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CHAPTER 10--THE FLOWERING OF TRADITIONAL
CHINA
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. What was the appeal of Buddhism and Daoism during the era after the collapse of the Han dynasty?
2. "Although of short duration, the Sui dynasty was one of China's most significant." Discuss.
3. "Chinese civilization reached its apex during the Tang dynasty." Discuss critically.
4. "The Yuan dynasty was a brief irrelevance in China's long history." Discuss critically.
5. How significant was international trade to Chinese society? What was traded? From where and to where?
Who benefited? China, its neighbors? Within China?
6. Discuss the significance and impact of the civil service examination on Chinese society. Who benefited and
who did not from the system? Was it actually based upon merit? Why or why not?
7. With specific examples, discuss the relationship between Daoism and Chinese landscape painting.
8. In the public sphere, what advantages did Confucianism have over Buddhism and Daoism, and why?
9. Compare and contrast the status of women in Tang and Song China with the status of women in two other
societies of your choice. What are the similarities and what are the difference and why?
10. Discuss the impact of the northern nomad peoples upon Chinese society late Tang and Song eras. Be
specific.
11. Discuss the possible reasons why China abandoned its seemingly successful naval accomplishments after
the death of the emperor Yongle in 1424. Which do you believe to be most convincing, and why?
12. What was the impact of the "Pax Mongolica" on Eurasian societies in the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries?
Gobi Desert
Liu Ling
Sui Dynasty
16. Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Sui Yangdi
Grand Canal
19. Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Li Yuan
Tang Dynasty
Tang Taizong
22. Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Chang'an
Song Dynasty
Song Taizu
Kaifeng
28. Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Jurchen
State Confucianism
31. Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Grand Council
scholar-gentry
34. Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Wang Anshi
blast furnace and steel, gunpowder, paper currency, and the abacus
37. Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
foot binding
Temuchin/Genghis Khan
43. Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
fire-lance
Khubilai Khan
Karakorum
Khanbaliq/Beijing
Marco Polo
49. Instructions: Identify the following term(s).
Zhu Yuanzhang
Ming Dynasty
Zhenghe
Chan
woodblock printing
Li Bo and Du Fu
Dunhuang caves
63. Over the course of the three centuries after the fall of the Han and before the rise of the Sui Dynasty,
A. China experienced a period of tranquility and order.
B. Confucianism grew in popularity.
C. Buddhism developed a much wider following among the Chinese people.
D. Daoism disappeared in China.
E. Islam made its first appearance in China.
64. Which of the following statements is not a valid observation about the Sui Dynasty?
A. It employed Buddhism as a unifying force in the country.
B. It was responsible for the building of the Grand Canal, connecting the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers.
C. It permanently incorporated Korea into the Chinese domain.
D. It came to an abrupt end with the assassination of its emperor.
E. Its policies helped the lower Yangtze region become a major part of China's economy.
65. The name given to the Asian region northwest of traditional China that was pacified by the Tang was
A. Xinjiang.
B. Korea.
C. Japan.
D. Silla.
E. Bactria.
68. All of the following contributed to the fall of the Tang except
A. the increase of power of the landed families.
B. instability along the northern frontiers.
C. invasion by the Mongols.
D. a rebellion in 755 which captured Chang'an.
E. local military commanders taking power from the central government.
69. The Turkish-speaking tribal group that ultimately overthrew the Tang were the
A. Mongols.
B. Magyars.
C. Uighurs.
D. Jurchens.
E. Kirghiz.
70. In terms of its relations with neighboring powers, the Song
A. met their ultimate demise at the hands of the Mongols.
B. was able to maintain a permanent dominance over the Jin Dynasty of the Jurchens.
C. reconquered the northern region controlled by the Uighurs.
D. learned from the mistakes of the Tang and avoided a similar fate.
E. conquered Japan, the first time that this had happened.
72. Because of the threat of the Khitan nomads, the first capital of the Song dynasty was ____, and additional
threats from the north later forced the Song to move the capital to ____.
