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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 09: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming

1. In early programming languages, conserving machine resources was not an issue.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 435

2. In assembly language, the programmer need not manage the details of the movement of data items within memory.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 437

3. The programmer’s task is to devise the appropriate step-by-step sequence of “imperative commands” that, when carried
out by the computer, accomplish the desired task.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 439

4. Even though a high-level programming language allows the programmer to think of memory locations in abstract rather
than physical terms, the programmer is still directing, via program instructions, every change in the value of a memory
location.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 439

5. Machine language can use the notation --, //, or # to denote a program comment.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 440

6. In a high-level language, the programmer’s only responsibilities for managing data items are to declare (or in the case
of Python, create) all constants and variables the program will use.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
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Chapter 09: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming

REFERENCES: 454

7. The availability of the appropriate compiler guarantees that a program developed on one type of machine can be
compiled on a different type of machine.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 455

8. The problem identification document commits the final and complete problem specification to paper and guides the
software developers in all subsequent decisions.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 468

9. If anything is changed on an already-tested module, update testing is done to be sure that this change hasn’t introduced
a new error into code that was previously correct.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 471

10. Program maintenance, the process of adapting an existing software product, may consume as much as 85% of the total
software development life cycle budget.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 472

11. A program written in a(n) procedural language consists of sequences of statements that manipulate data items.
_________________________
ANSWER: True
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 439

12. Each low-level language supports if statements and while loops. _________________________
ANSWER: False - high-level, high level
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 444-446

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Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 09: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming

13. Maintenance should be viewed as a separate step in the software development life cycle.
_________________________
ANSWER: False - should not, shouldn’t
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 472

14. The program implementation phase is the time to plan how it is to be done. _________________________
ANSWER: False - design
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 468

15. A modern programming EXE provides a text editor, a file manager, a compiler, a linker and loader, and tools for
debugging, all within this one piece of software. _________________________
ANSWER: False - IDE
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 472

16. Each assembly language statement corresponds to, at most, one ____________________ language statement.
ANSWER: machine
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 436

17. Individual assembly language statements, though easier to read, can be no more powerful than the underlying
____________________.
ANSWER: instruction set
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 436

18. When we moved from machine language to assembly language, we needed a piece of system software—a(n)
____________________—to translate assembly language instructions into machine language.
ANSWER: assembler
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 437

19. The ____________________ computer architecture is characterized by sequential fetch-decode-execute cycles.

ANSWER: Von Neumann
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 439

20. Newer languages such as Java and C# were developed specifically to run on a variety of hardware platforms without
the need for a separate ____________________ for each type of machine.
ANSWER: compiler
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 462

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 3

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 09: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming

21. Assembly language programs are ____ specific.
a. language b. compiler
c. architecture d. machine
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 436

22. In assembly language, the programmer must take a microscopic view of a task, breaking it down into tiny subtasks at
the level of what is going on in individual ____.
a. memory locations b. programs
c. subtasks d. tasks
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 437

23. ____ were created to overcome the deficiencies of assembly language.

a. Compilers b. Low-level programming languages
c. High-level programming languages d. Linkers
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 437

24. Machine language is also known as ____ code.

a. object b. source
c. link d. reloadable
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 437-438

25. The software translator used to convert our high-level language instructions into machine language instructions is
called a(n) ____.
a. linker b. editor
c. loader d. compiler
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 438

26. High-level language instructions are known as ____ code.

a. object b. link
c. source d. reloadable
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 438

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 4

Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 09: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming

27. The object code for a task that needs to be performed often can be stored in a(n) ____.
a. code template b. code library
c. code container d. object library
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 438

28. Procedural languages are also called ____ languages.

a. immediate b. translated
c. interpreted d. imperative
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 439

29. ____ are instructions in the programming language.

a. Immediate commands b. Imperative commands
c. Intrinsic commands d. Internal commands
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 439

30. A ____ stores and fetches values to and from memory cells.
a. random access memory b. read-only memory
c. flash memory d. memory cache encoder
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 439

31. ____ is the rules for exactly how statements must be written in a programming language.
a. Order b. Precedence
c. Syntax d. Context
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 440

32. Ada, Java, C++ and C# require a ____ to terminate an executable program statement.
a. semicolon b. period
c. blank space d. comma
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 440

33. The ____ evaluates a proposed project and compares the costs and benefits of various solutions.
a. design study b. feasibility study
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Chapter 09: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming

c. specification study d. work breakdown study
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 465

34. A ____ involves developing a clear, concise, and unambiguous statement of the exact problem the software is to solve.
a. problem statement b. design statement
c. program overview d. problem specification
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 468

35. ____ is the process of translating the detailed designs into computer code.
a. Translating b. Interpreting
c. Coding d. Configuring
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 469

36. ____ takes place on each module (subtask code) as it is completed.

a. Regression testing b. System testing
c. Unit testing d. Integration testing
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 471

37. ____ a program means running it on many data sets to be sure its performance falls within required limits.
a. Debugging b. Benchmarking
c. Configuring d. Coding
ANSWER: b
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 471

38. ____ includes online tutorials or help systems that the user can bring up while the program is running, and (less often)
written user’s manuals.
a. Technical documentation b. Rough documentation
c. First-level documentation d. User documentation
ANSWER: d
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 472

39. Most programming languages are now presented within an ____.

a. Integrated Development Environment
b. Integrated Deployment Environment
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Chapter 09: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming

c. Implementation Development Environment
d. Interactive Development Environment
ANSWER: a
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 472-473

