Ihsc 108
Ihsc 108
Ihsc 108
(b)
fp=k 8.4
98 foKku
ugha f[kldrk gSA ,slk blfy, gS D;ksafd ?k"kZ.k cy vkSj uhps igq¡prs&igq¡prs ;g ,d fuf'pr osx izkIr
vHkh Hkh /osQyus okys cy dks larqfyr dj jgk gSA dj ysrh gSA fp=k 8-5(b) esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj] tc ;g
vxj cPps cDls dks ”;knk ”kksj ls èkosQyrs gSa rc dk¡p dh xksyh Åij dh vksj p<+rh gS rc bldk
èkosQyus okyk cy ?k"kZ.k cy ls vfèkd gks tkrk gS osx ?kVrk gSA fp=k 8-5(c) esa nksuksa vksj ls ,d
¹fp=k 8-4(c)ºA ;gk¡ vlarfq yr cy dk;Z djrk gS] vkn'kZ ?k"kZ.kjfgr vkur ry ij ,d xksyh fLFkj gSA
blfy, cDlk f[kldus yxrk gSA xSyhfy;ks us roZQ fn;k fd tc xksyh dks ckb± vksj
tc ge lkbfdy pykrs gS]a rks D;k gksrk gS\ ls NksM+k tkrk gS rc ;g <ky ij uhps dh vksj
iSMy pykuk can djus ij lkbfdy dh xfr /heh yq<+osQxh rFkk nkb± vksj osQ vkur ry ij mruh gh
gksus yxrh gSA ,slk blfy, gksrk gS] D;ksfa d ?k"kZ.k cy Å¡pkbZ rd tk,xh] ftruh Å¡pkbZ ls mls NksM+k x;k
xfr dh fn'kk osQ foijhr fn'kk esa dk;Z djrk gSA FkkA ;fn nksuksa vksj osQ ryksa osQ >qdko leku gSa rks
lkbfdy dks xfr esa j[kus osQ fy, gesa fiQj ls iSMy xksyh mruh gh nwjh p<+sxh ftruh nwj rd fd og
pykuk iM+rk gSA bl voLFkk esa ,slk izrhr gksrk gS yq<+dh FkhA vxj nkb± vksj osQ vkur ry osQ dks.k
fd fdlh oLrq dks lrr~ xfr'khy cuk, j[kus osQ dks /hjs&/hjs de fd;k tk, rks xksyh dks ewy
fy, ,d vlarfq yr cy dh vko';drk gSA rFkkfi Å¡pkbZ izkIr djus osQ fy, vf/d nwjh r; djuh
og fcyoqQy xyr gSA dksbZ oLrq leku osx osQ lkFk gksxhA vxj bl ry dks {kSfrt dj fn;k tk,
osQoy rHkh xfr'khy jg ldrh gS] tc ml ij yxus (vFkkZr~ <ky dks 'kwU; dj fn;k tk,) rks xksyh ewy
okyk cy (cká rFkk ?k"kZ.k) larfq yr gksrs gSa rFkk Å¡apkbZ izkIr djus osQ fy, {kSfrt ry ij yxkrkj
oLrq ij dksbZ usV cká cy dk;Z ugha djrk gSA vxj pyrh gh jgsxhA ;gk¡ xksyh ij yxus okyk vlarqfyr
fdlh oLrq ij vlarfq yr cy yxk;k tkrk gS] rks cy 'kwU; gSA bl izdkj ;g Kkr gksrk gS fd xksyh
mlosQ osx esa ifjorZu ;k mldh fn'kk esa ifjorZu dh xfr dks cnyus osQ fy, ,d vlarqfyr cká
gksrk gSA bl izdkj fdlh oLrq dks Rofjr djus osQ cy dh vko';drk gksrh gS ysfdu xksyh dh xfr
fy, ,d vlarfq yr cy dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj
mldh xfr ;k xfr dh fn'kk esa rc rd ifjorZu
gksrk jgsxk tc rd ;g larfq yr cy ml ij dk;Z
