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REFERENC
LIBRARY
A project of Volunteers in Asia
A Beekwina Gui&
pub1 i shed by
VOLUNTEERS IN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, INC.
t 815 North Lynn Street, Suite 200
Arlington, Virginia 22209-2079 USA
Fourth printing, 1989
ISBN: O-86619-154-2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cell ...................... . . . .
Beeswax. .................... . . * .
Nectar.. ................... . . .
Flowers. .................... . . . .
AHome ..................... . . 7
BrEttIvES ..................... . . . -
. . . 2 ‘.
. . . . . . . .
. I . . . . .
. . . . . . . : .!
. . . . . s . .
. . . . . s s .
. . . . * s . e .
. . . * . I .
. . . . . D .
- . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . .
. .
AIXWF VLTA
Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA) is a private, non-
profit, international development organization. VITA makes
available to individuals and groups in developing countries a
variety of information and technical resources aimed at fos-
tering sc?.f sufficiency-- needs assessment and program devel-
opment support: by-mail and on-site consulting services:
information systems training; and management cf long-term
field projects. VITA promotes the application of simple,
inexpensive technologies to solve problems and create oppor-
tunities in developing countries.
VITA pl;ic*>s special emphasis en the areas of agriculture and
food procesr;inq, renewable energy applications, water supply
cilld :;anitntion, housing and construction, and 31~711 business
ii@-"vi?1opment . VL'1'A's activities are facilitated by the active
involvement of VITA Volunteer technical experts from around
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ize4 technical material of interest to people in developing
countries . VITA also publishes a quarterly magazine and a
variety of technical papers, manuals, and bulletins. For more
information, write to VITA, 1815 North L.ynn Street, Suite
2 II ta, Arlington, Virginia 22209 USA.
hCMOWL,EXXXENTS
The Queen
The queen is larger than the worker and longer than the drone.
Her wings are shorter in proportion to her body length than
those of the drone or worker. She has a long, tapering
abdomen. When undisturbed, a mated, laying queen will usu-
ally be found on or near the comb containing the eggs in the
hive.
The Drone
Drones are larger and fatter than the queen or the workers.
Their bodies are not as long as the queen's. The drone has a
short tongue*he uses to take food from workers and from stored
honey in the hive. He does not have legs fit to carry pollen,
and he is unable to produce wax. He has no stinger to defend
himself. Children enjoy handling drones!
2
The Worker
Cells
-.
The cells oE the queen, drone, and worker all differ, as shown.
3
RELATIVES OF BONEYBEES
Wasps are not bees but are sometimes mistaken for bees by
people . (A black xasp and brown wasp are shown below.) Their
homes are made of mud or paperlike materials. Many wasps are
parasitic, laying their cqqs in or on the bodies of other
insects or spiders. Wasps are not good for honey production.
BROWN BLACK
WASP WASP
Dammar bees are the smaX’Lesk of th? honey yielders and are
known by many people as stingless bees (Melipona
---- _I_ spp. and
Trigona spp.). However, it is not completely correct to call
them this because they do have stingers although imperEect for
use. These bees do not sting but bite instead. They resemble a
honeybee somewhat, but are much smaller. They build their homes
in the hollows of trees, rocks, walls, keyholes, and roof
cracks. Al thouqh these bees store honey, the yield is too
little to warrant keeping them.
4
WRA’J! BRRS NRRD TO LIW
. Beeswax . Flowers
. Nertar . Tree and flower buds
l Water . A home
Beeswax
Bees need beeswax in order to make wax comb. They store honey
and pollen and raise their young in the wax comb. Workers
produce beeswax in wax glands located on the underside of their
bodies. As it is made, beeswax changes from a liquid into tiny
wax scales. Workers then use these wax scales to build wax
comb.
Nectar
5
Nectar is generally one-half to three-fourths water. After the
workers carry nectar to the hive, they evaporate most of the
water to thickc-n it. They then seal the full honeycomb cells
with a thin layer of wax.
Many flowering plants make nectar, but only a few grow abun-
dantly or produce enough nectar to be considered good sources.
The best sources of nectar vary from place to place. As a
beekeeper, you will want to know the plants in your area that
are best for honey production.
Water
Bee; must have water in order to live. Bees add water to honey
before eating it. During hot weather, they may stop collecting
food and start collecting water to cool the hive. Some water is
obtained from nectar, but a colony that cannot collect water
from other sources will die within a Eew days. Beekeepers often
maintain an open supply of water durinq dry periods.