40. ____ allows miscommunications between the user and the programmer to be identified and corrected early in the
development process.
a. Rapid deployment b. Rapid configuration
c. Rapid prototyping d. Rapid interfacing
ANSWER: c
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 473

41. With regard to imperative languages, what is the programmer's task?

ANSWER: The programmer's task is to devise the appropriate step-by-step sequence of “imperative commands”—
instructions in the programming language—that, when carried out by the computer, accomplish the
desired task.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 439
TOPICS: Critical Thinking

42. What is the purpose of the feasibility study?

ANSWER: The purpose is to make all project stakeholders aware of the costs, risks, and benefits of various
development paths as a guide to deciding on the approach to use.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 467
TOPICS: Critical Thinking

43. Define coding.

ANSWER: Coding is the process of translating the detailed designs into computer code.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 469
TOPICS: Critical Thinking

44. Briefly present the function of the following components of an IDE: text editor, file system, language translator, and
debugger.
ANSWER: Use a text editor to create a program; use a file system to store the program; use a language translator to
translate the program to machine language; and if the program does not work correctly, use a debugger
to help locate the errors.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 472-473
TOPICS: Critical Thinking

45. What is pair programming?

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Chapter 09: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming

ANSWER: Pair programming involves two programmers (students) at a single workstation, with one writing code
and the other actively observing. The observer watches each line of code for possible errors, but also is
thinking about the overall approach, what programs may lie ahead, possibly spotting improvements that
could be made. The roles of the two individuals are switched frequently.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 474
TOPICS: Critical Thinking

46. List four disadvantages of assembly language.

ANSWER: • The programmer must “manually” manage the movement of data items between and among memory
locations and registers (although such data items can be assigned mnemonic names).
• The programmer must take a microscopic view of a task, breaking it down into tiny subtasks at the
level of what is going on in individual memory locations.
• An assembly language program is machine specific.
• Statements are not natural-language-like (although operations are given mnemonic code words as an
improvement over a string of bits).
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 437
TOPICS: Critical Thinking

47. List four expectations of a program written in a high-level language.

ANSWER: • The programmer need not manage the details of the movement of data items within memory or pay any
attention to exactly where those items are stored.
• The programmer can take a macroscopic view of tasks, thinking at a higher level of problem solving
(add B and C, and call the result A). The “primitive operations” used as building blocks in algorithm
construction can be larger.
• Programs are portable rather than machine specific.
• Programming statements are closer to natural language and use standard mathematical notation.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 437
TOPICS: Critical Thinking

48. Explain the following statement at length: Programs written in a high-level language will be portable rather than
machine specific.
ANSWER: Program developers use a variety of approaches to make their programs portable to different platforms.
For programs written in most high-level languages, the program developer runs through the complete
translation process to produce an executable module, and it is the executable module that is sold to the
user, who runs it on his or her own machine. The program developer doesn’t usually give the user the
source code to the program, for a multitude of reasons. First, the program developer does not want to
give away the secrets of how the program works by revealing the code to someone who could make a
tiny modification and then sell this “new” program. Second, the program developer wants to prevent the
user from being able to change the code, rendering a perfectly good program useless, and then
complaining that the software is defective. And finally, if the program developer distributes the source
code, then all users must have their own translators to get the executable module needed to run on their
own machines.

The developer can compile the program on any kind of machine as long as there is a compiler on that
machine for the language in which the program is written. However, there must be a compiler for each
Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 8
Name: Class: Date:

Chapter 09: Introduction to High-Level Language Programming

(high-level language, machine-type) pair. If the program is written in C++, for example, and the program
developer wants to sell his or her program to be used on a variety of computers, he or she needs to
compile the same program on a PC using a C++ compiler for the PC, on a Mac using a C++ compiler for
the Mac, and so on, to produce all the various object code versions. The program itself is independent of
the details of each particular computer’s machine language because each compiler takes care of the
translation. This is the “portability” we seek from high-level language programs.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 455
TOPICS: Critical Thinking

49. Discuss documentation at length, including definitions of all the different types.
ANSWER: Program documentation is all of the written material that makes a program understandable. This includes
internal documentation, which is part of the program code itself. Good internal documentation consists
of choosing meaningful names for program identifiers, using plenty of comments to explain the code,
and separating the program into short modules, each of which does one specific subtask. External
documentation consists of any materials assembled to clarify the program’s design and implementation.
Although we have put this step rather late in the software development process, note that each preceding
step produces some form of documentation. Program documentation goes on throughout the software
development life cycle. The final, finished program documentation is written in two forms. Technical
documentation enables programmers who later have to modify the program to understand the code. Such
information as structure charts or class diagrams, descriptions of algorithms, and program listings fall in
this category. User documentation helps users run the program. Such documentation includes online
tutorials, answers to frequently-asked questions (FAQs), help systems that the user can bring up while
the program is running, and (less often) written user’s manuals.
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 471-472
TOPICS: Critical Thinking

50. What question should a feasibility study address, and what are some of the possible answers?
ANSWER: What are the relative costs and benefits of the following choices?
• Buying a new computer system and writing or buying software
• Writing new software for an existing computer system
• Purchasing the needed resources from a “cloud computing” provider
• Outsourcing the work to a contractor
• Revising the current manual process for solving this problem
• Cutting back the scope of the project to better align it with existing resources
• Cancelling the project entirely and doing without the information that would be generated
POINTS: 1
REFERENCES: 467
TOPICS: Critical Thinking