djrk jgsxkA rFkkfi] ;g cy gVk ysus ij] oLrq izkIr
gq, osx ls xfreku jgsxhA
100 foKku
fdlh eksVj xkM+h esa ;k=kk djrs le; gksus okys • ,d vU; xksVh (;k LVªkbdj) dks viuh vaxfq y;ksa
vuqHkoksa dh O;k[;k tM+Ro osQ fu;e }kjk dh tk ls rhozrk ls {kSfrt >Vdk nsdj <sjh dh lcls
uhps okyh xksVh ij Vdjkb,A ;fn vki xksVh
ldrh gSA lhV osQ lkis{k ge rc rd fojkekOkLFkk esa
dks Ik;kZIr rhozrk ls Vdjkrs gSa rks vki ns[ksaxs
jgrs gSa tc rd fd eksVjxkM+h dks jksdus osQ fy, czd s fd osQoy uhps okyh xksVh gh 'kh?kzrk ls <sjh
u yxkbZ tk,A czd s yxk, tkus ij xkM+h osQ lkFk lhV ls ckgj vkrh gSA uhps okyh xksVh osQ ckgj vk
Hkh fojkekoLFkk esa vk tkrh gS] ijarq gekjk 'kjhj tkus osQ ckn 'ks"k xksfV;k¡ vius tM+Ro osQ dkj.k
tM+Ro osQ dkj.k xfrt voLFkk esa gh cus jgus dh yacor~ fn'kk esa uhps dh vksj ^fxj* tkrh gaAS
izof` Ùk j[krk gSA vpkud czd s yxus ij lhV osQ vkxs
yxs iSuy ls Vdjkdj ge ?kk;y Hkh gks ldrs gSAa bl
rjg dh nq?kZVukvksa ls cpus osQ fy, lqj{kk csYV dk
mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;s lqj{kk csYV gekjs vkxs c<+us
dh xfr dks /hek djrh gSA blosQ foijhr vuqHko fp=k 8.6: fdlh rhoz xfr dh oSQje dh xksVh (;k
gesa rc gksrk gS tc ge eksVj cl eas [kM+s gksrs gSa ,oa LVªkbdj) ls Vdjk dj <sjh osQ lcls uhps
eksVj cl vpkud py iM+rh gSA bl fLFkfr esa ge okyh xksVh gh <sjh ls ckgj vkrh gSA
ihNs dh vksj >qd tkrs gSAa ,slk blfy, gksrk gS] fØ;kdyki ______________ 8.2
D;ksfa d eksVj cl osQ vpkud xfr esa vk tkus ls
dk¡p osQ ,d [kkyh fxykl osQ Åij ,d dM+s
gekjk iSj] tks eksVj cl osQ i+Q'kZ osQ laioZQ esa jgrk
•
rk'k dk iÙkk j[ksaA
gS] xfr esa vk tkrk gSA ijarq 'kjhj dk Åijh Hkkx • vc fp=k 8-7 esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj iÙks osQ Åij
tM+Ro osQ dkj.k bl xfr dk fojks/ djrk gSA ik¡p #Ik;s dk ,d flDdk j[ksAa iÙks dks vaxfq y;ksa
tc dksbZ eksVjdkj rhoz xfr osQ lkFk fdlh ls rhoz {kSfrt >Vdk nsaA
rh{.k eksM+ ij eqM+rh gS rks ge ,d vksj >qdus • vki ik,¡xs fd iÙkk vkxs f[kld tkrk gS rFkk
yxrs gSaA bls Hkh tM+Ro osQ fu;e ls le>k tk flDdk vius tM+Ro osQ dkj.k uhps dh vksj
fxykl esa fxj tkrk gSA ,slk blfy, gksrk gS
ldrk gSA gekjk 'kjhj viuh ,d ljy js[kh; xfr D;ksafd iÙks osQ gVus osQ ckn Hkh flDdk viuh