Flowers
A Borne
7
L After the surplus is collected, it should be easy for the
bees to start storing honey again in the hive.
. The hive should be well made so that it will house the bees
for many honey-producing seasons.
. The hive should protect the bees from cold or hot weather. In
a warm country, the hive should be placed in partial shade.
a
BEEEIVES
. Wood.
. Tree trunks, which are cut into sections and hollowed out.
9
this Rulletin. Althouqh these hives differ in size, both have
basically the same parts.
Langstroth Rive
10
~------16;“-,--- II. ----=
11
The dimensions : the super and the super frames should be
the exact Sl of the brood chamber and brood chamber
frames.
4. Wooden franc) --^ [for brood chamber and honey super]. Nine
frames are usually used in each brood chamber and honey
super, although each is capable of holding ten frames each.
This extra space makes it easy to move the frames around
when inspecting the hive or to take the frames out when
extracting honey. Once the nine frames are filled, most bee-
keepers usually add the 10th. By this time, there is less
need for routine examinations of the frames.
z*.q-- 4 * 3.
4- p-- . . . ..-..-...I >a*-.-.. .. .. . . ..-...-.. y+ : 0
I’ 8’
. ------. --..*--I.. /g=..._-_.-. .. _._ *.._.
-+ I+- i -r1
1
i
:
;iw
12
The frames can be wired so they will support wax comb or
sheets of wax foundation. This can be done by drilling three
or four holes in each side bar and then stringing tinned
wire (28 gauge) tightly through the holes (see Figure 3).
Good wiring prevents the
foundation and combs from
sagging and allows the bee-
keeper to handle the combs at
any time. If beeswax founda-
tion sheets are available,
they should be used. Combs
built on foundation sheets
are very sturdy. Brood combs
and honey super combs can be
used for several years and
are very important to the
Figure 3. Sheet of modern beekeeper. Wax founda-
foundation wax tion sheets are attached to
wired frames by dripping a
thin layer of melted beeswax along each wire and pressing to
the foundation sheet. Wax foundation sheets can be attached
to LJdires with a small tool called the "spur embedder" (see
Fi;l;re 4).
14
. Side bar: Each is made of 0.97cm (318") thick wood and is
22.23cm (8-3/4") long and 2.54cm (1") wide. There are four
holes in each side bar for wiring the frames (see Figure
2, page 12). These holes should be drilled before assem-
bling the frame.
5. Inner cover. This helps insulate the bees from heat and
cold. It also keeps bees from building comb and propolis
under the outside cover. The inner cover is made from wood,
fiber mat, or jute sackcloth cut to the same length and
width as the honey super.
16
Newton Hive
The Newton hive is smaller than the Langstroth type and allows
the bees to control the temperature in the hive with less
effort. Small colonies in large hives may have their brood
chilled during cold winter nights and early mornings. The biles
will leave the outer frames and upper frames to cluster in a
tiqht mass in the center of the brood chamber.
Fiqure 9 shows the dimensions for the parts to the Newton hive,
as follows:
2. Brood chamber. This is a box without top and bottom and made
of 2.24cm (7/8”) thick wood with outer dimensions 28.27cm X
27.3lcm X 16.2lcm (11-l/8” X lo-3/4" X 6-3/8") and inner
dimensions 23.83cm X 22.86~~1 X 16.21cm (g-3/8" X 9" X
6-3/8”). A groove shelf 1.27cm deep X 0.97cm wide (l/2" X
3/8") is cut along the entire inside top edge of both width
boards. The "side view" shows how the frames rest on this
shelf.
17
,__ -, ._ . I ,,
-SWWV-
--“--- 9”___-_
I------
I
front view
18
--
added to the hive if the bees need more space. Abe dimen-
sions of the super and the super frame should be the same as
those for the brood chamber and brood chamber frames.
Top
. _.- bar:
25.4cm long X
--- 2.24cm wide X 1=27cm thicK (10“ X
7/8” x 1/2”9. It is cut to 0.64cm (l/4") thickness on both
sides for a length of 2.06cm (13/16"). It has 3 groove
in the middle of its lower side for affixing the comb
19
foundation sheet. Two 1.60cm
(S/SW) staples or WU-nails"
should be driven in the top
bar on its opposite sides,
at opposite ends (see Figure
ll), so that the frames
Figure 11, Staple placement stand 0.97cm (3/8”) apart.