Cengage Learning Testing, Powered by Cognero Page 9

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unfortunately denied it to me, though I used to pray for it at night. I
am a goose, a silly creature. You know, Gerda—I am the elder and
have learned to know life—let me tell you, you ought to thank your
Creator every day on your knees, for being such a gifted creature!”
“Oh, please,” said Gerda, with a laugh, showing her beautiful large
white teeth.
Later they all ate wine jelly and discussed their plans for the near
future. At the end of that month or the beginning of September, it
was decided, Sievert Tiburtius and the Arnoldsens would go home.
Then, directly after Christmas, Clara’s wedding would be celebrated
with due solemnity in the great hall. The Frau Consul, health
permitting, would attend Tom’s wedding in Amsterdam. But it must
be put off until the beginning of the next year, that there might be a
little pause for rest between. It was no use for Thomas to protest.
“Please,” said the Frau Consul, and laid her hand on his sleeve.
“Sievert should have the precedence, I think.”
The Pastor and his bride had decided against a wedding journey.
Gerda and Thomas, however, were to take a trip to northern Italy, as
far as Florence, and be gone about two months. In the meantime
Tony, with the help of the upholsterer Jacobs in Fish Street, was to
make ready the charming little house in Broad Street, the property of
a bachelor who had moved to Hamburg. The Consul was already
arranging for its purchase. Oh, Tony would furnish it to the Queen’s
taste. “It will be perfect,” she said. They were all sure it would.
Christian looked on while the two bridal pairs held hands, and
listened to the talk about weddings and trousseaux and bridal
journeys. His nose looked bigger and his legs more crooked than
ever. He felt an indefinite sort of pain in the left one, and stared
solemnly at them all out of his little round deep-set eyes. Finally, in
the accents of Marcellus Stengel, he said to his cousin Clothilde,
who sat elderly, dried-up, silent, and hungry, at table among the
happy throng: “Well, Tilda, let’s us get married too—I mean, of
course each one for himself.”
 CHAPTER IX
Some six months later Consul Buddenbrook returned with his bride
from Italy. The March snows lay in Broad Street as the carriage
drove up at five o’clock before the front door of their simple painted
façade. A few children and grown folk had stopped to watch the
home-coming pair descend. Frau Antonie Grünlich stood proudly in
the doorway, behind her the two servant-maids, with white caps,
bare arms, and thick striped skirts—she had engaged them
beforehand for her sister-in-law. Flushed with pleasure and industry,
she ran impetuously down the steps; Gerda and Thomas climbed out
of the trunk-laden carriage wrapped in their furs; and she drew them
into the house in her embrace.
“Here you are! You lucky people, to have travelled so far in the world.
‘Knowest thou the house? High-pillared are its walls!’ Gerda, you are
more beautiful than ever; here, I must kiss you—no, so, on the
mouth. How are you, Tom, old fellow?—yes, I must kiss you too.
Marcus says everything has gone well here. Mother is waiting for
you at home, but you can first just make yourselves comfortable. Will
you have some tea? Or a bath? Everything is ready—you won’t
complain. Jacobs did his best—and I have done all I could, too.”
They went together into the vestibule, and the servants brought in
the luggage with the help of the coachman. Tony said: “The rooms
here in the parterre you will probably not need for the present. For
the present,” she repeated, running her tongue over her upper lip.
“Look, this is pretty,” and she opened a door directly next the
vestibule. “Simple oak furniture, ivy at the windows. Over there, the
other side of the corridor, is another room, a larger one. Here on the
right are the kitchen and larder. But let’s go up. I will show you
everything.” They went up the stairs, which were covered with a
dark-red runner. Above, behind a glass partition, was a narrow
corridor which led to the dining-room. This had dark-red damask
wall-paper, a heavy round table upon which the samovar was
steaming, a massive sideboard, and chairs of carved nut-wood, with
rush seats. Then there was a comfortable sitting-room upholstered in
grey, separated by portières from a small salon with a bay-window
and furniture in green striped rep. A fourth of this whole storey was
occupied by a large hall with three windows.
Then they went into the sleeping-room, on the right of the corridor. It
had flowered hangings and solid mahogany beds. Tony passed on to
a small door with open-work carving in the opposite wall, and
displayed a winding stair leading from the bedroom to the lower
floors, the bathroom, and the servants’ quarters.
“It is pretty here. I shall stop here,” said Gerda, and sank with a deep
breath into the reclining-chair beside one of the beds.
The Consul bent over and kissed her forehead. “Tired? I feel like that
too. I should like to tidy up a bit.”
“I’ll look after the tea,” said Tony Grünlich, “and wait for you in the
dining-room.”
The tea stood steaming in the Meissenware cups when Thomas
entered. “Here I am,” he said. “Gerda would like to rest a little. She
has a headache. Afterward we will go to Meng Street. Well, how is
everything, my dear Tony—all right? Mother, Erica, Christian? But
now,” he went on with his most charming manner, “our warmest
thanks—Gerda’s too—for all your trouble, you good soul. How pretty
you have made everything! Nothing is missing.—I only need a few
palms for my wife’s bay-window; and I must look about for some
suitable oil paintings. But tell me, now, how are you? What have you
been doing all this time?”
He had drawn up a chair for his sister beside himself, and slowly
drank his tea and ate a biscuit as they talked.
“Oh, Tom,” she answered. “What should I be doing? My life is over.”
“Nonsense, Tony—you and your life! But it is pretty tiresome, is it?”
“Yes, Tom, it is very tiresome. Sometimes I just have to shriek, out of
sheer boredom. It has been nice to be busy with this house, and you
