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4. Discuss “Food has always been a subject of art”.

Apply to 18th century painting especially

In exploring how food has not always been a direct subject of art, especially in the 18th
century. Francisco de Goya, a Spanish artist whose career spanned the late 18th and early
19th centuries, he used to examine the nuanced role of food in art during this period.

Goya, while primarily known for his dark and dramatic scenes, also painted still lifes, yet
these works often conveyed deeper social and political commentary rather than a mere
appreciation for the aesthetics of food. For instance, his series of etchings, "Los Caprichos,"
while not focused on food per se, uses elements of meals and feasting to critique societal
follies and moral decay.

3. Explain what was a “Turnspit dog” and find at least another relevant website about it.

A "Turnspit Dog" was a breed of dog during the 16th to 19th centuries in Great Britain.
According to the web site “How stuff works” “The small cooking dog was bred to run on a
wheel that turned the roasting spit”. They were long-bodied dogs with short legs.
They were built in the way their main job dictated which was running on a big wheel really
similar to that of a hamster but they were connected with a cooking spit over a fireplace. By
running in the wheel, the dogs turned
the spit, ensuring that meat cooked
evenly on all sides. I think that it must
have been a very loud process and that
nowadays it wouldn't be very good

Elizabethan-era kitchens ⇒

Turnspit Dogs were considered an


essential part of the kitchen in many
households.
Despite their utility,in my opinion the conditions under which Turnspit Dogs worked were
often harsh. Many dogs spent hours running next to fireplaces, sometimes with little to no
water. They finally stopped using dogs with the invention of the spit turning machine.

2. Compare the developments of TEA and CHOCOLATE.

China believed tea had medicinal qualities in 2737 BC. In the Tang dynasty, Lu Yu wrote the
book "Tea Classic," explaining how to grow and drink tea. This book spread tea use to Japan
through monks, becoming part of their culture.

Chocolate has roots in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures. Olmec, Mayas, and Aztecs
valued cacao beans as both a drink and money. Spanish brought it to Europe in the 16th
century, making it a luxury drink for the higher class.

Tea's journey to Europe began in the 16th century with Portuguese and Dutch traders. In
17th century Britain, it became a national drink after Charles II married Catherine of
Braganza, who loved tea. This noble approval began tea's popularity in high society and
eventually among everyday people.

In Europe, chocolate became really popular in Europe, in the first place thanks to all the
swiss chocolate brands who added sugar and milk to suit tastes. The industrial revolution
made mass production possible, democratizing chocolate and turning it into bars and sweets
for everyone to enjoy.

Works cited:

Turnspit dog :

https://animals.howstuffworks.com/pets/turnspit-dogs.htm
Consulted on March 7th, 2024.

Tea :

https://www.teahousetheatre.co.uk/a-social-history
Consulted on March 7th, 2024.

https://www.tea.co.uk/history-of-tea
Consulted on March 7th, 2024.

Francisco Goya :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Goya
Consulted on March 7th, 2024.

Tea, Georgian kitchen :

http://www.18thc-cities.paris-sorbonne.fr/Clubs-and-societies.html?lang=en#1
Consulted on March 7th, 2024.

http://www.18thc-cities.paris-sorbonne.fr/The-internet-in-a-cup.html?lang=en
Consulted on March 7th, 2024.

http://www.18thc-cities.paris-sorbonne.fr/Coffee-houses-in-London.html?lang=en
Consulted on March 7th, 2024.

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