the investigator to
develop deeper insight into the problem and gain information on what has been done in the
past. Literature review is based on extensive survey of books, journals and websites.

Review of literature for the study has been organized under the fallowing headings:
2.1: - Study on brisk walking as an exercise.

2.2: - Effectiveness of health awareness program on knowledge regarding brisk walking as

an exercise.

2.1: - Study on brisk walking as an exercise.

2.1.1 John Hamer, James Fleming (2009) has conducted a study on ‘Effects of walking on
blood pressure in systemic hypertension’. Sample consisted of 117, systemic hypertension.
The systolic pressure becomes higher on exercise, but the rise is not progressive as the
work-load is increased. In many patients the cardiac output is lower than normal at rest and
during exercise, suggesting left-ventricular disease. The systemic resistance is abnormally
high at rest, and although the resistance falls on exercise the values remain greater than
normal in most patients. A high resistance on exercise distinguishes severe hypertensives.
The casual B.P. gives a better estimate of the B.P. on exercise than the basal reading
obtained after several days in hospital. Labile hypertensives, with normal B.P. at rest after a
few days in hospital. Result show a brisk rise in systolic B.P. on exertion to levels similar to
those found in patients with fixed hypertension. The cardiac effects of hypertension seem to
be more closely related to the casual and the exercising B.P.S than to the basal pressure,
and patients with labile hypertension should not necessarily be regarded as having a benign
form of the disease.

2.1.2 Brooke-Wavell K. & Athersmith L.E. (2010) has conducted a study on ‘Brisk
Walking and Postural Stability: A Cross-Sectional Study in Postmenopausal Women’. This
study compared body sway, a measure of postural stability, between regular brisk walkers
and control subjects. Furthermore, the relationship between body sway and physical activity
duration in postmenopausal women was examined. Subjects were 31 healthy
postmenopausal women, aged 61–71 years. These data suggest that postural stability is
better in regular walkers than in control subjects. Furthermore, a dose-response relationship
was observed between physical activity and postural stability in postmenopausal women.
These findings provide a preliminary indication that brisk walking, a low-cost and acceptable
form of physical activity for the elderly, could be incorporated into strategies for improving
balance in the elderly.

2.1.3 P. R. M. Jones & A. E. Hardman (2011) conducted a study on ‘Commencing,

Continuing and Stopping Brisk Walking: Effects on Bone Mineral Density, Quantitative
Ultrasound of Bone and Markers of Bone Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women’. Regular
walking is associated with reduced risk of fracture and, in our recent randomized trial,
reduced calcaneal bone loss relative to controls. The present follow-up study compared the
effects on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, ultrasound and biochemical indices of bone
density and metabolism of (i) taking up (ii) continuing with and (iii) ceasing brisk walking for
exercise. Subjects were 68 postmenopausal women aged 60–70 years. Bone mineral density
(BMD), broadband ultrasonic attenuation (BUA), and biochemical markers of bone
formation (serum osteocalcin, C-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and bone alkaline
phosphatase) and resorption (urinary deoxypyridinoline) were assessed at baseline and 12
months. Changes in BMD did not differ significantly between groups. Women taking up
brisk walking for exercise showed no change in BMD but a significant increase in calcaneal
BUA. There was no significant effect on BMD or BUA of continuing brisk walking but
calcaneal BMD declined on ceasing brisk walking.

2.1.4 H.E. Aldred & S. Taylor (2011) has conducted a study on ‘Influence of 12 weeks of
training by brisk walking on postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in sedentary middle-aged
women’. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of brisk walking on
postprandial lipemia in 26 sedentary women aged 41 to 55 years. The lipemic response to a
high-fat meal (mean ± SEM: 73.8 ± 1.3 g fat, 66% energy; 81.8 ± 1.4 g carbohydrate) was
determined pretraining and post training. Blood samples were obtained in the fasted state
and hourly for 6 hours after the meal. Serum was analysed for triacylglycerol (TAG), total
cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL2 cholesterol, apolipoproteins (apos) A-I
and B, no esterified fatty acids (NEFA), glucose, and insulin. Eleven walkers and 13 controls
completed the study. Responses over time were compared between groups. These results
suggest that in sedentary women aged 41 to 55, brisk walking attenuates the serum insulin
response, but not the lipemic response, to consumption of a high-fat mixed meal when
these responses are determined 48 hours after the last exercise bout.

2.1.5 Paul Ford (2012) has conducted a study on ‘Continuous versus accumulated brisk
walking in children aged 8–11 years. In the present study, we compared the total energy
expenditure of brisk walking 1500 m in one continuous bout versus two accumulated bouts
using a portable gas analyser in 35 children aged 8–11 years. There were no significant
differences in oxygen uptake, energy expenditure or effort rating between the continuous
and accumulated brisk walks (P > 0.05). There was a difference in substrate metabolism
between the continuous and accumulated brisk walks. Greater carbohydrate metabolism
during the continuous brisk walk and greater fat metabolism during the accumulated brisk
walks was observed. These differences in substrate metabolism were only evident in boys.
The findings support the use of accumulated brisk walking bouts within the school
environment, alongside traditional continuous methods aimed at increasing energy
expenditure and fat metabolism, in young children.

2.1.6 A Hudson (2012) conducted a study on ‘Brisk walking and serum lipid and lipoprotein
variables in previously sedentary women--effect of 12 weeks of regular brisk walking
followed by 12 weeks of detraining’. The purpose of this study was to examine 150
sedentary women’s, effectiveness of brisk walking as a means of improving endurance
fitness and influencing serum lipid and lipoprotein variables in previously sedentary women.
Walkers age 27- 47 followed a programme of brisk walking for 12 weeks, after which the
training stimulus was withdrawn. Controls maintained their habitual sedentary lifestyle
throughout. Body fatness was assessed by anthropometry and dietary practice using the 7-
day weighed food intake technique. Measurements were repeated after 12 and 24 weeks.
Brisk walking resulted in a decrease in heart rate and blood lactate concentration during
exercise, while detraining was accompanied by a reversal of these changes. Changes in body
mass and the ratio of circumferences at the waist and hip did not differ between groups but
the sum of four skinfolds decreased with brisk walking and increased with detraining. High
density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL2 cholesterol increased with walking and decreased with
detraining but no between group changes (analysis of variance, P < 0.05) were found in
other lipid and lipoprotein variables. These findings suggest that regular brisk walking can
improve endurance fitness and increase HDL cholesterol concentration in sedentary women.

2.1.7 Davis Paul, P. Mithun (2013) conducted a study on ‘The effect of regular brisk walking
on quality of life and lung function in partially controlled adult asthmatics’ This is a
prospective interventional study conducted in 100 partially controlled asthmatic,
randomized in to exercise group (EG) and control group (CG). Basic FEV1 and HRLQ total
scores were assessed by spirometry and Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ).
Patients in EG were subjected to brisk walking for 30 minutes/day for 6 months. Both groups
were followed up regularly. FEV1 & AQLQ reassessed at 1st & 6th months There were 40
patients in each group who completed study. Ages were between 18-40 years. Mean base
line FEV1 in the EG was 63.1± 12.0(CG = 63.9 ±11.5), after 1st month it was 69.8 ±6.9 (CG =
66.6± 6.6) and 6th month it was 72.7 ± 5.9(CG = 67.7±5.5). Brisk walking for 6 months in
partially controlled asthmatic improved HRLQ & FEV1.

2.1.8 Dr.K.M.Valsaraj (2013) has conducted a study on ‘ Effect Of 12 Weeks Of Brisk Walking
Programme On Abdominal Muscular Strength And Endurance Of Sedentary College
Students’. The purpose of the present study is to find out effect of 12 weeks of brisk walking
programme on abdominal muscular strength and endurance of sedentary college students.
The sample was consisted of thirty (N 30) sedentary college students and their age ranged
between 18-25 years of age. The subjects were briefed in details about the study. The
criterion measures for the study was abdominal muscular strength and endurance and it
was measured by modified sit-ups and scores recorded correctly executed sit-ups
performed in 60 seconds. The total research period was of 12 weeks out of which six (6
weeks) of brisk walking programme was employed. Mean difference was found in case first
observation and second observation. Result was observed from the mean of Abdominal
muscular strength and endurance that there was slight decrease in Abdominal muscular
strength and endurance from observation one to observation second. We can, therefore,
conclude that a brisk walking training program (6 weeks) elicits a statistically significant
increase in Abdominal Muscular Strength Endurance.

2.1.9 Valeria Longo (2014) has conducted a study on ‘Brisk Walking Improves Inflammatory
Markers in cART-Treated Patients’. We enrolled 50, HIV-infected cART-treated, sedentary
subjects in a 12-week exercise program, consisting of 3 outdoor sessions/week of 60 min
walking at 65-75% of HR (Heart Rate) max with ("walk/strength" group) or without ("walk"
group) 30 min circuit training at 65% of 1-RM (Repetition Maximum). Low grade chronic
inflammation is a predictor of cardiovascular disease and metabolic problems, which are
frequent complications in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). The
aim of this study is to evaluate the benefit of brisk walking as moderate intensity exercise,
with or without strength exercise, on metabolic and inflammatory parameters in cART-
treated patients. Results: 35/50 subjects (26 men, 9 women; median age 48 yrs.) completed
the 12-week program: 21 in the "walk" group and 14 in the "strength-walk" group.
Conclusions: Moderate intensity exercise improved aerobic fitness and metabolic markers in
cART-treated patients, and it was associated with improvement of immune activation
markers and, possibly, adipose tissue and muscle homeostasis.