dks cuk, j[kuk pkgrk gSA tc eksVj dkj dh fn'kk fojkekoLFkk dks cuk, j[kuk pkgrk gSA
dks cnyus osQ fy, batu }kjk ,d vlarqfyr cy
yxk;k tkrk gS rc ge vius 'kjhj osQ tM+Ro osQ
dkj.k lhV ij ,d vksj >qd tkrs gSaA
,d oLrq rc rd viuh fojkekoLFkk esa jgsxh
tc rd fd ml ij dksbZ vlarfq yr cy ugha yxk gSA fp=k 8.7: vaxqyh ls rk'k osQ iÙks dks >Vdk nsus ij iÙks osQ
mQij j[kk flDdk uhps dh vksj fxykl esa fxj
bls fuEu xfrfof/ }kjk iznf'kZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
tkrk gSA
fØ;kdyki ______________ 8.1 fØ;kdyki ______________ 8.3
• fp=k 8-6 esa n'kkZ, vuqlkj ,d gh rjg dh • ikuh ls Hkjk fxykl fdlh Vªs ij jf[k,A
oSQje dh xksfV;ksa dks ,d osQ Åij ,d j[kdj • Vªs dks gkFk ls idM+dj ftruh rsth ls gks
<sjh cuk,¡A losQ] ?kwe tkb,A
iz
ikuh Nyd tkrk gS] D;ksa\ nzO;eku mlosQ tM+Ro dh eki gSA
D;k vki vc le>s fd IysV esa di dks j[kus osQ
fy, [kk¡pk D;ksa cuk gksrk gS\ vpkud >Vdk yxus dh 'u
n'kk ea]s IysV dk [kk¡pk di dks fxjus ls jksdrk gSA 1. fuEu esa fdldk tM+Ro vf/d gS% (a) ,d
jcj dh xsan ,oa mlh vkdkj dk iRFkj]
8.3 tM+ R o rFkk nz O ;eku (b) ,d lkbfdy ,oa ,d jsyxkM+h]
vHkh rd fn, lHkh mnkgj.kksa vkSj xfrfof/;ksa ls Kkr (c) i¡kp #i;s dk ,d flDdk ,oa ,d
102 foKku
mls ?kk;y dj ldrh gSA lM+d osQ fdukjs [kM+s xfr dk f}rh; fu;e ;g crkrk gS fd fdlh
fdlh Vªd ls dksbZ nq?kZVuk ugha gksrhA ijarq 5 m s–1 oLrq osQ laosx esa ifjorZu dh nj ml ij yxus okys
tSlh de xfr ls pyrs gq, Vªd ls VDdj] jkLrs esa vlarfq yr cy dh fn'kk esa cy osQ lekuqikfrd gksrh gSA
[kM+s fdlh O;fDr dh e`R;q dk dkj.k cu ldrh
8.4.1 xfr osQ f}rh; fu;e dh xf.krh; x.kuk
gSA ,d NksVs nzO;eku dh oLrq tSls xksyh dks vxj
canwd ls rhoz osx ls NksM+k tk, rks og Hkh fdlh ekuk fd m nzzO;eku dh dksbZ oLrq u izkjafHkd osx
O;fDr dh e`R;q dk dkj.k cu ldrh gSA blls irk ls lh/h js[kk eas py jgh gSA t le; rd ,d
pyrk gS fd oLrq osQ }kjk mRiUu izHkko oLrq osQ fuf'pr cy F yxkus ij ml oLrq dk osx v gks
nzO;eku ,oa osx ij fuHkZj djrk gSA blh izdkj ;fn tkrk gSA rc bldk izkjafHkd vkSj vafre laosx
fdlh oLrq dks Rofjr fd;k tkrk gS] rks vf/d osx Øe'k%, p1 = mu vkSj p2 = m υ gksaxsA
izkIr djus osQ fy, vf/d cy dh vko';drk laosx esa ifjorZu ∝ p –p 2 1
gS\ bl izdkj ls {ks=kj{kd xsna osQ osx dks 'kwU; djus vFkkZr~ tc F = 0, rks fdlh Hkh le; t ij] υ =