A. Chang'an and Beijing.
B. Xian and Anyang.
C. Hangzhou and Beijing.
D. Kaifeng and Hangzhou.
E. Beijing and Chang'an.
76. Wu Zhao
A. was the founder of the White Lotus sect.
B. translated The Way of the Dao into Khitan.
C. was the Chinese name of Marco Polo.
D. was the founder of the Ming Dynasty.
E. became empress of China.
77. Neo-Confucianism
A. was greatly aided in its intellectual development by Wu Zhao.
B. under Zhu Xi, divided the world into a material world and a transcendent world.
C. maintained that the world is illusory unless one possesses a rare variety of karma.
D. was a translation of the Master's works into Japanese.
E. succumbed to a revived Buddhism.
79. One of the main reasons for the demise of the Tang Dynasty was its inability to effectively solve the
problem of land distribution. Which of the following statements can serve as a valid explanation for this policy
failure?
A. The increasing concentration of land in the hands of the rich and politically influential, coupled with rising
food production, led to increasing pressure on the land distribution system.
B. The receipt of large, permanent land grants by government officials fundamentally strengthened the system
but undermined the concept of the Mandate of Heaven.
C. Equality in land distribution was successfully maintained through the tax regulations of the central
government.
D. Mongol invaders destroyed the Chinese government's bureaucratic infrastructure.
E. Empress Wu confiscated all land, distributing it to illiterate and unprepared peasants.
80. The Chinese civil service examination system
A. included a quota system to insure that over one-half of those who took it were peasants.
B. insured that those passing all levels of the exams would receive life-long pensions.
C. was designed to keep the "scholar-gentry" from taking the advanced examinations.
D. was no longer used after the early 600s.
E. was unable to solve the problem of officials using their positions to help their relatives.
81. Which of the following was not an economic factor in medieval China?
A. The central government monopolized certain commodity manufacturing.
B. Technological advances increased the scope and wealth of the economy.
C. The introduction of the use of paper currency, credit, banking, and the abacus furthered commercial
development.