2.1.10 DR. K.M. VALSARAJ (2014) has conducted a study on ‘Effect of Brisk Walking on
Health-Related Physical Fitness and Physiological Variables of Sedentary College Students’.
For the purpose of the study thirty (N=30) male sedentary college students of Lucknow
Christian College, Lucknow between 18 to 25 years of age were selected as subjects for the
present study and the subjects were briefed in details about the study. Walking is one of the
most relaxing refreshing and enlivening form of exercise which reaps numerous physical,
emotional and psychological benefits to stay fit and healthy one does not need to spend a
bounty on gym facilities as the natural way of remaining healthy can be achieved by
indulging in the healthy practice of brisk walking. Brisk walking can reap numerous health
benefits which range from keeping one’s heart in a healthy shape to helping in the process
of weight management. Thus, the research scholar is interested to verify and justify the
findings of medical research which states that brisk walking programme are equally effective
in improving body fat and Cardio vascular disease as expensive medical fitness programs,
one can adopt simple and effective way of walking to remain fit and healthy.

2.1.11 Michael J. Duncan (2015) ) has conducted a study on ‘ Coincidence Anticipation

Timing Performance during an Acute Bout of Brisk Walking in Older Adults: Effect of
Stimulus Speed’ This study examined coincidence anticipation timing (CAT) performance at
slow and fast stimulus speeds before, during, and after an acute bout of walking in 60 adults
aged 60–76 years. Results from a series of repeated measures ANOVAs indicated significant
rest versus exercise × stimulus speed × time interactions for absolute and variable errors
(both) whereby absolute and variable error scores, when stimulus speed was slow,
improved as the duration of exercise increased.

2.1.12 Chee Keong Chen (2016) has conducted a study on ‘Effects of brisk walking and
resistance training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and lipid profiles among
overweight and obese individuals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of
brisk walking and resistance training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and
lipid profiles in overweight and obese individuals. 54 overweight and obese male and female
participants, aged between 21 to 55 years old were recruited for this study. The participants
were age-, gender- and weight-matched before being randomly assigned into 3 groups, with
18 participants per group. The brisk walking group was required to brisk walk 3 times a week
at an intensity of 60-70% of their respective age-predicted maximum heart rate for 8
weeks. Results showed that there was greater improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness for
brisk walking and resistance training groups (p<0.01) at post-intervention compared to pre-
intervention value. There were also significant improvements in percentage of body fat,
body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and free fat mass in the brisk walking group

2.1.13 Andrea P Rossi & Sofia Rubele (2017) has conducted a study on ‘Effects of Brisk
Walking on Physical Performance and Muscle Function in Community Dwelling Elderly
Women’. To examine the impact of a 12-week brisk walking program
on physical performance and muscle function in community-dwelling healthy elderly
women. The study was conducted in a group of 27 women with mean age 68.6 ± 5.5 years
and mean BMI 28.2 ± 4.37 Kg/m2. Anthropometric variables (BMI, weight, height, waist
circumference), body composition measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA),
the 400 meters walking test, the short physical performance battery, the physical activity
level with the PASE questionnaire, handgrip, isometric strength and power of the lower
limbs with dynamometer were evaluated at baseline and three months follow-up.
Results: At 3 months of follow-up, a reduction in waist circumference, total and percentage
fat mass, an improvement of peak torque and power of lower limbs and in all the
performance test administered was observed. Conclusions: Moderate aerobic exercise can
improve muscle strength, physical performance and body composition. Dividing the study
population into two groups on the basis of greater or lesser participation in the walk groups,
the group with frequency percentage higher than 70% showed a significantly greater
improvement in peak torque, power and the specific power, suggesting a dose-dependent
effect.

2.1.14. Pi-Hsia Lee, (2017) has conducted a study on ‘Perspectives of brisk walking among
middle-aged and older persons in community’ A qualitative method was employed in this
study. Both purposive and snowball sampling techniques were applied to recruit middle-
aged and older persons who have experience doing regular brisk walking in the community.
Six focus groups were conducted with a total of 48 people aged 48–81 years. Five themes
were identified from the data: (a) health promotion and maintenance; (b) relationship
building and social interactions; (c) leaders’ enthusiasm and peer pressure; (d) the nature of
brisk walking; and (e) becoming part of one's daily life.

2.1.15. Yeu -Hui Chuang (2017) has conducted a study on ‘Perspectives of brisk walking
among middle-aged and older persons in community’. This study was to explore and
understand perceptions of regular brisk walking by middle-aged and older persons. A
qualitative method was employed in this study. Both purposive and snowball sampling
techniques were applied to recruit middle-aged and older persons who have experience
doing regular brisk walking in the community. Six focus groups were conducted with a total
of 48 people aged 48-81 years Five themes were identified from the data: (a) health
promotion and maintenance; (b) relationship building and social interactions; (c) leaders'
enthusiasm and peer pressure; (d) the nature of brisk walking; and (e) becoming part of
one's daily life. Conclusions: Middle-aged and older persons thought that regular brisk
walking could promote and maintain their health and was a good way to have social contact
with others. Enthusiastic community leaders and pressure from peers encouraged them to
continue exercising, and eventually, it became part of their lives. The results provide
information to healthcare professionals, community leaders, and policy-makers for
developing appropriate brisk walking programs in the future for middle-aged and older
persons in the community.

2.2 Effectiveness of health awareness program on knowledge regarding brisk walking as

an exercise.

2.2.1 Bonato, M, Bossolasco, & S Galli (2012) has conducted a study on ‘Moderate aerobic
exercise (brisk walking) increases bone density in cART-treated persons’. Moderate intensity
aerobic activity reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome
in the general population and has a potential in preventing bone loss. We evaluated the
effects of brisk walking, with or without strength exercise, on bone mineral density in HIV-
infected treated persons. Twenty-eight HIV-infected, cART-treated, sedentary subjects with
VLB50 c/mL were enrolled 40 samples in a 12-week exercise program, consisting of 3
outdoor sessions/week of 60 min walking at 6770% of HR (heart rate) max930 min circuit
training at 65% of 1-RM (repetition maximum). p. There was no z-score difference at BL
between patients with/out PIs, NNRTIs or TDF. However, spine z-score improved
significantly in patients receiving TDF. At W12 BMI, waist circumference, and LDL also
improved significantly in the whole group, whereas no significant changes were observed
for the other variables, The above 12-week program improved fitness and bone density in
HIV-infected treated subjects, in addition to some morphometric variables and serum LDL.
Brisk walking, with or without strength exercise, might help control the long-term
consequences of cART.

2.2.2 Li-Lingwu, Ms Kuo- Mingw-Ng (2012) has conducted a study on ‘Effects of an 8-Week
Outdoor Brisk Walking Program on Fatigue in Hi-Tech Industry Employees’. Over 73% of hi-
tech industry employees in Taiwan lack regular exercise 70 samples. They are exposed to a
highly variable and stressful work environment for extended periods of time, and may
subsequently experience depression, detrimental to workers’ physiological and mental
health. In this cross-sectional survey, the authors explored the effect of an 8-week brisk
walking program on the fatigue of employees in the hi-tech industry the authors confirmed
that the 8-week outdoor brisk walking program significantly improved the level of fatigue
among employees of the hi-tech industry. The finding serves as an important reference for
health authorities in Taiwan and provides awareness of workplace health promotion in the
hi-tech industry.

2.2.3 Murphy M & Nevill (2013) has conducted a study on ‘Accumulating brisk walking for
fitness, cardiovascular risk, and psychological health’ To compare the effects of different
patterns of regular brisk walking on fitness, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and
psychological well-being in previously sedentary adults. Twenty-one subjects (14 women),
aged 44.5 +/- 6.1 yrs. (mean +/- SD) were randomly assigned to two different, 6-wk
programs of brisk walking in a cross-over design, with an interval of 2 wk. One program
comprised one 30-min walk per day, . All walking was at 70-80% of predicted maximal heart
rate. Maximal oxygen uptake ((.)VO(2max)), body composition, resting arterial blood
pressure, fasting plasma lipoprotein variables, and psychological parameters were assessed
before and after each program. These findings suggest that three short bouts (10 min) of
brisk walking accumulated throughout the day are at least as effective as one continuous
bout of equal total duration in reducing cardiovascular risk and improving aspects of mood
in previously sedentary individual.

2.2.4 Hardman AE & Jones PR (2014) has conducted a study on ‘ Brisk walking improves
endurance fitness without changing body fatness in previously sedentary women’. The
purpose of this study was to examine the influence of brisk walking on endurance fitness
and the amount and distribution of body fat in previously sedentary women. Twenty eight
women [mean age (SEM): 44.9 (1.5) years] followed the walking programme for 1 year,
whilst 16 acted as controls [age 44.4 (2.3) years] The amount and distribution of body fat
was determined by hydrostatic weighing and anthropometry and energy intake was
evaluated using the 7-day weighed food intake method. Walkers completed an average of
157 min. week-1 of brisk walking over the year. brisk walking reduced heart rate and blood
lactate concentration during stepping as well as during standard, submaximal treadmill
walking. It did not modify either the amount or the distribution of body fat, despite an
unchanged energy intake.

2.2.5 J. McEneny & GW. Davison (2015) has conducted a study on ‘Accumulated brisk
walking and cardiovascular risk in an ‘at risk’ population: a preliminary investigation into the
novel effects on HDL functionality’. Overweight/obesity now dominate the standard risk
factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Regular physical activity, even without weight loss,
is associated with reduced CVD-risk. It is recommended that adults undertake at least
150 min of moderate intensity activity per week, which can be accumulated in 10 min bouts.
Emerging evidence suggests that high density lipoproteins (HDL) can become dysfunctional
in the presence of inflammation, reducing its ability to protect against CVD. About 77
overweight/obese sedentary individuals [19M, 58 F; age 45·6 (±6·55) years; BMI 29·2 (±4·27)
kg/m2] were randomly allocated to one of three groups; two groups completed 30 min of
accumulated walking for 6 months with either weekly or monthly telephone support; the
third group (control) performed stretching exercises. Result was retrospective power
calculations based on this preliminary data indicate that 100 participants would be required
to elicit a significant change to these measures of functional aspects of HDL, and future
appropriately powered studies are needed to determine whether accumulated exercise in
the absence of weight loss impacts on the antiatherogenic properties of HDL.

