1582306005expt 1 Flow Beneath Sluice Gate
1582306005expt 1 Flow Beneath Sluice Gate
Expt No. : 1
Name of the Experiment: FLOW BENEATH A SLUICE GATE
T.E.L
1
gy12
2
1
gy 22
2
1. THEORY
The Bernoulli energy equation may be applied in those cases where there is a negligible loss of
total head from one section to another, or where the magnitude of the head loss is already known.
Flow under a sluice gate is an example of converging flow where the correct form of the
equation for discharge may be obtained by equating the energies at Sections 1 and 2 as shown in
the Fig. 1, as the energy loss between these sections is negligible.
H1 = H2 (1)
V2 V2
and, therefore, y1 1 y2 2 (2)
2g 2g
Q2 Q2
y1 y2 (3)
2 gb 2 y12 2 gb 2 y22
The small reduction in flow velocity due to viscous resistance between Sections 1 and 2 may be
allowed for by a coefficient Cv. Then
2 gy1
Q Cv by2 (6)
y2
1
y1
The coefficient of velocity, Cv varies in the range 0.95 < Cv < 1.0, depending on the geometry of
the flow pattern (expressed by the ratio yg/y1) and friction.
The downstream depth y2 may be expressed as a function of the gate opening, yg, i.e.
y2 = Cc yg (7)
where, Cc is the coefficient of contraction whose commonly accepted value of 0.61 is nearly
independent of the ratio yg/y1.The maximum contraction of the jet occurs approximately at a
distance equal to the gate opening. Thus, Eq.(6) becomes
2 gy1 (8)
Q Cc Cv by g
Cc y g
1
y1
Q Cd by g 2gy1 (9)
where, Cd is the coefficient of discharge and is a function of Cv, Cc, b, yg and y1.
CcCv
Therefore, Cd (10)
Cc y g / y1 1
Qa Cd Qt (11)
The momentum equation may be applied to the fluid within any chosen control volume where
the external forces are known or can be estimated to a sufficient degree of accuracy. The
horizontal components of these forces acting on the fluid within the control volume shown in
Fig. 1 are the resultants of the hydrostatic pressure distributions at Sections 1 and 2, the viscous
shear force on the bed and the thrust of the gate. It should be noted that the equation permits the
resultant gate thrust (Fg) to be determined even though the pressure distribution along its surface
is not hydrostatic. Over a short length of smooth bed the contribution of the shear force may he
neglected. The resultant force applied to the fluid within the control volume in the downstream
direction is given by
1 1
Fx gy12 gy22 Fg b (13)
2 2
The effect of this force is to accelerate the fluid within the control volume in the downstream
direction. Hence,
3 Q 2 y
1 2 y1
Fg gy2 1 a 1 2
(15)
2 y2 2
b y2 y1
Fg
1 y y 3
g 1 2 (16)
2 y1 y2
The pressure distribution on the gate cannot he hydrostatic, as the pressure must be atmospheric
at both the upstream water level and at tile point where the jet springs clear of the gate.
Note that the thrust on the gate, FH, for a hydrostatic pressure distribution is given by
FH
1
2
g y1 y g 2 (17)
2. OBJECTIVES
3. ASSIGNMENTS
i. Explain why the pressure distribution along the surface of the gate is not hydrostatic.
ii. What happens when the gate opening is greater than the critical depth?
iv. When does the submergence occur and what is its effect on the flow beneath a sluice
gate?
4. DISCUSSION
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