D. The Sui Dynasty closed the Silk Road.
E. Blast furnaces were developed.
82. The nomadic people who aligned with the Tang to dominate much of the carrying trade along the Silk Road
were the
A. Mongols.
B. Uzbeks.
C. Uighurs.
D. Jurchens.
E. Berbers.
84. With the increase in trade and urban activities during the Tang and Song eras,
A. the rural population declined.
B. a landed gentry class assumed a position of social and economic dominance.
C. the social stagnation of the population became institutionalized.
D. the scholar-gentry provided considerable financial support to Christians.
E. most of the population resided in urban areas.
85. Local government in medieval China
A. was based on provinces, each containing 12,500,000 inhabitants.
B. required the entire population to play an active part.
C. did not include appointed government officials at the village level.
D. was totally changed after the Song Dynasty began.
E. was based upon Doaist principles.
88. Which of the following was true about the power of the Mongols?
A. They were unable to gain control of Khanbaliq.
B. Their power was based on the strategic use of infantry armies.
C. They maintained their control in China for almost six centuries.
D. They achieved more success in China than it did in the rest of East Asia.
E. They imposed a new governmental system in China.
91. The Mongols were able to maintain control in China for an extended period because they
A. rapidly assimilated into Chinese society.
B. maintained a system of harsh reprisals for Chinese noncompliance.
C. created a totally new political system that the Chinese found refreshingly appealing.
D. maintained commercial policies that were conducive to Chinese prosperity.
E. outlawed the subversive ideas of Confucius.
92. All of the following factors contributed to the end of Mongol rule in China except
A. excessive military expenditures.
B. insufficient incoming receipts from taxes.
C. internal strife, aggravated by growing famine.
D. inferior abilities among the successors to Khubilai Khan.
E. the plague that killed millions of Mongols in 1241 and 1242.
93. All of the following were true about medieval Chinese life except
A. most people had developed life styles that were far removed from agriculture.
B. technological developments such as block printing improved communication.
C. life for most Chinese of the era was centered around the local village.
D. the volume and value of trading activity grew.
E. the occupation of most Chinese was farming.
94. Which of the following accurately characterizes the medieval Chinese family?
A. It was female-dominated.
B. Its ideal state was that of a joint group of at least two generations.
C. Its moral foundation was filial piety.
D. The ideal of filial piety was abandoned.
E. Most families lived on isolated farmsteads.
95. Empress Wu
A. made a significant contribution to the civil service examination system.
B. achieved nothing positive during her rule.
C. deposed her courtiers at the age of 80 and went on to rule another eight years.
D. found a rationalization for her rule in a Daoist sutra.
E. was assassinated on her fortieth birthday.
96. All of the following are correct about the Ming dynasty except
A. it extended its rule into Mongolia and Central Asia.
B. there were no contacts with Vietnam or Korea.
C. the Great Wall was strengthened.
D. there was considerable internal reform, including increased manufacturing.
E. a series of fleets were sent across the Indian Ocean, including all the way to Africa.
97. The motives for the voyages of Zhenghe possibly included all of the following except
A. trading profits.
B. curiosity.
C. to seek information on a earlier emperor who might have escaped into exile.
D. military conquest.
E. all of the above
99. The Buddhist sect that stressed the role of devotion was
A. Chan.
B. the Pure Land Sect.
C. Tantrism.
D. the White Lotus Sect.
E. the Black Leopard Sect.
100. Of the three philosophies competing for attention in medieval China,
A. Manichaeanism had the largest following.
B. Confucianism triumphed because it adhered to the Chinese social need to support the concepts of hard work
and filial piety.
C. Buddhism prevailed because of its divine visions.
D. Daoism triumphed because of its philosophical underpinnings.
E. neither Buddhism nor Daoism ever offered an alternative to restrictive Confucian theology.
102. The Confucian scholar who was the primary proponent of the idea that the correct way to transcend the
material world was self-cultivation through the "investigation of things" was
A. Zhu Xi.
B. Wang Yangming.
C. Fa Xua.
D. Tang Wo.
E. Shao Yung.
103. Although medieval China was the source of many of the great inventions of its time, it failed to develop
the technological advances that these inventions produced elsewhere mainly because
A. the emperors feared the spread of new ideas.
B. the Chinese lacked the technical skills to advance their knowledge.
C. Neo-Confucianism focused on the elimination of any expansive developments.
D. Confucian values, coupled with scholar-gentry indifference, stifled technological advancement.
E. Daoist priests objected to progress and change.
104. During the Han Dynasty, Chinese literature was stimulated by the invention of
A. a vernacular language.
B. paper.
C. bronze-block printing.
D. kabuki.
E. sake.
105. The most effective expression of literature from the Tang to the Ming dynasties was in the form of
A. technical books of instruction for artisans and peasants.
B. general prose.
C. historical narratives.
D. poetry.
E. encyclopedic gazettes.
106. Due to various technical aspects of the Chinese language, its poetry had
A. a brevity in the amount of lines used and the number of words in each line.
B. a high degree of vagueness which repelled most Chinese.
C. a verbosity to its construction.
D. an incompatibility with music.
E. little impact on Chinese culture.
107. Li Bo
A. was the founder of the Ming Dynasty.
B. was a historian during the Song Dynasty.
C. was a sober Confucian civil servant.
D. wrote a poem entitled "Drinking Along at Moonlight."
E. defeated the Mongols at Wuhan.
109. Which of the following was not an aspect of the creativity of Chinese art?
A. Buddhist and Daoist influences
B. inclusion of both secular and religious works
C. the development of the scroll for the purpose of display
D. the development of monochromatic works derived from the calligraphic medium
E. inspiration drawn mainly from Indian Hindu sources
110. Between 600 and the 1300, Chinese art and literature
A. produced such famous stories as Tale of the Marshes.
B. entered a period of stale non-creativity.
C. borrowed a variety of new forms, such as the "closed bottle technique," from Taiwan.
D. exhibited great creativity in the field of bronze manufacture.
E. modeled itself on Japanese accomplishments.
111. In the 1280s, Venice's Marco Polo visited the city of Nanjing, the capital of the Yuan dynasty.
True False
112. After the third century C.E. collapse of the Han dynasty, China fell into a long period of division and civil
war.
True False
113. Although the Sui dynasty ruled only a short time, its successes included the construction of the Grand
Canal, linking the Yangtze and the Yellow rivers.