esa vf/d le; yxkrk gSA bl izdkj xsna esa laoxs u bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd oLrq leku osx u ls
ifjorZu dh nj de gks tkrh gSA bl dkj.k rs”k xfr pyrh jgsxhA ;fn u 'kwU; gS rks υ Hkh 'kwU; gksxk
ls vk jgh xsna dk izHkko gkFk ij de iM+rk gSA vxj vFkkZr~ oLrq fojkekoLFkk esa gh jgsxhA
xsna dks vpkud jksdk tkrk gS rks rhoz xfr ls vk jgh
mnkgj.k 8.1 ,d 5 kg nzO;eku okyh oLrq ij
xsna dk osx cgqr de le; esa 'kwU; gksrk gS vFkkZr~
2 s osQ fy, ,d fu;r cy dk;Zjr gksrk gSA
xsna osQ laoxs esa ifjorZu dh nj vf/d gksxh] blfy,
;g oLrq osQ osx dks 3 m/s ls c<+k dj
oSQp yidus esa vf/d cy yxkuk gksxk ftlls gks
ldrk gS fd f[kykM+h dh gFksyh esa pksV yx tk,A 7 m/s dj nsrk gSA yxk, x, cy dh ek=kk
Å¡ph owQn okys eSnku es]a f[kykfM+;ksa dks oqQ'ku ;k Kkr djsaA ;fn bl cy dks 5 s osQ fy,
ckyw ij owQnuk gksrk gSA ,slk f[kykfM+;ksa osQ Nyk¡x vkjksfir fd;k tk,] rks oLrq dk vafre osx
yxkus osQ ckn fxjus osQ le; dks c<+kus osQ fy, D;k gksxk\
fd;k tkrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa laoxs esa ifjorZu dh nj gy%
de gksrh gSA lkspks fd oSQls djkVs dk ,d f[kykM+h gesa Kkr gS% u = 3 m s–1 vkSj υ = 7 m s–1,
,d gh >VosQ esa ci+QZ dh ,d flYyh dks rksM+ nsrk gS! t = 2 s vkSj m = 5 kg
m (v − u )
lehdj.k (8.5) ls F =
t
eku j[kus ij
F = 5 kg (7 m s–1 – 3 m s–1)/2 s = 10 N
vc vxj 5 s (t = 5 s) rd cy yxk;k
tkrk gS rks lehdj.k (8-5) dks iqu% fy[kdj
vafre osx izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS
Ft
v=u+
m
fp=k 8.8: fØosQV osQ [ksy esa oSQp yidus osQ fy, {ks=kj{kd u, F, m vkSj t dk eku j[kus ij vafre osx
υ = 13 m s–1
xsan osQ lkFk vius gkFkksa dks /hjs&/hjs ihNs dh
vksj [khaprk gSA
mnkgj.k 8.2 fdlesa vf/d cy dh vko';drk
xfr osQ f}rh; fu;e osQ xf.krh; lw=k ¹lehdj.k gksxh% 2 kg nzO;eku okyh fdlh oLrq dks
(8-4)º osQ mi;ksx ls xfr osQ izFke fu;e dks xf.krh; 5 m s–2 dh nj ls Rofjr djus esa ;k 4 kg
:i ls izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA lehdj.k (8-4) ls] nzO;eku okyh oLrq dks 2 m s–2 dh nj ls
F = ma
RofjRk djus esa\
104 foKku
gy : mnkgj.k 8.4 5 N dk ,d cy fdlh nzO;eku
lehdj.k (8.4) ls, F = ma m1 dks 10 m s–2 dk Roj.k nsrk gS rFkk nzO;eku
;gk¡ m = 2 kg; a = 5 m s rFkk
1 1
–2
m2 dks 20 m s–2 dk Roj.k nsrk gSA vxj nksuksa
–2
m2 = 4 kg; a2 = 2 m s .