don’t know how happy I am at your return. But I am not happy here
—God forgive me, if that is a sin. I am in the thirties now, but I’m still
not quite old enough to make intimate friends with the last of the
Himmelsburgers, or the Miss Gerhardts, or any of mother’s black
friends that come and consume widows’ homes. I don’t believe in
them, Tom; they are wolves in sheep’s clothing—a generation of
vipers. We are all weak creatures with sinful hearts, and when they
begin to look down on me for a poor worldling I laugh in their faces.
I’ve always thought that all men are the same, and that we don’t
need any intercessors between us and God. You know my political
beliefs. I think the citizens—”
“Then you feel lonely?” Tom asked, to bring her back to her starting-
point. “But you have Erica.”
“Yes, Tom, and I love the child with my whole heart—although a
certain person did use to declare that I am not fond of children. But
you see—I am perfectly frank; I am an honest woman and speak as I
think, without making words—”
“Which is splendid of you, Tony.”
“Well, in short—it is sad, but the child reminds me too much of
Grünlich. The Buddenbrooks in Broad Street think she is very like
him too. And then, when I see her before me I always think: ‘You are
an old woman with a big daughter, and your life is over. Once for a
few years you were alive; but now you can grow to be seventy or
eighty years old, sitting here and listening to Lea Gerhardt read
aloud.’ That is such an awful thought, Tom, that a lump comes in my
throat. Because I still feel so young, and still long to see life again.
And besides, I don’t feel comfortable—not only in the house; but in
the town. You know I haven’t been struck blind. I have my eyes in my
head and see how things are; I am not a stupid goose any more, I
am a divorced woman—and I am made to feel it, that’s certain.
Believe me, Tom, it lies like a weight on my heart, to know that I have
besmirched our name, even if it was not any fault of mine. You can
do whatever you will, you can earn money and be the first man in the
town—but people will still say: ‘Yes, but his sister is a divorced
woman.’ Julchen Möllendorpf, the Hagenström girl—she doesn’t
speak to me! Oh, well, she is a goose. It is the same with all families.
And yet I can’t get rid of the hope that I could make it all good again.
I am still young—don’t you think I am still rather pretty? Mamma
cannot give me very much again, but even what she can give is an
acceptable sum of money. Suppose I were to marry again? To
confess the truth, Tom, it is my most fervent wish. Then everything
would be put right and the stain wiped out. Oh, if I could only make a
match worthy of our name, and set myself up again—do you think it
is entirely out of the question?”
“Not in the least, Tony. Heaven forbid! I have always thought of it.
But it seems to me that in the first place you must get out a little,
have a little change, and brighten up a bit.”
“Yes, that’s it,” she cried eagerly. “Now I must tell you a little story.”
Thomas was well pleased. He leaned back in his chair and smoked
his second cigarette. The twilight was coming on.
“Well, then, while you were away, I almost took a situation—a
position as companion in Liverpool! Would you have thought it was
shocking? Oh, I know it would have been undignified! But I was so
wildly anxious to get away. The plan came to nothing. I sent my
photograph to the lady, and she wrote that she must decline my
services, because I was too pretty—there was a grown son in the
house. ‘You are too pretty,’ she wrote! I don’t know when I have been
so pleased.”
They both laughed heartily.
“But now I have something else in mind,” went on Tony. “I have had
an invitation, from Eva Ewers, to go to Munich. Her name is Eva
Niederpaur now; her husband is superintendent of a brewery. Well,
she has asked me to visit her, and I think I will take advantage of the
invitation. Of course, Erica could not go with me. I would put her in
Sesemi Weichbrodt’s pension. She would be well taken care of.
Have you any objection?”
“Not at all. It is necessary, in any case, that you should make some
new connections.”
“Yes, that’s it,” she said gratefully. “But now, Tom. I have been talking
the whole time about myself; I am a selfish thing. Now, tell me your
affairs. Oh, Heavens, how happy you must be.”
“Yes, Tony,” he said with emphasis. There was a pause. He blew out
the smoke across the table and continued: “In the first place, I am
very glad to be married and set up an establishment. You know I
should not make a good bachelor. It has a side to it that suggests
loneliness and also laziness—and I am ambitious, as you know. I
don’t feel that my career is finished, either in business or—to speak
half-jestingly—in politics. And a man gains the confidence of the
world better if he is a family man and a father. Though I came within
an ace of not doing it, after all! I am a bit fastidious. For a long time I
thought it would not be possible to find the right person. But the sight
of Gerda decided me. I felt at once that she was the only one for me:
though I know there are people in town who don’t care for my taste.
She is a wonderful creature; there are few like her in the world. She
is nothing like you, Tony, to be sure. You are simpler, and more
natural too. My lady sister is simply more temperamental,” he
continued, suddenly taking a lighter tone. “Oh, Gerda has
temperament too—her playing shows that; but she can sometimes
be a little cold. In short, she is not to be measured by the ordinary
standards. She is an artist, an individual, a puzzling, fascinating
creature.”
“Yes, yes,” Tony said. She had given her brother the closest
attention. It was nearly dark, and she had not thought of lighting the
lamps.
The corridor door opened, and there stood before them in the
twilight, in a pleated piqué house-frock, white as snow, a slender
figure. The heavy dark-red hair framed her white face, and blue
shadows lay about her close-set brown eyes. It was Gerda, mother
of future Buddenbrooks.
PART SIX
 CHAPTER I
Thomas Buddenbrook took a solitary early breakfast in his pretty
dining-room. His wife usually left her room late, as she was subject