,” -
x ---’
gt’* --->
; ----_---_ ,*” --^-..---_ 4
Top bar
7I, i:'
---'tC-- 4
-v-
6”
/- 2”
;. _ ___ ____ -*5- - - - - - - -=, I 8
0 I
Bott6m bar
20
* Bottom bar: 22.56cm long X 2.24cm wide X 0.64cm thick
(8-?/8" X 7,'8" X l/4").
5. --Inner cover. This helps insulate the bees from heat and
cold. It also keeps bees from building comb and propolis
under the outside cover. The inner cover is made from wood,
fiber mat, or jute sackcloth--cut to the same length and
width as the honey super.
6. Outside
-- cover. This protects the frames and supers under-
neath. Many beekeepers prefer a sloping cover_, as shown in
Figurn 9, page 18, because it sheds rainwater quickly. It
usually is made to fit loosely over the hive and is provided
with a 1” screened ventilation hole on the front and back.
7. t!dndles.
._-“__-_.“- For ease in hand1 inq, one handle should be placed
in tht? center of each side OF the brood chamber or honey
super--a total of four handles on each chamber or surer.
21
Simple Bives
There are many kinds of simple hives the beekeeper can make,
depending upon available material. Several types are shown
below.
U
Figure 13. Kerosene tin hive
22
The tree trunk hive can
be used when a colony
of bees are found
living in the trunk of
a dead tree. If the
tree is not too large,
the section holdinq the
colony can be cut out
and secured to a
stand, Supers can be
added to the top as the
bees need more space
for honey storaqe (see
Figure 15).
23
SOHE SIMPLE EQUIPHKNT NEEDED FOR BEEKEEPING
When the veil is put on, the tapes are passed under the arms
and tt~rouqh the rinqs. Pcrllinil the tapes tiqht pulls the
c!dqe of the n~?ttinq tight csclainst the shoulders. The remain-
ing taFC? is pa ssed back under the arms to stretch the f rant
flat and is then brcught, again, to the front to be tieA.
3. _---
Smoker.
---- ^ This is r~serf to distract the bees. When worker bees
SrntsEI. smoke 0 they fill thoms+lves with hoxey. It is diffi-
cult For 3 bee with a full stomach to sting because it
cannot daub le up . tight puffs of smoke at the entrance and
OR tap of the opened hive are usually snouijh.
Srrme heekc?eper s IISC? a straw torch and blow smoke into the
!-Ii v c?. This is not good because burnt grass is also I9li9wn
24
-
2s
into the combs makinq the honey dirty. The hot embers could
singe the bees making them more apt to sting.
26
The best material to burn in the smoker is old, dry sacking
or rotten wood, since these burn slowly and give off a cool
smoke. Rags, cotton waste, wood shavings, cowdung, dried
corn cobs, and dry leaves also make good fuel for the
smoker.
4. Hive tool. This helps to pry apart the hive boxes and
frames. It can be purchased from a bee equipment company or
made by the beekeeper from an old truck "leaf-spring" cut to
20.32cm or 25.40cm (8" or 10"). The sharp edge is used for
scraping wax and oropolis from inside the hive.
27
BOW TO NOVE BEES INTO A NEW HIVE
Before the bees swarm, the queen lays a single fertile egg in
each of the prepared queen cells. She then leaves the hive,
with about half the bees, in search of a new home. The remain-
ing bees in the hive wait for a new queen to mature. The new
queen mates with the drones and the colony life goes on.
Bees in a swarm seldom sting, but a face net and smoker will
make the transfer safer.
26
I Figure 20. Collectinq a swarm
then shaken into the new hive and left undi .sturbed fo r a few
days. It will not take long for the bees to fill the rest of
the frame with wax comb and begin storing food and rais ing
young.
INSPECTING THE COLONY
The best time for inspecting the colony is a bright, sunny day
I-
when the bees are working
turbed
After
on cold, rainy,
lighting
the side to avoid blocking
normally.
the smoker,
Bees should
or windy days or at night.
entrance.
be approached
A few puffs
from
of
smoke should be given at the entrance. The inner cover should
be lifted a little with the hive tool, and smoke blown into the
hive, and the inner cover replaced. After a few moments, the
inner cover should be removed and placed upside down against
the hive. The frames should be pried apart with the hive tool,
taken out, and examined one by one. They should be handled
carefully over the open hive and turned as shown in Figure 21.