nzO;ekuksa dks ,d lkFk feyk fn;k tk,] rks bl
bl izdkj] cy osQ }kjk D;k Roj.k mRiUu gksxk\
F1 = m1a1 = 2 kg × 5 m s–2 = 10 N; rFkk
–2
F2 = m2a2 = 4 kg × 2 m s = 8 N gy:
⇒ F1 > F2
lehdj.k (8.4) ls m = F/a1; rFkk
vr% 2 kg nzO;eku dh oLrq dks 5 m s–2 dh 1
m2 = F/a2
nj ls Rofjr djus esa vf/d cy dh
vko';drk gksxhA ;gk¡ a1 = 10 m s–2;
a2 = 20 m s–2 rFkk F=5N
mnkgj.k 8.3 ,d dkj 108 km/h dh xfr bl izdkj] m1 = 5 N/10 m s–2 = 0.50 kg;
fp=k 8.13
vH;kl
1. dksbZ oLrq 'kwU; cká vlarqfyr cy vuqHko djrh gSA D;k fdlh Hkh oLrq
osQ fy, v'kwU; osx ls xfr djuk laHko gS\ ;fn gk¡a] rks oLrq osQ osx osQ
ifjek.k ,oa fn'kk ij yxus okyh 'krks± dk mYys[k djsaA ;fn ugha] rks dkj.k
Li"V djsaA
2. tc fdlh NM+h ls ,d njh (dkisZV) dks ihVk tkrk gS] rks /wy osQ d.k
ckgj vk tkrs gaSA Li"V djsaA
3. cl dh Nr ij j[ks lkeku dks jLlh ls D;ksa ck¡/k tkrk gS\
4. fdlh cYysckt }kjk fØosQV dh xsan dks ekjus ij xsan ”kehu ij yq<+drh
gSA oqQN nwjh pyus osQ Ik'pkr~ xsan #d tkrh gSA xsan #dus osQ fy, /heh
gksrh gS] D;ksafd
108 foKku
(a) cYysckt us xsan dks i;kZIr Ikz;kl ls fgV ugha fd;k gSA
(b) osx xsan ij yxk, x, cy osQ lekuqikrh gSA
(c) xsan ij xfr dh fn'kk osQ foijhr ,d cy dk;Z dj jgk gSA
(d) xsan ij dksbZ vlarqfyr cy dk;Zjr ugha gS] vr% xsan fojkekoLFkk esa
vkus osQ fy, Ikz;kljr gSA
(lgh fodYi dk p;u djsa)
5. ,d Vªd fojkekoLFkk ls fdlh igkM+h ls uhps dh vksj fu;r Roj.k ls
yq<+duk 'kq: djrk gSA ;g 20 s esa 400 m dh nwjh r; djrk gSA bldk
Roj.k Kkr djsaA vxj bldk nzO;eku 7 Vu gS rks bl ij yxus okys cy
dh x.kuk djsaA (1 Vu = 1000 kg)A
6. 1 kg nzO;eku osQ ,d iRFkj dks 20 m s–1 osQ osx ls >hy dh teh gqbZ
lrg ij isaQdk tkrk gSA iRFkj 50 m dh nwjh r; djus osQ ckn #d tkrk
gSA iRFkj vkSj ci+ ZQ osQ chp yxus okys ?k"kZ.k cy dh x.kuk djsaA
7. ,d 8000 kg nzO;eku dk jsy batu izfr 2000 kg nzO;eku okys ik¡p
fMCcksa dks lh/h iVjh ij [khaprk gSA ;fn batu 40000 N dk cy vkjksfir
djrk gS rFkk ;fn iVjh 5000 N dk ?k"kZ.k cy yxkrh gS] rks Kkr djsa%