2.2.6 Roman Cuberek & Zdeněk Svoboda (2016) has conducted a study on ‘ The effect of
brisk walking on postural stability, bone mineral density, body weight and composition in
women over 50 years with a sedentary occupation’. To assess the effect of brisk walking on
postural stability, bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in women over
50 years of age with a sedentary occupation. A 10-week walking intervention based on self-
regulated brisk walking (BW) to or from work of 30–35 min at least 5 times per week. The
research included a total of 104 women (58 women in intervention group). The BW
intervention was completed by 76 % of participants. The results indicate that the effect of
the intervention is influenced by baseline body mass index in body weight, fat mass and
visceral adipose tissue.

2.2.7 Murphy, Marie H.Nevill (2017) has conducted a study on ‘ Accumulating brisk walking
for fitness, cardiovascular risk, and psychological health’. To compare the effects of different
patterns of regular brisk walking on fitness, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and
psychological well-being in previously sedentary adults. Twenty-one subjects (14 women),
aged 44.5 +/- 6.1 yrs. (mean +/- SD). Result: Overall, subjects completed 88.2 +/- 1.1% and
91.3 +/- 4.1% of prescribed total walking time in the short- and long-bout programs,
respectively. Both programs increased plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol, and decreased concentrations of triacylglycerol and total cholesterol (all < 0.05)
conclusion: These findings suggest that three short bouts (10 min) of brisk walking
accumulated throughout the day are at least as effective as one continuous bout of equal
total duration in reducing cardiovascular risk and improving aspects of mood in previously
sedentary individuals.

2.2.8 Reyhani, Tayebeh and Jafarnejad (2018) has conducted a study on ‘The Effect of Brisk
Walking on Primary Dysmenorrhea in Girl Students’. Dysmenorrhea is a common
gynaecologic disorder that affects 50 percent of women who have menstrual periods. This
study investigated the effects of brisk walking on primary dysmenorrhea on girl students. In
this clinical trial, 45 students of exercise group and 45 students of control group who were
studied in faculty of nursing and midwifery were studied in Mashhad, Iran, 2015. Exercise
group performed brisk walking for half an hour in the first 3 days of menstruation in three
consecutive menstrual cycles. Research tools included visual pain scale, demographic data
questionnaire and menstrual characteristics before and after exercise. Results: The mean
age of participants was 20.74 years. The mean of dysmenorrhea duration of each cycle and
days of bleeding were 2.49 days and 6.96 days, respectively. The mean of pain scores was
similar in two groups before the intervention but it was significant after the intervention
(p<0.001). Conclusion: Brisk walking for half an hour in the first 3 days of menstruation
reduces pain of primary dysmenorrhea.

2.2.9 Michelle Stanley & Mike Smith (2018) has conducted a study on ‘ Coincidence
Anticipation Timing Performance during an Acute Bout of Brisk Walking in Older Adults:
Effect of Stimulus Speed’. This study examined 35 samples coincidence anticipation timing
(CAT) performance at slow and fast stimulus speeds before, during, and after an acute bout
of walking in adults aged 60–76 years. Results from a series of repeated measures ANOVAs
indicated significant rest versus exercise × stimulus speed × time interactions for absolute
and variable errors (both) whereby absolute and variable error scores, when stimulus speed
was slow, improved as the duration of exercise increased. walking on the pavement whilst
avoiding a crowd, compared to crossing a busy road, an understanding of how different
stimulus speeds influence dual-task performance is extremely important, particularly in the
older adult population.

2.2.10 Victoria J. Mciver & Lewis Mattin (2019) has conducted a study on ‘The effect of
brisk walking in the fasted versus fed state on metabolic responses, gastrointestinal
function, and appetite in healthy men’. To investigate the effect of brisk walking in the
fasted versus fed state on gastric emptying rate (GER), metabolic responses and appetite
hormone responses. Sample was 12 healthy men completed two 45 min brisk walks, fasted
and followed consumption of a standardised breakfast (FED). GER of a standardised lunch
was subsequently measured for 2 h using the 13C-breath test method. Blood samples were
collected at baseline, post-breakfast period, pre-exercise, immediately post exercise, pre-
lunch then every 30 min following lunch for 2 h. Result: No differences were observed, NEFA
concentrations were higher in FASTED at pre-exercise, post exercise and 30 min post
exercise. These findings suggest that gastrointestinal function, hunger and appetite
regulatory hormones are not sensitive to low-intensity bouts of physical activity and holds
positive implications for weight management practices.
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter deals with the methodology adopted for assessing the knowledge of office
worker regarding brisk walking. It includes the description of research approach, research
design, setting of study, sample and sampling technique, development of data collection
tools, health awareness program, procedure for data collection and plan for data analysis.

Further, the study is also aimed at determining the effectiveness of health

awareness program on knowledge and also to associate demographic variables like age,
gender, education, marital status, type of family, type of working, and previous knowledge
of brisk walking.

3.2 RESEARCH APPROACH

The choice of research approach constitutes one of the major decisions, which must be
made in conducting a research study.

Research approach tells the researcher as to what data to collect and how to analyze it.
Evaluative research is an applied form of research that involves finding out how tell
program, practice, procedure and policy is working. (polit and hungler 1995)

Pre experimental approach was considered to be appropriate to evaluate the effectiveness

of health awareness program for office worker regarding brisk walking as an exercise, the
researcher has group pre-test post-test study.

3.3 RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design is the back bone of the structure of the study. It provides a framework
that supports of the study and holds its together.

Polit and hungler (1995) started that a research design incorporates the most important
methodological decision that researcher makes in conducting a research study.
In the present study, the investigator selected the pre experimental group pre-test post-test
research design to observe the effectiveness health awareness program among the office
worker regarding brisk walking as an exercise.

Design of the study as follows

01 X 02

01 – Pre-test on knowledge of office worker regarding brisk walking as an exercise.

X - Health awareness program

02 – Post-test on knowledge of office worker regarding brisk walking as an exercise.

The investigator, observe the experimental group prior to the investigation (pre-test). The
investigation health awareness program was administered to the group; again, the group is
assessed the (post-test) after four days.

3.4 VARIABLES

According to pilot and hungler (1995)”, A variable, as the name implies is something that
varies or a variable is any quality of an organism, group or situation that makes different
values.”

Dependent variables:

“The dependent variable is the variable that is used to describe or measure the problem
under study”.

The dependent variables of this study were knowledge of office worker regarding brisk
walking as an exercise.

Independent variables:

“The variable that are used to describe or measure the factors that are assumed to
cause or at least to influence the problem”.

In the study independent variables is the effectiveness of health awareness

program on knowledge of brisk walking as an exercise.

3.5 SETTING OF THE STUDY

 Setting refers to the area where the study is conducted.

(pilot and hungler, 1995)

The study is conducted in the selected offices of Jabalpur city (M.P.)

The rational for selection for office of Jabalpur was its economy in terms of time,
easy transport facilities, administrative approval, and co-operation and above all, the
selected BSNL office fulfilled the criteria of the sampling technique.

3.6 POPULATION

According to Talbot, “A population is a group whose members possess specific attributes

that the researcher is interested in study”. The requirement of definition the population for
a research project arises from the need to specify the group to which the result of the study
can be generalized.

The population of the present study comprised of office worker who are working BSNL office
of Jabalpur (M.P.)

3.7 SAMPLING AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

Sample

A sample is used in research when it is not feasible to study the whole population from
which it is drawn. The process of sample makes it possible to accept a generalization to the
intended population based on careful observation of variables within a relatively small
proportion of population.

According to Talbot, a sample is a portion of the population that has been selected to
represent the population of interest.

Sampling

Sampling refers to the process of selecting a portion of population. (polit and hungler,
1999).

Sample size
Sample size for this study was 60 office worker who are work in offices of Jabalpur (M.P.)
were selected which fulfilled the sampling criteria.

Sampling technique

Purposive sampling of non-probability sampling approach was thought to be the most

appropriate for this study. “a purposive sample is a group of individuals who are readily
available for participation in the study.” (Henry, 1990).

In the present study, sedentary office worker who are work in offices of Jabalpur (M.P.)
were selected by purposive sampling technique by the investigator. It was suitable keeping
in view, the time provided for data collection and the study.

Criteria for sample selection

The following criteria are set to select samples.

Inclusion criteria:

 Office worker who are working in office

 Office worker who are willing to participate in study

Exclusion criteria:

 sedentary office worker who are work in office

3.8 DATA COLLECTION TECHQUENIC AND INSTRUMENT

The structured questionnaire was prepared for assessing the knowledge regarding brisk
walking as an exercise, among office worker who are work in BSNL office of Jabalpur (M.P.)

The instrument consists of two parts:

1. socio demographic data

2. the structured questionnaire regarding brisk walking as an exercise for sedentary
office worker.

3.9 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUE AND TOOL

 The most important and crucial aspects of any research is data collection, which
provide answer to the question under study. Data collection relies on instruments.

The present study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of health awareness program
in terms of knowledge gained by sedentary office worker who are work in BSNL office of
Jabalpur.