During this work, the queen should always be kept in mind. The
frame on which she is located should be placed back in the hive
early. The frames should be handled gently and crushing the
bees should be avoided.
31
Figure 21, The correct way to handle a frame
HELPING A COLONY HAKE UORE HONEY
There are many things that can be done to help bees make more
honey. Experience will make the beekeeper more aware of ways to
increase honey production. A few ways to make beekeeping a
success are listed below:
33
2. -----___
Prevent swarming.
--- About one-half of the bees are lost when
they swarm. A crowded brood chamber is one of the main
causes of swarming. Always make sure that bees have enough
room in the brood chamber and honey super by adding addi-
tional brood boxes or supers before current ones are cDm-
pletely filled.
3. .I__--
Locate hives properly. Hives should be placed near good
sources of nectar, pollen, and water. The hives should be
protected from direct wind and hard rains.
4. ----
Time12 __--
visits. Getting a good honey crop is a year-round
job. Bee colonies should be checked every month (except dur-
ing cold winter days) Eor honey anti pollen supply, popula-
tion, and condition of the queen and brood.
5. ^----_-
Remove__eests
-- -.--from
.-_--- the
-._-__hive.
-- The most serious pests are those
that come to breed in the hive, like some kinds of beetles
and moths. These pests will lay their eggs in any combs not
deEended by the bees. The iarvae (grub, worm-like youny)
feed on pollen and other food in the cells, chewing large
holes and tunnels in the combs.
34
..,3AT TO DO BEFORE TBE BONEYFLOW
First-year Swarms
the Boneyflow
Examine each beehive and clean the inside of pests and dirt. If
a colony is below average strength, it can be helped by adding
a frame or two of capped (sealed) worker brood from a stronger
colony. Another qood practice i.; to make the strenqth of all
colonies equal, so they all require your attention at about the
same time, and respond equally to one kind of treatment. New
colonies should be fed a 50% sugar solution until the honeyflow
begins.
Prevent Swarming
35
different colonies of bees. Swarming can be caused by an onrush
of a sudden honeyflow, the sudden failure of the queen to lay
eggs, a hot or poorly ventilated beehive, lack of space for egg
laying and honey storage, and honeycombs in the worker brood
area. If the bees feel crowded, they will surely swarm--or
worse, desert the brood and beehive completely. Be sure to keep
beehives in the shade and t if necessary, make the entrance
opening to the hive larger during hot periods. If the bees
cluster at the entrance on warm nights, it could mean they are
feeling crowded and need more frames or supers, although this
is normal in a busy hive.
The natural order of the frames in the brood chamber should not
be disturbed. Only poor, irregular combs, or combs filled with
drones, should he removed. Combs of drones should be placed in
the honey super or outside the frames containing brood. In this
way these frames will not act as barriers to the queen as she
moves from one frame to another.
Frames in the brood chamber filled with honey and pollen should
be moved to the outside of the brood area or into supers
above. The frames should be carefully arranged with your fin-
gers and spaced evenly apart. Prevent crowding by giving the
bees enough well-drawn combs for brood rearing and honey
storage.
36
WEfAT TO DO DURING TEE HONEYFLOW
37
BARVESTING TRB CROPS (XONEY AND BEESWAX)
Probably the most efficient way to get honey out of the comb is
to uncap, or remove, the thin cells covers with a warm knife
and spin out the liquid honey with a honey extractor (see
Figure 28). The honey extractor is made with a drum and basket
fittinq inside that holds two or four wooden frames. The honey
is neatly removed and the combs returned to the hive to be
refilled with more honey.
38
It may be too expensive to buy or make an extractor for the
amount of honey produced by a few colonies. Several nearby
beekeepers might like to share this expense,
The beginner can melt and clean wax in a large tub or pot. The
bits of wax and comb material should be put in the tub or pot
and covered with water. The container should be on a sturdy,
39
fireproof stand so a fire can be built underneath it. Heat the
water until it boils. The beeswax will rise to the top of the
container. Do not let the water boil over the top of the con-
tainer since the hot wax will burn.
40
APPENDIX
Rock bees are good honey gatherers and have been seen to begin
the day's work earlier and stop later than the Indian bees.
They store surplus honey, usually in the front portion of the
comb, which is harvested two or three times during the year by
professional honey gatherers. A single colony may yield up to
35kq (77 lbs) of honey during a year.
41
Unfortunately, rock
bees have ferocious tempers and have been
known to attack people and animals when disturbed or excited.