to headaches and vapours in the morning. The Consul went at once
to Meng Street, where the offices still were, took his second
breakfast with his mother, Christian and Ida Jungmann in the
entresol, and met Gerda only at dinner, at four in the afternoon.
The ground floor of the old house still preserved the life and
movement of a great business; but the upper storeys were empty
and lonely. Little Erica had been received as a boarder by
Mademoiselle Weichbrodt, and poor Clothilde had moved with her
few sticks of furniture into a cheap pension with the widow of a high-
school teacher, a Frau Dr. Krauseminz. Even Anton had left the
house, and gone over to the young pair, where he was more needed.
When Christian was at the club, the Frau Consul and Ida Jungmann
sat at four o’clock dinner alone at the round table, in which there was
now not a single extra leaf. It looked quite lost in the great spaces of
the dining-temple with its images of the gods.
The social life of Meng Street had been extinguished with the death
of Consul Johann Buddenbrook. Except for the visits of this or that
man of God, the Frau Consul saw no guests but the members of her
family, who still came on Thursday afternoons. But the first great
dinner had already been given by the young pair in Broad Street.
Tables were laid in both dining- and living-room, and there were a
hired cook and waiters and Kistenmaker wines. It began at five
o’clock, and its sounds and smells were still in the air at eleven. All
the business and professional men were present, married pairs and
bachelors as well: all the tribe of Langhals, Hagenströms, Huneus’,
Kistenmakers, Överdiecks, and Möllendorpfs. It finished off with
whist and music. They talked about it in glowing terms on the Bourse
for a whole week. The young Frau Consul certainly knew how to
entertain! When she and the Consul were alone, in the room lighted
by burned-down candles, with the furniture disarranged and the air
thick with heavy odours of rich food, wine, cigars, coffee, perfume,
and the scent of the flowers from the ladies’ toilettes and the table
decorations, he pressed her hand and said: “Very good, Gerda. We
do not need to be ashamed. This sort of thing is necessary. I have
no great fondness for balls, and having the young people jumping
about here; and, besides, there is not room. But we must entertain
the settled people. A dinner like that costs a bit more—but it is well
spent.”
“You are right,” she had answered, and arranged the laces through
which her bosom shimmered like marble. “I much prefer the dinners
to the balls myself. A dinner is so soothing. I had been playing this
afternoon, and felt a little queer. My brain feels quite dead now. If I
were to be struck by lightning I should not change colour.”
Next morning at half-past eleven the Consul sat down beside his
Mother at the breakfast-table, and she read a letter aloud to him:
Munich, April 2, 1857
marienplatz 5
My dear Mother,
I must beg your pardon—it is a shame that I have not
written before in the eight days I have been here. My time
has been so taken up with all the things there are to see—
I’ll tell you about them afterwards. Now I must ask if all the
dear ones, you and Tom and Gerda and Erica and
Christian and Tilda and Ida, are well—that is the most
important thing.
Ah, what all I have seen in these days!—the Pinakothek
and the Glyptothek and the Hofbräuhaus and the Court
Theatre and the churches, and quantities of other things! I
must tell you of them when I see you; otherwise I should
kill myself writing. We have also had a drive in the Isar
valley, and for to-morrow an excursion to the Wurmsee is
arranged. So it goes on. Eva is very sweet to me, and her
husband, Herr Niederpaur, the brewery superintendent, is
an agreeable man. We live in a very pretty square in the
town, with a fountain in the middle, like ours at home in
 the market place, and the house is quite near the Town
Hall. I have never seen such a house. It is painted from
top to bottom, in all colours—St. Georges killing dragons,
and old Bavarian princes in full robes and arms. Imagine!
Yes, I like Munich extremely. The air is very strengthening
to the nerves, and for the moment I am quite in order with
my stomach trouble. I enjoy drinking the beer—I drink a
good deal, the more so as the water is not very good. But I
cannot quite get used to the food. There are too few
vegetables and too much flour, for instance in the sauces,
which are pathetic. They have no idea of a proper joint of
veal, for the butchers cut everything very badly. And I miss
the fish. It is quite mad to be eating so much cucumber
and potato salad with the beer—my tummy rebels audibly.
Yes, one has to get used to a great deal. It is a real foreign
country. The strange currency, the difficulty of
understanding the common people—I speak too fast to
them and they seem to talk gibberish to me—and then the
Catholicism. I hate it, as you know; I have no respect for it
—
Here the Consul began to laugh, leaning back in the sofa with a
piece of bread and herb cheese in his hand.
“Yes, Tom, you are laughing,” said his Mother, and tapped with her
middle finger on the table. “But it pleases me very much that she
holds fast to the faith of her fathers and shuns the unevangelical
gim-crackery. I know that you felt a certain sympathy for the papal
church, while you were in France and Italy: but that is not religion in
you, Tom—it is something else, and I understand what. We must be
forbearing; yet in these things a frivolous feeling of fascination is very
much to be regretted. I pray God that you and your Gerda,—for I well
know that she does not belong to those firm in the faith—will in the
course of time feel the necessary seriousness. You will forgive your
mother her words, I know.”
On top of the fountain (she continued reading) there is a
Madonna, and sometimes she is crowned with a wreath,
 and the common people come with rose garlands and
kneel down and pray—which looks very pretty, but it is
written: “Go into your chamber.” You often see monks here
in the street; they look very respectable. But—imagine,
Mamma!—yesterday in Theatiner Street some high