Thus, a structured questionnaire was prepared and used for data collection. The
health awareness program on brisk walking as an exercise.

3.10 DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL

Treece and treece emphasized that the instrument selected in research should be as
possible the vehicle that would best obtain data for drawing conclusion pertinent to the
study.

The structured questionnaire was prepared for assessing the knowledge regarding
health awareness program among sedentary office worker.

The health awareness program was prepared on brisk walking as an exercise.

Factors taken into consideration while preparing the method were interest building,
convenience in learning, self-explanatory flip chart, attractiveness, attention, span, good
explanation. Opinion and suggestions of experts in the nursing field and the exposure of the
investigator in the area of research were considered

A thought review of the published as well as unpublished literature concerning the

knowledge of office worker regarding brisk walking as an exercise were undertaken to get
cues for the development of a significant instrument. Formal and non-formal discussion was
held with peer group. The opinion forms the subject experts were taken. The first of draft
had 10 items which was concerned with knowledge items regarding brisk walking as an
exercise.

First draft: - The first draft was made in English and given to English experts for corrections.
The first draft was given to 10 experts in the field of Medical surgical nursing, community
health nursing, and nutrition department for their opinion. Considered the opinion of
experts and changes was made in the second draft.
Second draft: - The second draft was used for pilot study. The investigator interviewed 6
office workers who were working in selected BSNL offices of Jabalpur (M.P.). The scores
were then analyzed and items analysis done.

Third draft: - The third draft was used for the final study.

3.11 DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL

The tool used was structured questionnaires consist of three sections: -

Section A: - Deals with the demographic data such as the age, gender, education, marital
status, type of family, the type of working, previous knowledge about brisk walking.

Section B: - Deals with the life style variables. In this section such questionnaires were given
to know the life style pattern of sedentary office worker of selected BSNL office of Jabalpur
(M.P.).

 Have you ever had any medical health assessment in your job?
 Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have a high blood pressure or
overweight [Obesity]?
 Are there any exercise facilities or programs where you work?
 Do you usually exercise daily?
 Do you eat three times meal regularly at fixed time?
 Do you eat outside food every day?
 Are you on any of the special diet?
 Do you sleep six/eight hours in a day?
 Have you ever smoked cigarettes?
 Do you play out door games in your free time?

Section C: - Deals with the assessment of knowledge regarding brisk walking as an exercise,
which was divided into the following broad aspects.

 To introduce the topic

 To define brisk walking as an exercise
 Enlist the goals of brisk walking
 To teach them about the indication of brisk walking
 To explain the benefits of brisk walking
 Describe the pre requirement of brisk walking
 Explain the method of brisk walking
 To conclude the brisk walking

3.12 SCORING

A score (1) is assigned to correct response and (0) assigned to each wrong
answer. Total score knowledge questionnaire is 30. The score ranges from a minimum of
zero to a maximum of thirty. The level of knowledge has been classified as:

TABLE NO: 1

DISTRIBUTION OF KNOWLEDGE SCORE

Minimum score=0

Maximum score=30

LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE SCORE

Poor 0-10

Average 11-20

Good 21-30

3.13 HEALTH AWARENESS PROGRAM

The health awareness program for giving information about brisk walking as
an exercise and this was prepared after doing intensive study of the relevant literature
related to brisk walking as an exercise. The areas of health awareness program are as
follows:

 To introduce the topic

 To define brisk walking as an exercise
  Enlist the goals of brisk walking
 To teach them about the indication of brisk walking
 To explain the benefits of brisk walking
 Describe the pre requirement of brisk walking
 Explain the method of brisk walking
 To conclude the brisk walking

During the process of structuring the health awareness program the

investigator the onset discussed and consulted with guide.

The time schedule the impart health awareness was kept between 30-45
minutes. Questions were framed and visual aids were used. So, the sedentary office
workers were able to easily understand the matter of health awareness program.

3.14 VALIDITY OF HEALTH AWARENESS PROGRAMME

Content validity of health awareness program was assessed by distributing health

awareness program to the expert in the field of medical surgical nursing, community health
nursing and nutrition who validated the structured questionnaire and health awareness
program. The agreement level of the expert was 100% of the health awareness program.

3.15 CONTENT VALIDITY

According to Freeman (1968) validity of content, however should not depend upon
subjected judgment of only one specialist. It should be based upon careful analysis by
several specialists of instructional objective and of actual subject matter studies.

In the present study, the structured questionnaire along with health awareness program
was submitted to ten experts. Experts were from the field of medical surgical nursing,
community health nursing and nutrition and applied science of nursing.

Modifications of items in terms of simplicity in order were made. Some items of

demographic data were modified and some items were added. Some items from
knowledge-based criteria were deleted and selected only the important items.
 Content validity of health awareness program was determined by submitting the
draft of health awareness program to 10 experts are of own college.

Suggestion and modification were asked for health awareness program there were
100% agreement of the content area. It was suggested that content related to office worker
should be brief. The health awareness program was finalized.

All experts to give opinion to make the health awareness program in brief and
language which was easily understandable. The structured questionnaire was corrected by
specialized experts.

Expert No. 1 gave opinion to modified sociodemographic data.

Expert No. 2 gave opinion to deleted item no: 2, and to modified the options.

Expert No. 3 gave opinion to just mention the hours should they work in sedentary postures.

Expert No. 7 gave opinion to remain only the most important questions.

The formula used to determine the percentage of agreement was as followers:

Percentage of agreement = NUMBER OF RATERS AGREEING X 100

TOTAL NUMBER OF RATERS

Percentage of agreement = 10 X 100 = 100%

10

All the experts gave the opinion to make the health awareness program in brief.

3.16 CRITERION BASED VALIDITY

To established criteria-based validity instrument was administered to office

workers who are working in BSNL office of Jabalpur (M.P.). it was found that instrument
was tapping the area of knowledge successfully for which it was structured.

3.17 RELIABILITY

After establishing the validity of the tool to be used for the study, the final tool
was made than the reliability of the tool was done. In the study, the reliability
determined by the administrating structure questionnaire to 6 office workers who are
working in the bible society of India office Jabalpur (M.P.).

Items of the tool were coded and the reliability co-efficient of co-relation was
calculated using ‘test retest method’. The method of test retest is used to test internal
consistency of the tool as well as co-relation to the item with the test as a whole the
correlation was obtained by using Karl Pearson Formula.

The reliability coefficient of structure multiple choice questionnaire was r =

which showed that the tool was reliable.

3.18 PILOT STUDY

A pilot study is a small preliminary investigation of the same general

characteristics as the major study which is designed to acquaint the researcher with
problems that can be correlated in preparation for a larger research study. (Treece and
treece, 1986)

The pilot study was conducted from 9/12/19 to 16/12/19 to access the
feasibility of the study and to decide the data analysis plan.

The Secretary permission was granted formally from the secretary of bible
society of India office of Jabalpur (M.P.). The pilot study was conducted on 6 office
workers who are working in the office of bible society of India. The pre-test was given on
the first day. The health awareness program was given. The post test was conducted on
seven day.
 Data was analyzed by statistical test. The pilot study did not show any major
changes in the design of the questionnaire and the health awareness program
developed by researcher.

3.19 PROCEDURE FOR DATA COLLECTION

A formal permission was obtained from Secretary of bible society of India office
Jabalpur (M.P.). The study was conducted from 08/01/2020 to 14/01/2020.

The following schedule was followed for data collection:

After identified the sample, objectives of the studies were discussed and consent
for participation in the study was taken from the selected group. The investigator is
assured the subjects about the confidentiality of the data. The investigator was
administered the self-structured questionnaire for the pre-test. The duration of the data
collection it sample was 30 to 45 minutes. Duration of pre-test the participants were
seated away from each other and dissection was not allowed. The health awareness
program on office worker was disseminated to the experimental group after the pre-test
and brief introduction.

The instruction about post-test was given to the respective participants. Time
taken for post-test by each sample was approximately 15 to 20 minutes. After the data
collection, all the participants were thanked for their participant in the study.

3.20 PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS

Data analysis is the systematic organization synthesis of research data and the
testing of research hypothesis using those data. (polit and hungler,1999).

 Socio demographic data would be analyzed using descriptive statistic i.e.

(Frequency and percentage).
 Association between pretest knowledge and demographic variables calculated by
chi-square test.
 Mean and standard deviation of pre-test and post-test knowledge score where
calculated.
 Computing ‘t’ value to find out the significance of the difference between the
mean of pre-test and post-test knowledge score.

SYSTEMATIC REPRENTATION OF THE RESEARCH DESING

TARGET POPULATION
Parents

ACCESSIBLE POPULATION
Parents of selected urban area of Jabalpur city

SAMPLE &SAMPLE 60
Parents of urban area

SAMPLE TECHNIQUE
Purposive sampling technique

TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUE

Multiple choice questionnaires

PRE-TEST O1

INTERVENTION
Planned teaching program

POST-TEST O2

DATA ANALYSIS &INTERPETATION

Differential &inferential statistics

REPORTING
THESIS
 CHAPTER-IV
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
data This chapter deals with the analysis interpretation of data collected from 60 pa
questionnaire technique. The purpose of analysis is summarize, compare test the proposed
and inference the findings.
Analysis and categorizing ordinary manipulating and summarizing of data to obtain answer
problem interpretation of tabulation data can bring light to the real meaning of the findings o
(Kerlinger, 1973)

Interpretation refer to the purpose of making sense of results and examination the implic
finding with in the broad context. (Abdullah and kavine, 1979)

In the study analysis and interpretation of was based on data collection from 60 parent of u
Jabalpur city through questionnaire.

Analysis and interpretation of data was based on the objectives of the study and hypothesis
Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used.