They are, however, controllable with smoke and are as success-
fully managed in this way as any other species of honeybee.
ProEessional honey qatherers and modern beekeepers are able to
handle them with little difficulty. Some beekeepers have tried
to keep rock bees in box hives, but the bees prefer their homes
in high places and soon leave after a few days,
The workers are very noticeable. The portion of the bee's body
just behind the legs and wings is bright orange, with black and
white stripes near its end. These workers are much smaller than
the golden brown queen and black drones with smoky qrey hair.
Although little bees are more qentle than rock bees, their
small comb yields only O.5-lkq (l-2 lb), and they prefer to
remain in the wild.
This is the best bee for producing honey and can easily be
housed in wooden boxes, packing crates, kerosene tins, earthen
jars, and wall recesses. Unlike its rock bee and little bee
sisters, the Indian bee makes several combs for storing honey.
42
The habits of this bee vary from strain to strain. Generally
speaking, it is a bee with a gentle temper and is easy to
handle even by the beqinner. It responds to smoking; but in
several cases, bees showed a little uneasiness.
The European bee is found all over Europe and has a large
number of well recoqnized varieties and strains. The Italian
variety is considered to be the best and has been introduced in
almost all countries of the world. It is similar in habits to
the Indian bee in that it makes its home in enclosed places and
builds several combs for storing honey. Queens are qood layers;
the bees have gentle tempers, qood honey-gathering habits, and
43
guard their home against all bee enemies except wasps. It has
adapted itself particularly well to the movable-frame hive and
modern methods of management. Man has even developed special
strains for gentle temperament, honey gathering, pollination,
and other qualities. f
44
First Lessons in ___-
Beekeeping, Dadant & Sons: Inc.
45
PRODUCTION IDGS
HONEY FMW
=--- --
HIVE #
----__------------------ ---------------------------------------
DATE
--------------------I___ ----I------------_---------------------
LOCATION
------------------------ ----------------_----------------------
QUANTITY
--------------------__I_ ---------------------------------------
COMMENTS
-
HIVE t
DATE
LOCATION
-------------------
QUANTITY
COMPiENTS
-------___--sl_l
--------.---- m-e---- _------_---------,--
-------1~~1~1-----------
HIVE #
---~--------------------- 1-w---------------.-
DATE
----,----------------__I_ ----------I--------
LOCATION
------------------------
QUANTITY
------------------------
COMMENTS
__---l-___--___-
-- ---- --- p-w;:_- ----
HIVE %
-----------------I------
DATE
--------------------__I_
LOCATION
----I--------------
QUANTITY
-^----------------------
COMMENTS
-l----ll----_
--_I_-- ---__---
HIVE #
--------------------
DATE
LOCATION
QUANTITY
COMMENTS
- i
HIVE #
----~-------------------r-------------------------------------------
DATE
--------------------________________c___------------------------
LOCATION
--------------------________________^___------------------------
QUANTITY
--------------------___I________________------------------------
COMMENTS
- -
HIVE: #
DATE
LOCATION
QUANTITY
COMMENTS
--~-----
_---__- ---1----- ----z-x--- -----_----l____-
----~_----~------
HIVE #
-L-----------------
DATE
LOCATION
QUANTITY
COMXENTS
- - - ---~-----I
-- --__---__-
---__---__-----
HIVE 4
-------------------
DATE
------s.-------.a-".--
LOCATION
-------------------
QUANTITY
-------------------
CCIMMENTS
---------_---
----_--
HIirE #
-------------------
DATE
LOCATION
QUANTITY
COMMENTS
BLOOM DATES
-~
V=ARIETY
------------------------- -----------------I- -------------------
DATE/DURATION
------------------------ ---I-------------- ----w-------------
Ix)CATION
------w------------
QUALITY
-------------------
COMMENTS
---
VARIETY
----------------^--
DATE/DURATION
-e--^--------------
I&CATION
QUALITY
------------------------ -------------------_.-------------------
COMMENTS
=------- -----
-l_-------------------~ ---- ---z--==
VARIETY
Y------I-----------
DATE/DURATION
------------------------..-----------~-------..-------------------
WCATION
------------------------.--------------------.--------------------
QUALITY
--------------------____(________I______-----.--------------------
COMMENTS
=. . ~-~-PP----_-l=~~- ----==== =====;: - ----- _.-.---- -====-~======~=
VARIETY
-------------------s----
DATE/DURATION
--------I---------------
LQCATION
-------------------
QUALITY
COMMENTS
------A--- -_I_---------_
-------------=----------=====-I
VARIETY
DATE/DURATION
----------------------------------------------------------------