True False
114. Although the earlier Tang dynasty based the civil service examinations exclusively upon Confucian texts,
the later Song also included both Daoist and Buddhist texts.
True False
115. In the attempt to resist the territorial ambitions of the northern Jurchen, the Song turned to the Mongols for
support.
True False
116. By the Tang and Song eras, the gentry had replaced the aristocracy as the political and economic elite of
Chinese society.
True False
117. The custom of foot binding was condemned by the Tang emperors and had disappeared from China by the
beginning of the Song era.
True False
118. In the 1360s, Zhu Yuanzhang put an end to the disintegrating Yuan dynasty, establishing the Ming dynasty
in its place.
True False
119. In the 1400s, after the Ming admiral Zhenghe had successfully led several large sailing expeditions to the
coast of Africa and throughout Southeast Asia, the voyages were discontinued and were never revived.
True False
120. During the Song era, Chinese painting was primarily inspired by Confucianism.
True False
CHAPTER 10--THE FLOWERING OF TRADITIONAL CHINA
Key
1. What was the appeal of Buddhism and Daoism during the era after the collapse of the Han dynasty?
2. "Although of short duration, the Sui dynasty was one of China's most significant." Discuss.
3. "Chinese civilization reached its apex during the Tang dynasty." Discuss critically.
4. "The Yuan dynasty was a brief irrelevance in China's long history." Discuss critically.
5. How significant was international trade to Chinese society? What was traded? From where and to where?
Who benefited? China, its neighbors? Within China?
6. Discuss the significance and impact of the civil service examination on Chinese society. Who benefited and
who did not from the system? Was it actually based upon merit? Why or why not?
8. In the public sphere, what advantages did Confucianism have over Buddhism and Daoism, and why?
9. Compare and contrast the status of women in Tang and Song China with the status of women in two other
societies of your choice. What are the similarities and what are the difference and why?
10. Discuss the impact of the northern nomad peoples upon Chinese society late Tang and Song eras. Be
specific.
11. Discuss the possible reasons why China abandoned its seemingly successful naval accomplishments after
the death of the emperor Yongle in 1424. Which do you believe to be most convincing, and why?
12. What was the impact of the "Pax Mongolica" on Eurasian societies in the thirteenth and fourteenth
centuries?
Gobi Desert
Liu Ling
Sui Dynasty
Sui Yangdi
Grand Canal
Li Yuan
Tang Dynasty
Tang Taizong
Chang'an
Song Dynasty
Song Taizu
Kaifeng
Jurchen
State Confucianism
Grand Council
scholar-gentry
Wang Anshi
blast furnace and steel, gunpowder, paper currency, and the abacus
foot binding
Temuchin/Genghis Khan
fire-lance
Khubilai Khan
Karakorum
Khanbaliq/Beijing
Marco Polo
Zhu Yuanzhang
Ming Dynasty
Zhenghe
Chan
woodblock printing
Li Bo and Du Fu
Dunhuang caves
63. Over the course of the three centuries after the fall of the Han and before the rise of the Sui Dynasty,
A. China experienced a period of tranquility and order.
B. Confucianism grew in popularity.
C. Buddhism developed a much wider following among the Chinese people.
D. Daoism disappeared in China.
E. Islam made its first appearance in China.
64. Which of the following statements is not a valid observation about the Sui Dynasty?
A. It employed Buddhism as a unifying force in the country.
B. It was responsible for the building of the Grand Canal, connecting the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers.