dignitary of the church was driving past me in his coach;
perhaps it was an archbishop; anyhow, an elderly man—
well, this gentleman throws me an ogling look out of the
window, like a lieutenant of the Guard! You know, Mother,
I’ve no great opinion of your friends the ministers and
missionaries, but Teary Trieschke was certainly nothing
compared to this rakish old prince of the Church.
“Horrors!” interjected the Frau Consul, shocked.
“That’s Tony, to the life,” said the Consul.
“How is that, Tom?”
“Well, perhaps she just invited him a trifle—to try him, you know. I
know Tony. And I am sure the ‘ogling look’ delighted her hugely,
which was probably what the old gentleman wanted.”
The Frau Consul did not take this up, but continued to read:
Day before yesterday the Niederpaurs entertained in the
evening. It was lovely, though I could not always follow the
conversation, and I found the tone sometimes rather
questionable. There was a singer there from the Court
opera, who sang songs, and a young artist, who asked me
to sit for him, which I refused, as I thought it not suitable. I
enjoyed myself most with a Herr Permaneder. Would you
ever think there could be such a name? He is a hop
dealer, a nice, jolly man, in middle life and a bachelor. I
had him at table, and stuck to him, for he was the only
Protestant in the party. He is a citizen of Munich, but his
family comes from Nuremberg. He assured me that he
knew our firm very well by name, and you can imagine
how it pleased me, Tom, to hear the respectful tone in
which he said that. He asked how many there are of us,
 and things like that. He asked about Erica and Grünlich
too. He comes sometimes to the Niederpaurs’, and is
probably going to-morrow to Wurmsee with us.
Well, adieu, dear Mamma; I can write no more. If I live and
prosper, as you always say, I shall stop here three or four
weeks more, and when I come back I will tell you more of
Munich, for in a letter it is hard to know where to begin. I
like it very much; that I must say—though one would have
to train a cook to make decent sauces. You see, I am an
old woman, with my life behind me, and I have nothing
more to look forward to on earth. But if, for example, Erica
should—if she lives and prospers—marry here, I should
have nothing against it; that I must say.
Again the Consul was obliged to stop eating and lean back in his
chair to laugh.
“She is simply priceless, Mother. And when she tries to dissimulate,
she is incomparable. She is a thousand miles away from being able
to carry it off.”
“Yes, Tom,” said the Frau Consul, “she is a good child, and deserves
good fortune.” And she finished the letter.
 CHAPTER II
At the end of April Frau Grünlich returned home. Another epoch was
behind her, and the old existence began again—attending the daily
devotions and the Jerusalem evenings and hearing Lea Gerhardt
read aloud. Yet she was obviously in a gay and hopeful mood.
Her brother, the Consul, fetched her from the station—she had come
from Buchen—and drove her through the Holsten Gate into the town.
He could not resist paying her the old compliment—how, next to
Clothilde, she was the prettiest one in the family; and she answered:
“Oh, Tom, I hate you! To make fun of an old lady like that—”
But he was right, nevertheless: Madame Grünlich kept her good
looks remarkably. You looked at the thick ash-blonde hair, rolled at
the sides, drawn back above the little ears, and fastened on the top
of the head with a broad tortoise-shell comb; at the soft expression
of her grey-blue eyes, her pretty upper lip, the fine oval and delicate
colour of her face—and you thought of three-and-twenty, perhaps;
never of thirty. She wore elegant hanging gold earrings, which, in a
somewhat different form, her grandmother had worn before her. A
loose bodice of soft dark silk, with satin revers and flat lace
epaulettes, gave her pretty bosom an enchanting look of softness
and fulness.
She was in the best of tempers. On Thursday, when Consul
Buddenbrook and the ladies from Broad Street, Consul Kröger,
Clothilde, Sesemi Wiechbrodt and Erica came to tea, she talked
vividly about Munich. The beer, the noodles, the artist who wanted to
paint her, and the court coaches had made the greatest impressions.
She mentioned Herr Permaneder in passing; and Pfiffi Buddenbrook
let fall a word or two to the effect that such a journey might be very
agreeable, but did not seem to have any practical results. Frau
Grünlich passed this by with dignity, though she put back her head
and tucked in her chin. She fell into the habit now, whenever the
vestibule bell rang through the entry, of hurrying to the landing to see
who had come. What might that mean? Probably only Ida
Jungmann, Tony’s governess and year-long confidante, knew that.
Ida would say, “Tony, my child, you will see: he’ll come.”
The family was grateful to the returned traveller for her cheering
presence; for the atmosphere of the house sadly needed
brightening. The relations between the head of the firm and his
younger brother had not improved. Indeed, they had grown sadly
worse. Their Mother, the Frau Consul, followed with anxious
misgivings the course of events and had enough to do to mediate
between the two. Her hints to visit the office more regularly were
received in absent silence by Christian. He met his brother’s
remonstrances with a mortified air, making no defence, and for a few
days would apply himself with somewhat more zeal to the English
correspondence. But there developed more and more in the elder an
irritated contempt for the younger brother, not decreased by the fact
that Christian received his occasional rebukes without seeming
offence, only looking at him with the usual absent disquiet in his
eyes.
Tom’s irritable activity and the condition of his nerves would not let
him listen sympathetically or even patiently to Christian’s detailed
accounts of his increasing symptoms. To his mother or sister, he
referred to them with disgust as “the silly phenomena of an obstinate
introspection.”
The ache, the indefinite ache in Christian’s left leg, had yielded by
now to treatment; but the trouble in swallowing came on often at
table, and there was lately a difficulty in breathing, an asthmatic