A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on

regarding parent child relationship at selected urban area of Jabalpur city.

4.1 OBJECTIVE-

 Asses the pretest knowledge score regarding parent child relationship among parent.
 Assess the post test knowledge score regarding parent child relationship among parent
 Evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programmed on parent child relation
parent.
 Determine the association between pretest knowledge score, of parent with th
demographic variables.

4.2 HYPOTHESIS-
H1:-There will be a significant difference between mean pre- test and mean post-test knowle
parent child relationship among parent.

H2:-There will be a significant association between pre-test knowledge score and selected d
variable.

4.3 ORAGNIZATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA

The data was analysis and interrupted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The data ar
and presented under the following headings.
 CHAPTER-IV

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

data This chapter deals with the analysis interpretation of data collected from 60 parents
using questionnaire technique. The purpose of analysis is summarize, compare test the
proposed relationship and inference the findings.

Analysis and categorizing ordinary manipulating and summarizing of data to obtain answer to
research problem interpretation of tabulation data can bring light to the real meaning of the
findings of the study. (Kerlinger, 1973)

Interpretation refer to the purpose of making sense of results and examination the implication
of the finding with in the broad context. (Abdullah and kavine, 1979)

In the study analysis and interpretation of was based on data collection from 60 parent of
urban area of Jabalpur city through questionnaire.

Analysis and interpretation of data was based on the objectives of the study and hypothesis to
be tested. Both descriptive and inferential statistics have been used.

A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on

knowledge regarding parent child relationship at selected urban area of Jabalpur city.

4.1 OBJECTIVE-

 Asses the pretest knowledge score regarding parent child relationship among parent.
 Assess the post test knowledge score regarding parent child relationship among
parent.
 Evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programmed on parent child
relationship among parent.
 Determine the association between pretest knowledge score, of parent with their
selected demographic variables.

4.2 HYPOTHESIS-

H1:-There will be a significant difference between mean pre- test and mean post-test
knowledge score of parent child relationship among parent.
H2:-There will be a significant association between pre-test knowledge score and selected
demographic variable.

4.3 ORAGNIZATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA

The data was analysis and interrupted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The data are
organized and presented under the following headings.

Mean knowledge score of postnatal mothers regarding neonatal danger sign

Total samples:- 60

Total question asked :- 30

4.4 ORGANIZATION OF STUDY FINDINGS-

The analysis is described in following four sections-

Section A - frequency and percentage of demographic variables.

Section B -pretest knowledge and posttest knowledge score of the parents.

Section c - effectiveness of planned teaching program by correlation between pretest and

posttest knowledge of parents.

Section D – Association of pretest knowledge with selected demographic variables.

SECTION-A
It deals with the socio-demographic data of the samples.

The demographic characteristics of the study were the age of parents, religion of parents, sex,
educational status, and occupational status, source of information & number of child in the
family.

Table No. 4.3

Frequency and percentage of demographic variables

S.N VARIABLE FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

1. AGE OF MOTHER

1. BELOW 35 45
27
2. ABOVE 35 8 13.33

2. AGE OF FATHER

1. BELOW 35 18 30

2. ABOVE 35 7 11.66

3. SEX

1. MALE 25 41.66

2. FEMALE 35 58.33

4. RELIGION

1. HINDU 23 38.33
2. MUSLIM 30 50
3. CHRISTIAN
7 11.66

5. EDUCATION OF
 PARENT

1. PRIMARY 10 16.66
2. SECONDARY 38 63.33
3. GRADUATE
8 13.33
4. POST GRADUATE
4 6.66

6. OCCUPATION OF

MOTHER

1. HOUSEWIFE 20 33.33
2. PRIVATE 7
11.66
EMPLOYEE 6
2 10
3. BUSSINESS
4. GOVT. EMPLOYEE 3.33

7. OCCUPATION OF

FATHER

1. UNEMPLOYMENT 2 3.33
2. PRIVATE 13
EMPLOYEE 21.66
3. BUSSINESS 5
4. GOVT. EMPLOYEE 5 8.33

8.33

8. TYPE OF FAMILY

1. JOINT FAMILY 41.66

25
2. NUCLEAR
FAMILY 35 58.33

9. INCOME OF FAMILY/

MONTH

1. BELOW 10000/- 29 48.33

2. ABOVE 10000/- 31
51.33

10. SOURCE OF PREVIOUS

KNOWELDGE
53.33
1. FAMILY 32
2. MASS MEDIA 33.33
20
3. HEALTH
PROFESSIONAL 6 10
4. OTHER SPECIFY 2
3.33
 Table No. – 4.1

Distribution of subjects according to age of the mother

N=(60)

S.NO Age OfMother(Yrs) Frequency Percentage

Below 35 27 45

Above 35 08 13.33

Description: In all the 60 subjects there are 35 sample of mother, the majority 27(45%)
between below 35 year of age and 8(13.33%) between above 35 year of age.

Figure no. 4.1 Age of the mother

27.5
22.5
frequency
Frequency

17.5 27

12.5
7.5 8

2.5
below 35 above 35
frequency 27 8

Figure no.4.1:-Bar diagram showing distribution according to age of mothers.

 Table No.-4.2

Distribution of subjects according to age of the father

N=(60)

S.NO AgeOfFather (Yrs) Frequency Percentage

Below 35 18 30

Above 35 07 11.66

Description: In all the 60 subjects ,there are 25 sample of father, the majority 18(30%)
between below 35 year of age of fatherand7(11.66%) between above 35 year of age.

Figure no. 4.1 Age of the father

17
15
13
Frequency

11 18 frequency
9
7
5 7

3
1
below 35 above 35
frequency 18 7

Figure no.4.2:- Bar diagram showing distribution of subject according to age of father.
 Table No.-4.3

Distribution of subjects according to sex of the parents.

N=(60)

S.NO Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 25 41.66

Female 35 58.33

Description: sex of the parent in sample size, the majority 35(58.33%) was mother, and
25(41.66%) male.

Figure no. 4.3 sex of the parents

32.5
27.5
frequency

22.5 35
17.5 25 frequency
12.5
7.5
2.5
Male female
frequency 25 35

sex

Figure no. 4.3 Bar diagram showing distribution of subject according to sex of parents.
 Table No.-4.4

Distribution of subjects according to religion of the parents.

N=(60)

S.NO Religion Frequency Percentage

Hindu 23 38.33

Muslim 30 50

Christian 7 11.66

Description: Religion of the parent Hindu 23(38.33%)and Muslim 30(50%), Christian

7(11.66%) in the sample.

Figure no.-4.4 Religion of the parents

30

27.5 23

22.5
Frequency

17.5
frequency
12.5
7
7.5

2.5
hindu muslim christian
frequency 23 30 7

Religion

Figure no.-4.4 Bar diagram showing distribution of subject according to religion of

parents.
 Table No.-4.5

Distribution of subjects according to education of the parents.

N=(60)

S.NO Education Frequency Percentage

Primary 10 16.66

Secondary 38 63.33

Graduate 8 13.33

Post graduate 4 6.66

Description: education of the parents in the sample size, the majority primary 10(16.66%),
secondary 38(63.33%) graduate 8 (13.33%) and post graduate 4 (6.66%)

Figure no.-4.5 Education of the parents

38
37.5
32.5
27.5
Frequency

22.5
17.5 frequency
10
12.5 8
4
7.5
2.5
primary secondary graduate PG
frequency 10 38 8 4

Education

Figure no.4.5:- Bar diagram showing distribution of subject according to education of

the parents.
 Table No.-4.6

Distribution of subjects according to occupation of the mother.

N=(60)

S.NO Occupation of mother Frequency Percentage

House wife 20 33.33

Private employee 7 11.66

Business 6 10

Govt. employee 2 3.33

Description: Occupation of mother in sample size the majority of house wife 20(33.33%),
private employee 7(11.66%), business 6(10%)and govt. employee women are 2(3.33%).

Figure no.-4.6 Occupation of the mother

20

19
17
15
13
Frequency

11 7
9 6 frequency
7
5 2
3
1
House wife Private employee Business Govt. employee
frequency 20 7 6 2

Occupation

Figure no.4.6 Bar diagram showing distribution of subjects according to occupation of

the mother.
 Table No.-4.7

Distribution of subjects according to occupation of the father.

N=(60)

S.NO Occupation of father Frequency Percentage

unemployed 2 3.33

Private employee 13 21.66

Business 5 8.33

Govt. employee 5 8.33

Description: Occupation of father in sample size the majority of unemployed 2(3.33%),

private employee 13(21.66%), business 5(8.33%)and govt. employee man are 5(8.33%).

Figure no.-4.7 Occupation of the father

13
13
11
9
Frequency

7 5 5
frequency
5 2
3
1
Unemployement Private employee Business Govt. employee

frequency 2 13 5 5

Occupation

Figure no.4.7 Bar diagram showing distribution of subjects according to occupation of

the father.
 Table No.-4.8

Distribution of subjects according to parents family type.

N=(60)

S.NO Family type Frequency Percentage

Joint 35 58.33

Nuclear 25 41.66

Description: sex of the parents in the sample size the majority 25(41.66%), joint family and
35(58.33%)are nuclear family.

Figure no. 4.8 Family type of the parents

32.5
27.5
frequency

22.5 35
17.5 25 frequency
12.5
7.5
2.5
Joint Nuclear
frequency 25 35

Family type

Figure no.4.8:- Bar diagram showing distribution of subject according to family type of
the parents.
 Table No.-4.9

Distribution of subjects according to monthly income or the parents.

N=(60)

S.NO Monthly income Frequency Percentage

Below 10000/- 29 48.33

Above 10000/- 31 51.33

Description: monthly income of the parents 29(48.55%) between below 10000/- and
31(51.33%) above 10000/-.