C. It permanently incorporated Korea into the Chinese domain.
D. It came to an abrupt end with the assassination of its emperor.
E. Its policies helped the lower Yangtze region become a major part of China's economy.
65. The name given to the Asian region northwest of traditional China that was pacified by the Tang was
A. Xinjiang.
B. Korea.
C. Japan.
D. Silla.
E. Bactria.
68. All of the following contributed to the fall of the Tang except
A. the increase of power of the landed families.
B. instability along the northern frontiers.
C. invasion by the Mongols.
D. a rebellion in 755 which captured Chang'an.
E. local military commanders taking power from the central government.
69. The Turkish-speaking tribal group that ultimately overthrew the Tang were the
A. Mongols.
B. Magyars.
C. Uighurs.
D. Jurchens.
E. Kirghiz.
76. Wu Zhao
A. was the founder of the White Lotus sect.
B. translated The Way of the Dao into Khitan.
C. was the Chinese name of Marco Polo.
D. was the founder of the Ming Dynasty.
E. became empress of China.
77. Neo-Confucianism
A. was greatly aided in its intellectual development by Wu Zhao.
B. under Zhu Xi, divided the world into a material world and a transcendent world.
C. maintained that the world is illusory unless one possesses a rare variety of karma.
D. was a translation of the Master's works into Japanese.
E. succumbed to a revived Buddhism.
79. One of the main reasons for the demise of the Tang Dynasty was its inability to effectively solve the
problem of land distribution. Which of the following statements can serve as a valid explanation for this policy
failure?
A. The increasing concentration of land in the hands of the rich and politically influential, coupled with rising
food production, led to increasing pressure on the land distribution system.
B. The receipt of large, permanent land grants by government officials fundamentally strengthened the system
but undermined the concept of the Mandate of Heaven.
C. Equality in land distribution was successfully maintained through the tax regulations of the central
government.
D. Mongol invaders destroyed the Chinese government's bureaucratic infrastructure.
E. Empress Wu confiscated all land, distributing it to illiterate and unprepared peasants.
81. Which of the following was not an economic factor in medieval China?
A. The central government monopolized certain commodity manufacturing.
B. Technological advances increased the scope and wealth of the economy.
C. The introduction of the use of paper currency, credit, banking, and the abacus furthered commercial
development.
