Toothmobilityindices
Toothmobilityindices
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Corresponding Author: Dr.Shalakha Maniyar, ijdsir Volume-2 Issue-2, Page No. 630 - 635
Dr.Shalakha Maniyar, et al. International Journal of Dental Science and Innovative Research (IJDSIR)
other populations classified by the same criteria and F. Should define clinical conditions objectively.
2
methods. G. Should be reproducible.
Objectives of an index2 H. Should be amenable to statistical analysis; have
1. To increase understanding of the disease process and validity and reliability.
lead to a method of control and prevention. I. Should relate numerically with the clinical disease.
2. Population can be grouped as low or high risk J. It should not cause discomfort to the patient and
3. To define the specific problem under investigation. should be acceptable to the patient.
Ideal requisites of an index 2 Types of dental indices3
1. Validity: Index should be able to measure accurately 1) Individual assessment: The purpose is to evaluate and
so as it should relate to the clinical stage of disease at monitor the progress and maintenance of oral health.
each point of study. Monitors progress of disease healing, patient
2. Reliability: Index should be reliable and should be education and motivation.
able to measure at different times at different 2) Clinical trial: It determines the effect of an agent or
conditions. It should be reproducible and maintain procedure on prevention, progression, or control of
consistency. disease. It also compares an experimental group with
3. Clarity, simplicity and objectivity: The criteria should control group
be clear and unambiguous, with mutually exclusive 3) Epidemiologic survey: The survey is done for
categories. Ideally, it should be readily memorized by characteristics of disease in population. It is not
an examiner after some practice. designed for individual patient.
4. Quantifiability: The index must be amenable to History
4
statistical analysis so that the status of a group can be Elbrecht in 1939 Measured tooth mobility by fixing a
expressed by a distribution, mean, median or other tripod with large dial indicator in front of patients mouth.
statistical measures. The dial registered bucco-lingual crown movement which
5. Sensitivity: Sensitive enough to measure small shifts. were produced by digital pressure. Movement of head
6. Acceptability: It should not be demanding or painful caused inaccuracy. Only values over 0.75mm would be
to the subject. identified by this method. Werner in 19425 Used an
Criteria for selecting an index 2 "oscillometer" which has a rod with scale attached and
A. It should be simple to use and calculate. held in anterior teeth. When the neighboring or proximal
B. Should allow examination of many people in short tooth is moved labio-lingually with a force of 700 grams,
period of time. the resultant difference of tooth position could be read on
C. Require minimum armamentarium and expenditure. the scale. Differences of tooth position smaller than 0.2 5
D. The components should be clear and readily mm could not be evaluated. Manly et al in 19516 however
understandable so as to promote maximum intra and with still higher and variable frequencies. Their reported
inter examiner reproducibility and standardization. preliminary clinical results were inconsistent. Zwirner in
19497 studied axial tooth mobility on separated rat jaws
631
The probable cause for the lack of reports on human TM Mobility Index by Ramfjord:11
is the technical difficulties which have been encountered. Ramfjord in 1967 developed this index. (Table:2)
Cross in 19518 demonstrated tooth mobility measuring
Code Criteria
device about which no details have been published to our
knowledge. Jung's in experiments were concerned with M0 Physiologic mobility; firm tooth
measurements more of the elastic deformation of the
M1 Slightly increase mobility
mandible during mastication than of TM of individual
teeth. Muhlemann9 (1951) used intra-orally attached dial M2 Definite to considerable increase
in mobility but no impairment of
indicators to determine the degree of crown excursions
function.
that were produced by known static forces which was
called periodontometry. Certain indices were developed to M3 Extreme mobility; a loose tooth
that cannot be used for normal
evaluate the tooth mobility to overcome the problems with
function.
devices. However, a degree of subjectivity could be
observed when evaluating tooth mobility. Mobility Index by Laster:12
Measurement using Index This index was given in 1975. Mobility is assessed by the
Mobility is simply graded by holding the tooth between application of lateral horizontal forces. (Table:3)
the two metallic instruments or one finger and one Code Criteria
metallic instrument and effort is made to move the tooth in
0 Normal.
all directions.
Then mobility is graded according to any one of the 1 Movement greater than normal.
2 The crown of the tooth moves up to 1mm 1 Tooth mobility is perceptible, but less
in any direction. than 1mm buccolingually.
3 Movement more than 1mm in any
2 Mobility is between 1 and 2mm
direction or the teeth can be depressed or
632
Nyman
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Grant, Stern, and Everett:16 (Table:11) diseases, to find out the incidence, prevalence and severity
Degree Interpretation of the diseases.
1975, 46(10):603-7
13. Prichard, J. F.: Advanced Periodontal
Disease/Surgical and Prosthetic Management, 2nd ed.,
Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1972
14. Mittal. S, Kataria. P, Arya.V, Arya. L. Tooth
mobility: A review. Heal talk 2012;5(2):40-2.
15. Glickman, I. Clinical Periodontology, 4th ed.,
Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders, 1972.
16. Grant DA, Stern, I. B., and Everett, F. G. Orban's
Periodontics A Concept, Theory and Practice. 4th ed.,
St. Louis, C. V. Mosby Co., 1972
17. Lovdal. A., Schei.O, Waerhaug, J., and Arno. A.
Tooth mobility and alveolar bone resorption as a
function of occlusal stress and oral hygiene. Acta
Odontol Scand 1959:17;61
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