Figure no. 4.9 Monthly income of the parents

30.75
30.25
frequency

31
29.75 frequency
29.25
29
28.75
28.25
Below 10000 Above 10000
frequency 29 31

Income

Figure no.4.9:- Bar diagram showing distribution of subject according to monthly

income of the parents.
 Table No.-4.10

Distribution of subjects according to source of previous knowledge of

parents.

N=(60)

S.NO Source of previous knowledge Frequency Percentage

Family 32 53.33

Mass media 20 33.33

Health professional 6 10

Other specify 2 3.33

Description: In this subject 32(53.33%) of the parents have the knowledge from family,
20(33.33%) of parents have knowledge from mass media, 6(10%) of parents have knowledge
from health professional, 2(3.33%) of parents have knowledge from other specify.

Figure no.4.10 source of previous knowledge of parents

32
32.5
27.5 20
22.5
Frequency

17.5
frequency
12.5 6
7.5 2
2.5
Family Mass media Health profes- Other specify
sional
frequency 32 20 6 2

Source

Figure no.4.10:- Bar diagram showing distribution of subject according to source of

previous knowledge or parents.
 SECTION-2

It deal with the analysis of the data related to knowledge score before and
after planned teaching programme.

Table No.-4.11

Allotment of score for assessment of knowledge of the parents.

N=(60)

S.NO Criteria Scoring

1 Poor 0-10

2 Average 11-20

3 Good 21-30

Description: The table indicates the assessment of knowledge by asking questions of parents
knowledge regarding parent child relationship. Score can be categorized in to three categories
(good , average , poor)
 Table No.-4.12

Assessment of pretest knowledge score of parents.

N=(60)

S.N. Criteria Frequency Percentage Mean SD

1 poor 30 50%

2 average 30 50% 9.55 5.18

3 good 0 0
The data presented clearly indicate that 30 parents have average knowledge 30 parents have
poor knowledge regarding child parent relationship.

The mean (9.55)and SD (5.18) also justify the knowledge.

Figure no.-4.12 Pre test knowledge of the parents

30 30

27.5

22.5
Frequency

17.5
frequency
12.5

7.5
0
2.5
Poor Average Good
frequency 30 30 0

knowledge

Figure no.4.12 :- Bar diagram showing pre test knowledge score of the parents.
 Table No.-4.13

Assessment of post test score of parents

N=(60)

S.N. Criteria Frequency Percentage Mean SD

1 poor 4 6.66

2 average 25 41.66 19.63 5.41

3 good 31 51.66
The data presented clearly indicate that 31 parents have good knowledge, 25 parents have
average knowledge and 4 parents have poor knowledge regarding child parent relationship.

The mean (19.63)and SD (5.41) also justify the knowledge.

Figure no.-4.13 Post test knowledge of the parents

31
32.5
25
27.5
22.5
Frequency

17.5 frequency
12.5
4
7.5
2.5
Poor Average Good
frequency 4 25 31

knowledge

Figure no.4.12 :- Bar diagram showing post test knowledge score of the parents.
 SECTION-3

It deals with the analysis effectiveness of the planned teaching programme

on knowledge of parents.

Table No.-4.14

Correlation between pre and post knowledge of parents.

N=(60)

S.N TEST MEAN SD CORELATION

.

1 Pre test 9.55 5.18

knowledge
0.83
2 Post test 19.63 5.14
knowledge

The comparison between pre and post knowledge made by correlation. Correlation is the
appropriate satirical method to compare the pre (9.55) and the post test (19.63) Knowledge
score the result shows positive correlation.
 TABLE NO. 4.15
Comparison of pre and post knowledge of parents regarding parent child relationship.

N=(60)

S.NO. Test Mean Mean SD SD t-value

difference difference

1. Pre-test 9.55 10.08 5.18 0.23 7.426

2. Post-test 19.63 5.41

The data presented clearly indicates that the pre-test poor score was 30 and post test poor was
4, the pre test average score was 30 and post test average score was 25, the good pre test
score was 0 and the good post test score was 31.

figure no. 4.15 Comparison between pre and post test

knowledge og the parents
30 30 30
30
25 20
Frequency

20
15
10 5
5 0
0
poor Average Good
knowledge

pre test post test

Figure no. 4.15 Bar diagram showing comparison of pre test and post test knowledge of
the parents regarding parent child relationship.
 SECTION -4
It deal with association between pre test knowledge with the selected demographic
variables.

TABLE NO 4.16
Association of pre test knowledge of parents with selected demographic variables.

N=(60)

S. Variable Poor Average Good Total DF Chi P- Interference

N value value

1 Age of
mother(yrs)

Below 35 9 9 0 18

Above 35 9 8 0 17 4 180 0 MS

2 Age of
father(yrs)

Below 35 10 8 0 18

Above 35 4 3 0 7 4 60 0 MS

3 Sex

Male 10 15 0 25

Female 20 15 0 35 2 60 0 MS

4 Religion

Hindu 11 12 0 23

Muslim 15 15 0 30 4 9.2 0.162 NS

Christian 4 3 0 7

5 Education of
parents

Primary 5 5 0 10

Secondary 25 13 0 38
 Graduate 0 8 0 8 6 11.099 0.268 NS

Post graduate 0 4 0 4

6 Occupation of
mother

House wife 10 10 0 20

Private 0 7 0 7
employee

Business 3 3 0 6 6 75.85 0 MS

Govt. employee 2 0 0 2

7 Occupation of
father

unemployment 1 1 0 2

Private 8 5 0 13
employee

Business 5 0 0 5 6 60 0 MS

Govt . 3 2 0 5
employee

8 Type of family

Joint family 10 25 0 35

Nuclear family 20 5 0 25 2 10.896 0.0123 S

9 Income of
family month

Below 10000 30 28 0 58

Above 10000 0 2 0 2 6 8.979 0.439 NS

10 Source of
previous
knowledge

Family 16 16 0 32

Mass media 10 10 0 20 4 6.003 0.422 NS

Health 0 6 0 6
 professional

Other specify 0 2 0 2

Result significant at 0.05% level of significance.

ABBREVATION:

MS: Most significant

S: Significant

NS: Not significant

NP: Not possible

Description :Table no- 4.18 reveals that the association between knowledge of parents
regarding parents child relationship with demographic variables is statistically tested by
applying chi- square test the age of the parents was found most significant. The variable sex,
education, region, type of family, occupational of mother and father , monthly income of the
parents were found significant.

This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data collection from 60 samples
i.e. parents regarding parents child relationship, both the descriptive and inferential statistics
were used in the analysis of data.
 CHAPTER – V

DISCUSSION

The chapter discussion the main finding of the research study and reviews that are in
relation to the findings from the results of the present study. In order to achieve the
objectives of the study a pre experimental (one group pre-test post-test) design was
adopted. The subject was evaluated using planned questionnaire for socio demographic
data and knowledge questionnaire for socio demographic data and knowledge
questionnaire on parent child relationship.

5.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Health Awareness Programme on Knowledge

Regarding Brisk Walking as an Exercise Among the Office Worker of Selected Office of
Jabalpur”.

5.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY WERE-

 Assess the exercise pattern of office workers.

 Assess the pre-test knowledge score of office worker regarding brisk walking as an
exercise among office workers.
 Assess the post-test knowledge score of office worker regarding brisk walking as an
exercise.
 Assess the effectiveness of health awareness program on brisk walking as an exercise
by comparing the pre-test and post-test knowledge score.
 Determine the association between the pre-test knowledge score of office worker
with selected demographic variables.

5.3 HYPOTHESIS-

H1: - There will be significant mean difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge
score of office worker after administration of health awareness program.
H2: - There will be significant association between pre-test knowledge score of office
workers with selected demographic variables.

The main aim of study was to identify the knowledge level of the office worker regarding
brisk walking as an exercise and effectiveness of health awareness program on office
workers.

The reason for taking of this study was to fact that now a day. Brisk walking as an exercise is
common problem which effect the health status and mental growth of the sedentary office
workers. It also effects the environment of the family.

In this study the independent variables are health awareness program and the dependent
variables is the knowledge of office workers regarding brisk walking as an exercise.

For the study the tool was given for reliability and validity to the experts and were made
according to the expert’s opinions.

The pilot study was conducted on 06 office workers to assess the feasibility of study and to
decide the data analysis plan. The finding of pilot study indicated that there were no major
changes in the feasibility and the design questionnaire.

The data for final study was collected from 08/01/2020 to 14/01/2020 based on objectives
and hypothesis. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The descriptive statistics
used were frequency and percentage.

5.4 MAJOR FINDINGS

 The major finding of the study is summarized as followed:

 Finding related to demographic characteristics of the sample:
 Out of 60 samples most of the sample 23(38.33%) were in age group of 46-60 years.
 Majority of sample 31(51.67%) were studied up to post graduate level only.
 Most of the samples most of the samples 22(36.67%) were office-based work.
 Most of the samples 47(78.34%) marital status.
 Most of the samples 36(60%) belong to joint family.
 Most of the samples 53(88.34%) no previous knowledge.
Finding related to knowledge regarding brisk walking as an exercise most of the 53(88.34%)
sample were gained no previous knowledge, 01(1.67%) were gained knowledge from the
health professionals, 2(3.33%) were gained knowledge from the family friend and 4(6.67%)
were gained knowledge form mass media.

Finding related to knowledge score after administration of health awareness program. The
finding shows that 05(8.33%) of office worker have average knowledge and 55(91.66%)
office worker have good knowledge.

Finding related to comparison of pretest and posttest knowledge.