D. The Sui Dynasty closed the Silk Road.
E. Blast furnaces were developed.
82. The nomadic people who aligned with the Tang to dominate much of the carrying trade along the Silk Road
were the
A. Mongols.
B. Uzbeks.
C. Uighurs.
D. Jurchens.
E. Berbers.
84. With the increase in trade and urban activities during the Tang and Song eras,
A. the rural population declined.
B. a landed gentry class assumed a position of social and economic dominance.
C. the social stagnation of the population became institutionalized.
D. the scholar-gentry provided considerable financial support to Christians.
E. most of the population resided in urban areas.
88. Which of the following was true about the power of the Mongols?
A. They were unable to gain control of Khanbaliq.
B. Their power was based on the strategic use of infantry armies.
C. They maintained their control in China for almost six centuries.
D. They achieved more success in China than it did in the rest of East Asia.
E. They imposed a new governmental system in China.
91. The Mongols were able to maintain control in China for an extended period because they
A. rapidly assimilated into Chinese society.
B. maintained a system of harsh reprisals for Chinese noncompliance.
C. created a totally new political system that the Chinese found refreshingly appealing.
D. maintained commercial policies that were conducive to Chinese prosperity.
E. outlawed the subversive ideas of Confucius.
92. All of the following factors contributed to the end of Mongol rule in China except
A. excessive military expenditures.
B. insufficient incoming receipts from taxes.
C. internal strife, aggravated by growing famine.
D. inferior abilities among the successors to Khubilai Khan.
E. the plague that killed millions of Mongols in 1241 and 1242.
93. All of the following were true about medieval Chinese life except
A. most people had developed life styles that were far removed from agriculture.
B. technological developments such as block printing improved communication.
C. life for most Chinese of the era was centered around the local village.
D. the volume and value of trading activity grew.
E. the occupation of most Chinese was farming.
94. Which of the following accurately characterizes the medieval Chinese family?
A. It was female-dominated.
B. Its ideal state was that of a joint group of at least two generations.
C. Its moral foundation was filial piety.
D. The ideal of filial piety was abandoned.
E. Most families lived on isolated farmsteads.
95. Empress Wu
A. made a significant contribution to the civil service examination system.
B. achieved nothing positive during her rule.
C. deposed her courtiers at the age of 80 and went on to rule another eight years.
D. found a rationalization for her rule in a Daoist sutra.
E. was assassinated on her fortieth birthday.
96. All of the following are correct about the Ming dynasty except
A. it extended its rule into Mongolia and Central Asia.
B. there were no contacts with Vietnam or Korea.
C. the Great Wall was strengthened.
D. there was considerable internal reform, including increased manufacturing.
E. a series of fleets were sent across the Indian Ocean, including all the way to Africa.
97. The motives for the voyages of Zhenghe possibly included all of the following except
A. trading profits.
B. curiosity.
C. to seek information on a earlier emperor who might have escaped into exile.
D. military conquest.
E. all of the above
99. The Buddhist sect that stressed the role of devotion was
A. Chan.
B. the Pure Land Sect.
C. Tantrism.
D. the White Lotus Sect.
E. the Black Leopard Sect.
103. Although medieval China was the source of many of the great inventions of its time, it failed to develop
the technological advances that these inventions produced elsewhere mainly because
A. the emperors feared the spread of new ideas.
B. the Chinese lacked the technical skills to advance their knowledge.
C. Neo-Confucianism focused on the elimination of any expansive developments.
D. Confucian values, coupled with scholar-gentry indifference, stifled technological advancement.
E. Daoist priests objected to progress and change.
104. During the Han Dynasty, Chinese literature was stimulated by the invention of
A. a vernacular language.
B. paper.
C. bronze-block printing.
D. kabuki.
E. sake.
105. The most effective expression of literature from the Tang to the Ming dynasties was in the form of
A. technical books of instruction for artisans and peasants.
B. general prose.
C. historical narratives.
D. poetry.
E. encyclopedic gazettes.
106. Due to various technical aspects of the Chinese language, its poetry had
A. a brevity in the amount of lines used and the number of words in each line.
B. a high degree of vagueness which repelled most Chinese.
C. a verbosity to its construction.
D. an incompatibility with music.
E. little impact on Chinese culture.
107. Li Bo
A. was the founder of the Ming Dynasty.
B. was a historian during the Song Dynasty.
C. was a sober Confucian civil servant.
D. wrote a poem entitled "Drinking Along at Moonlight."
E. defeated the Mongols at Wuhan.
109. Which of the following was not an aspect of the creativity of Chinese art?
A. Buddhist and Daoist influences
B. inclusion of both secular and religious works
C. the development of the scroll for the purpose of display
D. the development of monochromatic works derived from the calligraphic medium
E. inspiration drawn mainly from Indian Hindu sources
110. Between 600 and the 1300, Chinese art and literature
A. produced such famous stories as Tale of the Marshes.
B. entered a period of stale non-creativity.
C. borrowed a variety of new forms, such as the "closed bottle technique," from Taiwan.
D. exhibited great creativity in the field of bronze manufacture.
E. modeled itself on Japanese accomplishments.
111. In the 1280s, Venice's Marco Polo visited the city of Nanjing, the capital of the Yuan dynasty.
FALSE
112. After the third century C.E. collapse of the Han dynasty, China fell into a long period of division and civil
war.
TRUE
113. Although the Sui dynasty ruled only a short time, its successes included the construction of the Grand
Canal, linking the Yangtze and the Yellow rivers.
TRUE
114. Although the earlier Tang dynasty based the civil service examinations exclusively upon Confucian texts,
the later Song also included both Daoist and Buddhist texts.
FALSE
115. In the attempt to resist the territorial ambitions of the northern Jurchen, the Song turned to the Mongols for
support.
TRUE
116. By the Tang and Song eras, the gentry had replaced the aristocracy as the political and economic elite of
Chinese society.
TRUE
117. The custom of foot binding was condemned by the Tang emperors and had disappeared from China by the
beginning of the Song era.
FALSE
118. In the 1360s, Zhu Yuanzhang put an end to the disintegrating Yuan dynasty, establishing the Ming dynasty
in its place.
TRUE
119. In the 1400s, after the Ming admiral Zhenghe had successfully led several large sailing expeditions to the
coast of Africa and throughout Southeast Asia, the voyages were discontinued and were never revived.
TRUE
120. During the Song era, Chinese painting was primarily inspired by Confucianism.
FALSE
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no related content on Scribd:
Myth. Fable, tradition, legend; parable, invention, fiction, allegory;
falsehood, lie.
Ant. Truth, fact, history, narrative, incident.
N