trouble, which Christian thought for several weeks was consumption.
He explained its nature and activity at length to his family, his nose
wrinkled up the while. Dr. Grabow was called in. He said the heart
and lungs were operating soundly, but the occasional difficulty in
breathing was due to muscular sluggishness, and ordered first the
use of a fan and secondly that of a green powder which one burned,
inhaling the smoke. Christian used the fan in the office, and to a
remonstrance on the part of the chief answered that in Valparaiso
every man in the office was provided with a fan on account of the
heat: “Johnny Thunderstorm—good God!” But one day, after he had
been wriggling about on his chair for some time, nervous and
restless, he took his powder out of his pocket and made such a
strong and violent-smelling reek in the room that some of the men
began to cough violently, and Herr Marcus grew quite pale. There
was an open explosion, a scandal, a dreadful talking-to which would
have led to a break at once, but that the Frau Consul once more
covered everything all up, reasoned them out of it, and set things
going again.
But this was not all. The life Christian led outside the house, mainly
with his old schoolmate Lawyer Gieseke, was observed by the
Consul with disgust. He was no prig, no spoil-sport. He knew very
well that his native town, this port and trading city, where men
walked the streets proud of their irreproachable reputation as
business men, was by no means of spotless morality. They made up
to themselves for the tedious hours spent in their offices, by dinners
with heavy wines and heavy dishes—and by other things. But the
broad mantle of civic respectability concealed this side of their life.
Thomas Buddenbrook’s first law was to preserve “the dehors”;
wherein he showed himself not so different from his fellow burghers.
Lawyer Gieseke was a member of the professional class, whose
habits of life were much like those of the merchants. That he was
also a “good fellow,” anybody could see who looked at him. But, like
the other easy men of pleasure in the community, he knew how to
avoid trouble by wearing the proper expression and saying the
proper thing. And in political and professional matters, he had a
reputation of irreproachable respectability. His betrothal to Fräulein
Huneus had just been announced; whereby he married a
considerable dowry and a place in the best society. He was active in
civic affairs, and he had his eye on a seat in the Council—even,
ultimately, on the seat of old Burgomaster Överdieck.
But his friend Christian Buddenbrook—the same who could go
calmly up to Mlle. Meyer-de-la-Grange, present her his bouquet, and
say, “Oh, Fräulein, how beautifully you act!”—Christian had been
developed by character and circumstances into a free-liver of the
naïve and untrammeled type. In affairs of the heart, as in all others,
he was disinclined to govern his feelings or to practise discretion for
the sake of preserving his dignity. The whole town had laughed over
his affair with an obscure actress at the summer theatre. Frau Stuht
in Bell Founders’ Street—the same who moved in the best society—
told everybody who would listen how Chris had been seen again
walking by daylight in the open street with the person from the Tivoli.
Even that did not actually offend people. There was too much candid
cynicism in the community to permit a display of serious moral
disapproval. Christian Buddenbrook, like Consul Peter Döhlmann—
whose declining business put him into somewhat the same artless
class—was a popular entertainer and indispensable to gentlemen’s
companions. But neither was taken seriously. In important matters
they simply did not count. It was a significant fact that the whole
town, the Bourse, the docks, the club, and the street called them by
their first names—Peter and Chris. And enemies, like the
Hagenströms, laughed not only at Chris’s stories and jokes; but at
Chris himself, too.
He thought little or nothing of this. If he noticed it, it passed out of his
mind again after a momentary disquiet. But his brother the Consul
knew it. Thomas knew that Christian afforded a point of attack to the
enemies of the family—and there were already too many such
points. The connection with the Överdiecks was distant and would
be quite worthless after the Burgomaster’s death. The Krögers
played no rôle now; they lived retired, after the misfortunes with their
son. The marriage of the deceased uncle Gotthold was always
unpleasant. The Consul’s sister was a divorced wife, even if one did
not quite give up hope of her re-marrying. And his brother was a
laughing-stock in the town, a man with whose clownishness
industrious men amused their leisure and then laughed good-
naturedly or maliciously. He contracted debts, too, and at the end of
the quarter, when he had no more money, would quite openly let Dr.
Gieseke pay for him—which was a direct reflection on the firm.
Thomas’s contemptuous ill will, which Christian bore with quiet
indifference, expressed itself in all the trifling situations that come up
between members of a family. If the conversation turned upon the
Buddenbrook family history, Christian might be in the mood to speak
with serious love and admiration of his native town and of his
ancestors. It sat rather oddly on him, to be sure, and the Consul
could not stand it: he would cut short the conversation with some
cold remark. He despised his brother so much that he could not even
permit him to love where he did. If Christian had uttered the same
sentiments in the dialect of Marcellus Stengel, Tom could have borne
it better. He had read a book, a historical work, which had made
such a strong impression on him that he spoke about it and praised it
in the family. Christian would by himself never have found out the
book; but he was impressionable and accessible to every influence;
so he also read it, found it wonderful, and described his reactions
with all possible detail. That book was spoiled for Thomas for ever.
He spoke of it with cold and critical detachment. He pretended hardly
to have read it. He completely gave it over to his brother, to admire