The finding shows that means post knowledge score (19.63) is apparently higher than the
pretest knowledge score (9.55). the depression score (SD=5.18) is less than that of the post
test score (SD= 5.41) and computed paired value shows that there is significant difference
between pre test and post test mean knowledge score (t = 7.426, p<_0.01 level). This
indicates the health awareness program is effective in increase knowledge score of office
worker regarding brisk walking as an exercise.

Finding related to association between the pretest knowledge scores and the selected
demographic variables.

The finding shows that the association between the knowledge of office worker with
demographic variables is statistically tested by applying chi-square test and variable age of
office worker, age, gender, education, type of family, type of work and previous knowledge
about brisk walking as an exercise were not found significant at 0.05 level. Variable in
Gender, education, occupation, was found significant at level 0.05 level.

5.5 DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS:

In this major finding of the study are discussed in line with objectives, hypothesis, review of
literature is related to similar study.

5.5.1 KNOWLEDGE SCORE OF PARENTS:

The finding of the present study showed that in pretest knowledge majority 47(78.34%)
have poor knowledge and 13(21.76%) have average knowledge regarding brisk walking as
an exercise. After administration of health awareness program regarding sedentary office
worker the mean of post test knowledge (19.63) it shows good knowledge regarding
knowledge of brisk walking as an exercise.

Above study supported that findings of the pretest study were conducted by Siswanto E.
Bhuiyan S.U., Chompikul in year (2007) to describe socio demographic factor of office
worker, office worker knowledge and office worker perception of brisk walking as an
exercise. Study was conducted by interviewing 60 office workers in the BSNL office by using
questionnaire. Around 60 % of the office workers had fair knowledge about brisk walking as
an exercise. From this result, it was found that only a few office workers answered all the
questions correctly in term of behavior of the office worker (7%) and around (21%) of the
office worker answered all the question correctly in terms of behavior of office worker and
physical and psychological growth of the office worker.

5.5.2 EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH AWARENESS PROGRAMME: -

The study shows that there is good effected of health awareness programmed on
knowledge of office worker. The t value of pretest and post test knowledge score (7.426)
was significant.

These value show that there is marked improvement in knowledge of office worker. A study
was conducted by CHEE KRONG CHEN in 2016 at university of science Malaysia to assess the
effectiveness of health awareness programme on knowledge regarding brisk walking and
resistant training cardio respiratory training of overweight and obese individual who are
working in selected office of Malaysia. An evaluative research approach with quasi-
experimental pretest and posttest control group adopted. The study includes 60 overweight
and obese individual who were selected as sample by non-probability purposive sampling
technique. Results showed that overall mean knowledge score (pretest posttest) and,
mean attitude score are (pre-test , post-test ). The findings signify that the health
awareness program was enhanced the knowledge and to change daily physical activity of
overweight and obese individual.

5.6 ASSOCITATION BETWEEN PRETEST KNOWLEDGE AND SELECTED

DEMOGHAPHIC VARIABLE: -
The study shows most of the variables indicates no significance relation with knowledge,
age, gender, education, type of family of office workers.

5.6.1 AGE AND KNOWLEDGE OF OFFICE WORKERS: -

The office workers study shows significant relationship with age in the years. The chi-square
value for age in years is 150 which are significant at 0.05 levels.

These findings are similar to the finding reported by M. Kronson (2011) that the age groups
of 60 year or above old age group office workers were having more knowledge of brisk
walking as an exercise comparison to others. The chi-square value of age was 9 which are
significant at 0.05 level.
 CHAPTER VI

SUMMARY

Summary include objectives, hypothesis, assumption, and finding of the study.

“A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Health Awareness Programme On Knowledge

Regarding Brisk Walking as an Exercise Among the Office Worker of Selected Office of
Jabalpur.”

Whether you are walking for fitness or weight loss, you should walk fast enough to achieve a
fat-burning walking pace. Walking at a brisk pace is a moderate-intensity cardio exercise.
The speed of a brisk pace is different for each person as it depends on your heart rate, age,
and level of fitness.

A brisk walking pace can be from 13 to 20 minutes per mile, or from 3.0 mph to 4.5 mph. At
this pace, you should be breathing noticeably but able to speak in full sentences.

If your walking pace is 20 minutes per mile it may be either fast enough to be moderate-
intensity exercise or too slow. If you are more fit, it might be only be light-intensity exercise.
You can only determine this by understanding what the moderate-intensity zone feels like
and what heart rate will put you into that zone.

If you've decided it is time to start walking for health, fitness, and weight loss, you've
already taken a great first step. Walking is an effective, natural way to achieve the daily
physical activity amount recommended for weight management and good health.

Walking helps you burn calories and fat, which is necessary for weight loss. The
recommendation is 60 minutes a day a few times a week. Generally, for a 160-pound
person, walking will burn about 100 calories per mile. Best of all, it's cheap — no expensive
gym membership needed — and it can be done anywhere. Combined with a balanced diet,
you can start achieving your goals.
6.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 Assess the exercise pattern of office workers.

 Assess the pre-test knowledge score of office worker regarding brisk walking as
an exercise among office workers.
 Assess the post-test knowledge score of office worker regarding brisk walking as
an exercise.
 Assess the effectiveness of health awareness program on brisk walking as an
exercise by comparing the pre-test and post-test knowledge score.
 Determine the association between the pre-test knowledge score of office
worker with selected demographic variables.

6.2 HYPOTHESIS

H1: - There will be significant mean difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge
score of office worker after administration of health awareness program.

H2: - There will be significant association between pre-test knowledge score of office
workers with selected demographic variables.

The review of literature was divided in this study into two group in which first is the review
of literature related to brisk walking as an exercise of office worker and second is the
effectiveness of health awareness program.

The research method adopted for this study was quasi experimental, one group pre-test
post-test design. Non randomized purposive sampling techniques used for data collection.
Total 60 samples were collected.

The independent variable of the study was the health awareness program and dependent
variable was development of brisk walking as an exercise.

The tools used for data collection were-

Section A: - Deals with the demographic data such as the age, gender, education, marital
status, type of family, the type of working, previous knowledge about brisk walking.

Section B: - Deals with the life style variables. In this section such questionnaires were given
to know the life style pattern of sedentary office worker of selected BSNL office of Jabalpur
(M.P.).

 Have you ever had any medical health assessment in your job?
 Have you ever been told by a doctor that you have a high blood pressure or
overweight [Obesity]?
 Are there any exercise facilities or programs where you work?
 Do you usually exercise daily?
 Do you eat three times meal regularly at fixed time?
 Do you eat outside food every day?
 Are you on any of the special diet?
 Do you sleep six/eight hours in a day?
 Have you ever smoked cigarettes?
 Do you play out door games in your free time?

Section C: - Deals with the assessment of knowledge regarding brisk walking as an exercise,
which was divided into the following broad aspects.

 To introduce the topic

 To define brisk walking as an exercise
 Enlist the goals of brisk walking
 To teach them about the indication of brisk walking
 To explain the benefits of brisk walking
 Describe the pre requirement of brisk walking
 Explain the method of brisk walking
 To conclude the brisk walking

30 structured questionnaire which consist of introduction, definition of brisk walking as an

exercise and the types of brisk walking as an exercise and the knowledge regarding life style.
Scoring of questionnaires which poor (0-10) good (21-30) respectively.

The content validity of the tool was done by sending the 10 experts were from the nursing
and medical field of Community Health and Medical Surgical which suggested that the tool
was valid.

The pilot study was done on 6 samples and the feasibility of the study was established. It
was found that the tool had no major flaws and was used for the final study the actual study
was conducted on 60 samples and data was collected from selected BSNL office of Jabalpur
(M.P.) Based on objectives and hypothesis, the collected data was analyzed by using
descriptive and inferential statistics.

Finding of the study revealed that the health awareness program was effectives in order to
increase the brisk walking exercise activity in there sedentary life style. On the whole,
carrying out the study was really an exciting experience to the investigator.

It also helped a great deal to explore and improve the knowledge of the investigator. The
constant encouragement and guidance of the guide contributed to the fruitful completion of
the study.
 CHAPTER VII
CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, LIMITATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter deals with conclusion of the study, implication for nursing practice, nursing
education, nursing administration and nursing research, followed by its limitation and
recommendations to research in future.

7.1 CONCLUSION
After the detailed analysis, this study leads to the following conclusion: - the pre test
knowledge of office worker regarding brisk walking as an exercise was average. Health
awareness program was effective in order to improve the knowledge of office worker.
The mean pre test score was , the post test mean score of sample was the
mean difference between the pre- test and post -test knowledge score is this mean
that health awareness program was effective in order to increase the knowledge of office
worker regarding brisk walking as an exercise.
The comparison between the pre test and post test knowledge score was done by applying
the t-test and the result obtained was at the level of significance. It also
indicated that good result were obtained after administration of health awareness program.
Thus, it is concluded that the health awareness program was effective. The association
findings were done to find out the relationship of knowledge with the selected demographic
variables by using chi square test and calculating the p value, it was found that the socio
demographic variables like age, gender, educational status, marital status, type of family
found significant. Other variables like monthly income and occupation were not found
significance.
The first hypothesis H1:- There will be significant mean difference between pre-test and
post-test knowledge score of office worker after administration of health awareness
program. The findings shows that pre-test mean knowledge score of office worker score was
post test score of sample was .
H2:-There will be significant association between pre-test knowledge score of office workers
with selected demographic variables. The finding shows that the variables such as age was
found to be most significance and other variables. Tis was statistically tested by applying chi-
square test. Hence hypothesis is accepted.
Hence, on the basis of above findings, it could be concluded undoubtedly that the health
awareness program was effective to increase the knowledge of office workers regarding
brisk walking as an exercise.