XK!ATIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------
QUALITY
--------------------__u_I_______________-------------------------
COMMENTS
VARIETY
DATE~DURATION
--------------c-------- -------------------------------------
LOCATION
------------------------ ------------------_-_________I_________
QMLITY
-s--m ----------------- --------------------________s__________
COMMENTS
1
---u----------------- ------------------------------------
DATE~DURATION
------------------------.--------------------,------------------
UXATION
------------------H-----.-------------------_.-------------------
QUAUTY
------------------------..--------------------.---Y--------------
COMMENTS
--- -Y
VARIETY
-----------------a
DATE/DURATION
--------m-m
I&CATION
-------------------
QUAIZTY
----------a
COMMENTS
--
-------
VARIETY
----------------------------------------------------------------
M~/DURATION
----------------------------------------------------------------
ILlCATION
--------------------__L_________________- --------------we----
QUALITY
----------------------------------------------------------------
CGIYMEMTS
--------------------
DATE/DURATION
----------------------- --------------------
ILXATION
---------------------- ----------c---------
QUALITY
.--------------------
WAX PRODUCTION
HIVE #
-------a-----------
DATE
-------------------
LOCATION
-------------------
QUANTITY
-------^-----------
COMMENTS
- ' -a---
HIVE #
DATE
-------------------
LOCATION
------------P---o------- ------------------ -------------------.
QUANTITY
COMMENTS
-------------
---- pI~-III- -----
._~ ---P- ---------------~========~====m=
---.- __-.---_-
HIVE P
-----------I-------
DATE
----^--------------
LOCATION
------------------------
QUANTITY
-------------------
COMMENTS
HLVE #
-------------.----------- -----------------p --p-IpIpII-
DATE
-I-pI------------------- ---I-----------I-- ___________________
LOCATION
-------------pI-----___I ------------------ _______-_-_________
QUANTITY
------------------------ ------------------ ___________________
COMMENTS
---__--.-.------_---
_-----_l--_- i -----------_----- ____ -----.-----------.---.---
~___-- .-..- -..---
1IIVE #
----------------------- ----'------"-a.--"'
DATE
-------------I---------- ----I-I-----------
LOCATION
o-op----------------___p --p-e-uII-p-p--s--
QUANTITY
------pp-pIpI--I-oI-L-- I -----------.-------
--
HIVE #
--------------------------------------------------------------
DATE
------------------------~---------------------------------------
LOCATION
----------------------------------------------------------------
QUANTITY
------------------------~---------------------------------------
COMMENTS
HIVE I
DATE
LOCATION
_-----------------------
QUANTITY
------------------------
COMHENTS
-- -----
---------------I-.--
DATE
------------------------ u---------w------ -------------------
LOCATION
-------------------
QUANTITY
---------M---------
COMMENTS
-A---
----- - ----lo--------- --_-----___-------
----m----------_-mmm------mw-
HIVE t
--------------------__I_
DATE
------------------------ ------.s------------ ------------c---I-..
LOCATION
------------------------ -B-------e---------
QUANTITY
--------------------_^__ ----e-------e------
COMMENTS
---. -- - -----A-----------
IiIvJ3 #
SWANKING
---------------------------------~-----------------------------
HIVE #
------------1----3------------------------ -----a----------....--
DATE
----------------------------------------------------------------
IXXATION
-----------------------~----------------------------------------
SIZE
---YI_----------------------------~-----------------------------
COMMENTS
HIVE #
----------------------- -B---------------m -------------------
DATE
-I--------------------- ---.,.----s.--------- -----w...-------------
LOCATION
----------------------- ------------------- ---------------..----
SIZE
----------------------- ------------------- ---------------I----
COMMENTS
HIVE #
--------------Be--I
DATE
----------------------- w------------------I
LOCATION
-----------------------. -------------------I
SIZE
----------------------- -------------------.
COHHENTS
- -m.------
--.....,,.-m-------x=:
HIVE #
-----_----=-_---------- --------w---a-*---,
DATE
----------------_-_____ -----------1------,
LOCATION
SIZE
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LOCATION
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HIVE #
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DATE
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LOCATION
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SIZE
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HIVE #
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NEW BEE PURCHASES/TRADES
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