all by himself.
 CHAPTER III
Consul Buddenbrook came from the “Harmony”—a reading-club
for men, where he had spent the hour after second breakfast—back
into Meng Street. He crossed the yard from behind, entered the side
of the garden by the passage which ran between vine-covered walls
and connected the back and front courtyards, and called into the
kitchen to ask if his brother were at home. They should let him know
when he came in. Then he passed through the office (where the men
at the desks bent more closely over their work) into the private room;
he laid aside his hat and stick, put on his working coat, and sat down
in his place by the window, opposite Herr Marcus. Between his pale
eyebrows were two deep wrinkles. The yellow end of a Russian
cigarette roamed from one corner of his mouth to the other. The
movements with which he took up paper and writing materials were
so short and jerky that Herr Marcus ran his two fingers up and down
his beard and gave his colleague a long, scrutinizing look. The
younger men glanced at him with raised eyebrows. The Head was
angry.
After half an hour, during which nothing was heard but the scratching
of pens and the sound of Herr Marcus discreetly clearing his throat,
the Consul looked over the green half-blind and saw Christian
coming down the street. He was smoking. He came from the club,
where he had eaten and also played a bit. He wore his hat a little
awry on his head, and swung his yellow stick, which had come from
“over there” and had the bust of a nun for a handle. He was
obviously in good health and the best of tempers. He came humming
into the office, said “Good morning, gentlemen,” although it was a
bright spring afternoon, and took his place to “do a bit of work.” But
the Consul got up and, passing him, said without looking at him, “Oh,
may I have a few words with you?” Christian followed him. They
walked rather rapidly through the entry. Thomas held his hands
behind his back, and Christian involuntarily did the same, turning his
big bony hooked nose toward his brother. The red-blond moustache
drooped, English fashion, over his mouth. While they went across
the court, Thomas said: “We will walk a few steps up and down the
garden, my friend.”
“Good,” answered Christian. Then there was a long silence again,
while they turned to the left and walked, by the outside way, past the
rococo “portal” right round the garden, where the buds were
beginning to swell. Finally the Consul said in a loud voice, with a
long breath, “I have just been very angry, on account of your
behaviour.”
“My—?”
“Yes. I heard in the ‘Harmony’ about a remark of yours that you
dropped in the club last evening. It was so obnoxious, so incredibly
tactless, that I can find no words—the stupidity called down a sharp
snub on you at once. Do you care to recall what it was?”
“I know now what you mean. Who told you that?”
“What has that to do with it? Döhlmann.—In a voice loud enough so
that all the people who did not already know the story could laugh at
the joke.”
“Well, Tom, I must say I was ashamed of Hagenström.”
“You were ashamed—you were—! Listen to me,” shouted the
Consul, stretching out both hands in front of him and shaking them in
excitement. “In a company consisting of business as well as
professional men, you make the remark, for everybody to hear, that,
when one really considers it, every business man is a swindler—you,
a business man yourself, belonging to a firm that strains every nerve
and muscle to preserve its perfect integrity and spotless reputation!”
“Good heavens, Thomas, it was a joke!—although, really—”
Christian hesitated, wrinkling his nose and stooping a little. In this
position he took a few steps.
“A joke!” shouted the Consul. “I think I can understand a joke, but
you see how your joke was understood. ‘For my part, I have the
greatest respect for my calling.’ That was what Hermann
Hagenström answered you. And there you sat, a good-for-nothing,
with no respect for yours—”
“Tom, you don’t know what you are talking about. I assure you he
spoiled the whole joke. After everybody laughed, as if they agreed
with me, there sat this Hagenström and brought out with ridiculous
solemnity, ‘For my part—’ Stupid fool! I was really ashamed for him. I
thought about it a long time in bed last night, and I had a quite
remarkable feeling—you know how it feels—”
“Stop chattering, stop chattering, I beg you,” interrupted the Consul.
He trembled with disgust in his whole body. “I agree—I agree with
you that his answer was not in the right key, and that it was
tasteless. But that is just the kind of people you pick out to say such
things to!—if it is necessary to say them at all—and so you lay
yourself open to an insolent snub like that. Hagenström took the
opening to—give not only you but us a slap. Do you understand what
‘for my part’ meant? It meant: ‘You may have such ideas going about
in your brother’s office, Herr Buddenbrook.’ That’s what it meant, you
idiot.”
“Idiot—?” said Christian. He looked disturbed and embarrassed.
“And finally, you belong not to yourself alone; I’m supposed to be
indifferent when you make yourself personally ridiculous—and when
don’t you make yourself personally ridiculous?” Thomas cried. He
was pale, and the blue veins stood out on his narrow temples, from
which the hair went back in two bays. One of his light eyebrows was
raised; even the long, stiff pointed ends of his moustache looked
angry as he threw his words down at Christian’s feet on the gravel
with quick sidewise gestures. “You make yourself a laughing-stock
with your love affairs, your harlequinades, your diseases and your
remedies.”
Christian shook his head vehemently and put up a warning finger.
“As far as that goes, Tom, you don’t understand very well, you know.
The thing is—every one must attend to his own conscience, so to
speak. I don’t know if you understand that.—Grabow has ordered me
a salve for the throat muscles. Well—if I don’t use it, if I neglect it, I
am quite lost and helpless, I am restless and uncertain and worried
and upset, and I can’t swallow. But if I have been using it, I feel that I
have done my duty, I have a good conscience, I am quiet and calm