7.2 IMPLICATIONS
Every person has the right to health by law. Attainment of health is everyone’s
responsibility. Such person should seek knowledge regarding health within his or her reach,
capacity, pace and interest. Necessary knowledge gained at the right time ensures positive
attitude and practices.
The present study findings have implications for nursing practice, nursing education, nursing
administration, nursing research and community education.

7.3 NURSING PRACTICE

In view of the findings of the study that is being aware of the level of knowledge of office
worker regarding brisk walking as an exercise, various nursing implication arise them to
improve their knowledge.
 A health awareness program should be organized to assess the ideal health status of
the office workers.
 Health checkup should make compulsory.
 Audio visual aides can be used in the various BSNL office to give health education to
the office workers regarding brisk walking as an exercise.
 Health education should be provided to office worker using AV aids showing how to
do brisk walking as an exercise and their importance.
 In-service education program should be periodically organized to enlighten the
midwife to gain knowledge about brisk walking as an exercise and advocate a simple
explanation of the technique carried out.

7.4 NURSING EDUCATION

 Nursing education is developing rapidly in India and nurse from our country can be
found all over the world providing care and education.
 The education curriculum must include imparting knowledge about the various
audio-visual aids and teaching strategies.
 Adequate knowledge should be given to nursing student they can provide
information about brisk walking exercise to their friends, family members and
community.
 Education has the opportunity to play an important role in changing the behaviors of
learners.
 The nursing teacher can use the result of the study as information for the nursing
students. Nursing education should help in inculcating values and a sense of
responsibility in the student to educate office worker regarding brisk walking as an
exercise. This is an essential part of nursing.

7.5 NURSING ADMINISTRATION

 As a part of administration, the nurse administrator plays a vital role in educating
office worker and office drivers.
  Nursing personnel can be a good educator practitioner for the sedentary office
worker.
 In the office, the office worker is over loaded with the work they are not getting the
time to do brisk walking exercise. they are providing the nursing services.
 The nurse administrator can enhance the knowledge of the office worker and office
drivers.
 Administrator can impart knowledge about newer trends in societal needs and in
training the subordinates. Administrator can also motivate the office worker to
develop and use information material to impart knowledge about brisk walking as an
exercise.

The findings of the study should be used for making health policies and awareness
program and serve as a basis of in-service education programs for nurse so as to make them
aware of the one of the main problems of the society.

7.6 NURSING RESEARCH

Nursing research is an essential aspect of nursing as it uplifts the profession and
development new nursing norms and a body of knowledge. Another research has been
added to the nursing literature. Very few studies have been done on a similar basis. The
research design, findings and the tool can be used as avenues for further research.
It is the hours need for extensive research in the area of strategies for educating nurses on
the health in terms of increasing knowledge. The nurse researcher should be able to
conduct research on various aspects of brisk walking as an exercise to great more scientific
data. Findings of the studies will provide insight and baseline data for educating the nurses.
It can used as reference for the further studies.
The generalization of the study, result can be made by replication of the study. More
research needs to be conducted with large sample size in different setting.

7.7 LIMITATION
The following factors were beyond the control of investigator.
 The present study could not include group (secretary and SDM) due to ethical
consideration.
 Study of other factors related to knowledge i.e. practice, attitude of office worker
toward brisk walking exercise could not be studied due to time constraints. Thus, the
generalization of findings is limited.
 The study was confined to only 60 samples.
 Since the study was mainly on the assessment on the knowledge of subject through
knowledge questionnaire and no other tool was undertaken.
 The effectiveness of health awareness program was determined through a single
post -test. No attempt was made to measure the retention of knowledge due to time
constraints.
  Limited time was available for data collection.
 Non random sampling (purposive sampling) was adopted limits the generalization of
findings.
 The study is limited to population that read and understands English.
 The study will be limited to office workers.
 The study will be limited to office workers who are work in selected office of
Jabalpur (M.P.).
 The study was limited to the experience level of the investigator.

7.8 RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on findings of the study the following recommendation are proposed:

7.9 FOR RESEARCHER

 A randomized large sample may study to assess the knowledge of sedentary office
worker.
 An evaluative study can be undertaken to assess the knowledge of sedentary office
worker before and after the health awareness program.
 An observation study can be conducted in the actual practice for a period of time.
 A comparative study may be conducted to assess the knowledge of sedentary office
worker regarding brisk walking as an exercise.
 A comparative study may be conducted to assess the knowledge of people in office.

7.10 FOR ADMINISTRATOR

 In the lunch time of the BSNL office, the nurses get time to talk with office worker for
explaining the importance of brisk walking exercise.
 A conference room may be available for the seminar were the media facilities keep
them occupied through health education and measures of brisk walking exercise.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS:

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Disease, (2008), third edition, page no 189.
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23-26.
JOURNALS

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journalof personality Assessment,71-75.
4. Enns M.W.,CoxB.J.,Clara l 2002 Parental bonding and adult psychopathology
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5. Gale C.R.,Booth T.,MottusR..,KuhD.L.,J 2013 Neuroticism and extraversion in youth
predict mental well being and life satisfaction 40 years laterjourna of research in
personality ,687-697
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selves
.Retrieved Jan 24,2004from htt://W.W.W.nichd.nih.gov/publication/plaget.
7. McEvoy,M(2003).Culture and spirituality as an integrated concept in pediatric care

American Journal of maternal Child Nursing .page:39-43

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Management
,Journal of Nursing Research.,April (2018)
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WEBSITE

 W.W.W.nacd.org
 W.W.W.piaget.org
 W.W.W.keepkidshealthy.com/growthcharts
  W.W.W.wikipedia.com
ANNEXURE-IV

LIST OF EXPERTS

1. Prof. (Mrs.) Dr. Sapna das. (principal)

PRINCIPAL & H.O.D. OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING (JINSAR)

2. Prof. (Mrs.) Dr. Vinitha suresh

H.O.D. OF MIDWIFRY AND GYNAECOLOGY NURSING, PROFESSORE
(JINSAR)

3. Prof. (Mrs.) Surbhi R. Kehari

H.O.D. CHILD HEALTH NURSING, PROFESSOR (JINSAR)

4. Dr.(Mr.)Anoop Tiwari
PROFESSOR (JINSAR)

5. Mrs. Princey Shaji

PROFESSOR(JINSAR)

6. Mrs. Sangeeta Pillai

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR(JINSAR)

7. Mrs. Anubhooti Jogi

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR (JINSAR)

8. Mrs. Aradhana Dhanywad

 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR(JINSAR)

9. Mrs. Sarika Ratish

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR(JINSAR)

10.Mr. Amit Jhariya

ASSISSTANT PROFESSOR(JINSAR)
 ANNEXURE-V

STATISTICAL CIRTIFICATE

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This is certified that Ms. Angelina Samuel Lal D/O Mr. Glorious Lal, Ms. Arti
Mahara D /O Mr. Lakhan Lal Mahara, Ms. Bharti Chamar D/O Mr. Ramji Prasad,
respectively, is a student’s of.B.sc nursing 4 th year of Jabalpur institute of nursing
sciences and research in the session 2020.

We have done the analysis (statistical) work of both candidates.

Dr. Anoop Kumar Tiwari

(Professor)
JINSAR
 ANNEXTURE-VI

CERTIFICATION OF VALIDATION

This is to certify that the tool constructor by Ms. Angelina Samuel Lal, Ms. Arti Mahara,
Ms. Bharti Chamar, of B.Sc. Nursing final year of Jabalpur institute of nursing sciences and
research, Jabalpur to be used in their “A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Health
Awareness Programme On Knowledge Regarding Brisk Walking as an Exercise Among the
Office Worker of Selected Office of Jabalpur”

THE SUGGESTIONS AND OPINION ARE WRITTEN TO THE CONDIDATE.

THE TOOL CAN BE USED FOR THE STUDY
Name:
Signature:
Designation:
Name of the collage:
Date:
Place:
Suggestion:
 ANSWER KEY
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. A
11. A
12. B
13. D
14. B
15. D
16. A
17. D
18. B
19. A
20. C
21. B
22. C
23. A
24. A
25. C
26. B
27. C
28. B
29. A
30. A
 ANNEXURE-VII

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERNS

This is to certify that the questionnaire and lesson plan of the “A Study to Assess the
Effectiveness of Health Awareness Programme On Knowledge Regarding Brisk Walking as
an Exercise Among the Office Worker of Selected Office of Jabalpur”Which were in english
were translated by Ms. Angelina Samuel, Ms. Arti Mahara ,Ms. Bharti Chamar under my
guidance.

Date:

Name:

Designation:
 LESSON PLAN ON: BLADDER IRRIGATION
Name of Student -: Miss. Angelina Samuel Lal
-: Miss. Arti Mahara
-: Miss. Bharti Chamar
Batch/Class -: B.Sc. Nursing 4thYear
Size of Class -: 60 Students
Subject -: Nursing research and statistics
Topic -: brisk walking as an exercise
Duration -: 1Hours
Date and Time -:
Previous Knowledge -: There is some little knowledge about the topic.
Method of Teaching -: Lecture, discussion and question answering method.
A.V. Aids -: Projector, flip Chart, Poster, video clips.

OBEJCTIVES -:
 General Objectives-: brisk walking can reduce the magnitude of blood pressure and
other problems related to health.
 Specific Objectives-: The workers will be able to
o To introduce topic
o To define brisk walking as an exercise
o Enlist the goal of brisk walking
o To teach them about the indication of brisk walking
o To explain the benefits of brisk walking
o Describe the pre-requirement of brisk walking
o Explain the methods of brisk walking
o To conclude the brisk walking