UCSP Lesson 4 Reviewer

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Quarter 4 – Module 4: Government Programs and Initiatives in Addressing Social Inequalities
Living in an unequal society causes stress and status anxiety, which may damage your health. In more
equal societies people live longer, are less likely to be mentally ill or obese and there are lower rates of
infant mortality. Social inequality refers to relational processes in society that have the effect of limiting
or harming a group's social status, social class, and social circle.
The major examples of social inequality include gender inequality, health care, social class. In health
care, some individuals receive better and more professional care compared to others. They are also
expected to pay more for these services.
Philippine government recognizes the gender inequalities and trying to solve the problem.
Proofs that Philippine government trying to address the said issues:
1. Philippine Law
> R.A. 7610 or also known as Women and Children rights or This Act shall be known as the “Special
Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act.”
> The Philippines has finally enacted gender equality legislation after years of lobbying from
female rights campaigners. President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed the country's Magna Carta of
Women in Manila last week, helping to define gender discrimination and outlining approaches to
eliminate it. August 18, 2009
> and other related law passed by our legislature.
2. Allowing Top Government Position to be handle by women
Women nowadays taking top position both in private and government posts, former President Corazon
Aquino and Former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, not to Former Supreme Court Justice Maria
Lourdes Serreno.
Philippine government keeps on encouraging more effective dialogue and consultative process and
strengthening access to justice remains a priority. This will help to bridge the cultural divide that gives
rise to discrimination and exclusion and will increase the voice of indigenous people’s decision-making at
every level. It will also help to build fair and shared solutions to the conflicts that emerge over ancestral
lands and the use of natural resources.
The Equality of humanity is a long desire of man since the time of memorial. Human race wanted equal
protection, equal rights, equality in wealth and equality of life.
The factors that contribute to social inequality consists of educational attainment, wealth and poverty,
power, and Gender Inequality which lead to social inequality between individuals and groups of people.
The following are the factors that contribute to social inequality:
1. Educational Attainment
Inequality and Educational Attainment is evidence from many instances. The reality of Rich can get
better education in an easy way but poor hardly get their diploma. Educational inequality is the unequal
distribution of academic resources and still needs policies that encourage educational attainment for
men and women based on merit, rather than gender.
2. Wealth and poverty
Social Inequality brought about by unequal distribution of wealth. The Covid19 pandemic teaches us the
advantages of the upper and the lower class. Evidently the struggles get by middle and lower class
compare to the upper class. There’s a huge different between allocation of wealthy and the poor in many
ways.
3. Power
Power in the context of Social inequality connotes economic, cultural and social positions. Thus, there’s
symbolic with is reputation and certain position in society.
4. Gender Inequality
Acknowledges that men and women are not equal and that gender affects an individual's living
experience. These differences arise from distinctions in biology, psychology, and cultural norms. Some of
these distinctions are empirically grounded while others appear to be socially constructed. Studies show
the different lived experience of genders across many domains including education, life expectancy,
personality, interests, family life, careers, and political affiliations. Gender inequality is experienced
differently across different cultures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_inequality
• Social Issues in the 21st Century
A social issue in the contemporary times is essential topic when talking about social inequality. Thus,
government programs and initiatives in addressing social inequalities e.g. local, national, global to
address these issues is continues process.
• Local Inequality
Current state of the Indigenous Cultural communities. Ethnic group is involved in the local inequality.
Sometimes, they are less fortunate whose right are violated with rich people. An ascribed status, a form
of organization, a focus of identity and a subculture are the characteristics of an ethnic group.
Institutional completeness is the development of a strong sense of solidarity, an ethnic identity, and
ethnic institutions by an ethnic population.
• National Inequality
Economic and Political current circumstances. Economic policy is a national interest and it gives direction
to the future. If national government fail to do its job effectively and candid way ----- the equilibrium of
the rich and the poor arises much.
Thus, if political policies fail to give national interest for all with consideration of better futures, then
discrimination also take place.
• Global Inequality
International inequality refers to the idea of inequality between countries. This can be compared to
global inequality which is inequality between people across countries. This may refer to economic
differences between countries. As well as medical care and education differences.
Inequality does not exist only in societies and states, but also among states. There are states that are
wealthier and more powerful than other states, and the former end up being more influential in the
global community. This leads to a situation of global inequality, where poorer and less powerful states
end up being controlled and influenced the richer and more powerful states.
ADAPTATION - refers to a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes
better suited to its environment
REFORM MOVEMENT - a social movement that advocates changing some norms or laws in an institution
or community
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS - a set of attitudes and self-conscious actions by people seeking to change society
PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE - a type of governance that puts emphasis on democratic engagement

deliberative assemblies

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Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

Quarter 4 – Module 4: Government Programs and Initiatives in Addressing Social Inequalities

Proofs that Philippine government trying to address the said issues:

> and other related law passed by our legislature.

2. Allowing Top Government Position to be handle by women

The following are the factors that contribute to social inequality:

2. Wealth and poverty

• Social Issues in the 21st Century

PARTICIPATORY GOVERNANCE - a type of governance that puts emphasis on democratic engagement

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