(a) usV Roj.k cy rFkk
(b) jsy dk Roj.k
8. ,d xkM+h dk nzO;eku 1500 kg gSA ;fn xkM+h dks 1.7 m s–2 osQ
Í.kkRed Roj.k (voeanu) osQ lkFk fojkekoLFkk esa ykuk gS] rks xkM+h rFkk
lM+d osQ chp yxus okyk cy fdruk gksxk\
9. fdlh m nzO;eku dh oLrq ftldk osx v gS dk laosx D;k gksxk\
(a) (mv)2 (b) mv2 (c) (½) mv2 (d) mv
(mijksDr esa ls lgh fodYi pqusaA)
10. ge ,d ydM+h osQ cDls dks 200 N cy yxkdj mls fu;r osx ls i+ Q'kZ
ij /osQyrs gSaA cDls ij yxus okyk ?k"kZ.k cy D;k gksxk\
11. xfr osQ r`rh; fu;e osQ vuqlkj tc ge fdlh oLrq dks /Ddk nsrs gSa] rks
oLrq mrus gh cy osQ lkFk gesa Hkh foijhr fn'kk esa /Ddk nsrh gSA ;fn og
oLrq ,d Vªd gS tks lM+d osQ fdukjs [kM+k gS_ laHkor% gekjs }kjk cy
vkjksfir djus ij Hkh xfr'khy ugha gks ik,xkA ,d fo|kFkhZ bls lgh lkfcr
djrs gq, dgrk gS fd nksuksa cy foijhr ,oa cjkcj gSa tks ,d&nwljs dks
110 foKku
vfrfjDr vH;kl
A1. ,d oLrq dh xfr dh voLFkk esa nwjh le; lkj.kh fuEuor~ gS%
Lke; (lsoaQM) nwjh (ehVj)
0 0
1 1
2 8
3 27
4 64
5 125
6 216
7 343
(a) Roj.k osQ ckjs esa vki D;k fu"d"kZ fudky ldrs gSa\ D;k ;g fu;r
gS\ c<+ jgk gS\ ?kV jgk gS\ ;k 'kwU; gS\
(b) vki oLrq ij yxus okys cy osQ ckjs esa D;k fu"d"kZ fudky ldrs gS\a
A2. 1200 kg nzO;eku dh dkj dks ,d lery lM+d ij nks O;fDr leku osx
ls /Ddk nsrs gSAa mlh dkj dks rhu O;fDr;ksa }kjk /Ddk nsdj 0.2 m s–2
dk Roj.k mRiUu fd;k tkrk gSA fdrus cy osQ lkFk izR;sd O;fDr dkj dks
/osQy ikrs gSaA (eku ysa fd lHkh O;fDr leku is'kh; cy osQ lkFk dkj dks
/Ddk nsrs gSaA)
A3. 500 g nzO;eku osQ ,d gFkkSM+s }kjk 50 m s–1 osx ls ,d dhy ij izgkj
fd;k tkrk gSA dhy }kjk gFkkSM+s dks cgqr de le; 0.01 s esa gh jksd
fn;k tkrk gSA dhy osQ }kjk gFkkSM+s ij yxk, x, cy dk ifjdyu djsaA
A4. ,d 1200 kg nzO;eku dh eksVjdkj 90 km/h dh osx ls ,d ljy js[kk
osQ vuqfn'k py jgh gSA mldk osx ckgjh vlarqfyr cy yxus osQ dkj.k
4 s esa ?kVdj 18 km/h gks tkrk gSA Roj.k vkSj laosx esa ifjorZu dk
ifjdyu djsaA yxus okys cy osQ ifjek.k dk Hkh ifjdyu djsaA