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    17 views16 pages

    The Fundamental Unit of Life

    Uploaded by

    Sriram R

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 16

    CLASS 9

    CHAPTER 5- FUNDAMENTAL
    UNIT OF LIFE
    PLASMA MEMBRANE
     This is the outermost covering of the cell that
    separates the contents of the cell from its
    external environment.
     The plasma membrane allows or permits the
    entry and exit of some materials in and out of the
    cell.
     It also prevents movement of some other
    materials.
     The cell membrane, therefore, is called a
    selectively permeable membrane.
    CELL WALL
     Plant cells, in addition to the plasma membrane,
    have another rigid outer covering called the cell
    wall.
     The cell wall lies outside the plasma membrane.

     The plant cell wall is mainly composed of


    cellulose.
     Cellulose is a complex substance and provides
    structural strength to plants.
    NUCLEUS
     The nucleus has a double layered covering called
    nuclear membrane.
     The nucleus contains chromosomes, which are
    visible as rod-shaped structures only when the
    cell is about to divide.
     Chromosomes contain information for
    inheritance of features from parents to next
    generation in the form of DNA (Deoxyribo
    Nucleic Acid) molecules.
     Chromosomes are composed of DNA and protein.
    ANIMAL CELL
    ANIMAL CELL
    Types of organisms

    On the basis of
    presence/absence
    of nuclear
    membrane

    Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
    CYTOPLASM
    It also contains many specialised cell organelles.
     Each of these organelles performs a specific
    function for the cell.
    ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
     The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large
    network of membrane-bound tubes and sheets.
     There are two types of ER– rough endoplasmic
    reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic
    reticulum (SER).
     The SER helps in the manufacture of fat
    molecules, or lipids, important for cell function.
     Some of these proteins and lipids help in building
    the cell membrane. This process is known as
    membrane biogenesis.
    GOLGI BODY
     The Golgi apparatus, first described by Camillo
    Golgi, consists of a system of membrane-bound
    vesicles arranged approximately parallel to each
    other in stacks called cisterns.
     Its functions include the storage, modification
    and packaging of products in vesicles. In some
    cases, complex sugars may be made from simple
    sugars in the Golgi apparatus.
     The Golgi apparatus is also involved in the
    formation of lysosomes
    LYSOSOMES
    Lysosomes are a kind of waste disposal system of
    the cell.
     Lysosomes help to keep the cell clean by
    digesting any foreign material as well as worn-
    out cell organelles
    MITOCHONDRIA
     Mitochondria are known as the power housesof the
    cell.
     The energy required for various chemical activities
    needed for life is released by mitochondria in the form
    of ATP (Adenosine triphopshate) molecules.
     ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell. The
    body uses energy stored in ATP for making new
    chemical compounds and for mechanical work.
     Mitochondria have two membrane coverings instead
    of just one.
     The outer membrane is very porous while the inner
    membrane is deeply folded. These folds create a large
    surface area for ATP-generating chemical reactions.
    PLASTID
     Plastids are present only in plant cells.
     There are two types of plastids – chromoplasts
    (coloured plastids) and leucoplasts (white or
    colourless plastids).
     Plastids containing the pigment chlorophyll are
    known as chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are
    important for photosynthesis in plants.
    VACUOLE
     Vacuoles are storage sacs for solid or liquid
    contents.
     Vacuoles are small sized in animal cells while
    plant cells have very large vacuoles.
     The central vacuole of some plant cells may
    occupy 50-90% of the cell volume.
    THANK YOU

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