MS9111a - Self-Test Answers
MS9111a - Self-Test Answers
MS9111a - Self-Test Answers
PROBLEMS
1. What is the yield to maturity on Fox Inc.'s bonds if its after-tax cost of debt is 9% and its tax rate is
34%?
A. 5.94% C. 13.64%
B. 9% D. 26.47%
2. Maylar Corporation has sold P50 million of P1,000 par value, 12% coupon bonds. The bonds were sold
at a discount and the corporation received P985 per bond. If the corporate tax rate is 40%, the after-
tax cost of these bonds for the first year (rounded to the nearest hundredth percent) is
A. 4.87%. C. 7.31%.
B. 7.09%. D. 12.00%.
3. The MNO Company believes that it can sell long-term bonds with a 6% coupon but at a price that
gives a yield-to-maturity of 9%. If such bonds are part of next year’s financing plans, which of the
following should be used for bonds in their after-tax (40%) cost-of-capital calculation?
A. 3.6% C. 5.4%
B. 4.2% D. 6%
4. Doris Corporation's stock has a market price of P20.00 and pays a constant dividend of P2.50. What is
the required rate of return on its stock?
A. 11.5% C. 12.5%
B. 12.0% D. 13.0%
5. Allison Engines Corporation has established a target capital structure of 40 percent debt and 60
percent common equity. The current market price of the firm’s stock is P0 = P28; its last dividend was
D0 = P2.20, and its expected dividend growth rate is 6 percent. What will Allison’s marginal cost of
retained earnings, ks, be?
A. 7.9% C. 14.3%
B. 13.9% D. 15.8%
6. The ABC Company is expected to have a constant annual growth rate of 5 percent. It has a price per
share of P32 and pays an expected dividend of P2.40. Its competitor, the DEF Company is expected
to have a growth rate of 10%, has a price per share of P72, and pays an expected P4.80/share
dividend. The required rates of return on equity for the two companies are:
A. B. C. D.
ABC 9.6% 12.5% 13.8% 16.2%
DEF 8.6% 16.7% 15.4% 18.2%
7. What return on equity do investors seem to expect for a firm with a P50 share price, an expected
dividend of P5.50, a beta of .9, and a constant growth rate of 4.5%?
A. 15.05% C. 15.95%
B. 15.50% D. 16.72%
8. Frostfell Airlines is expected to pay an upcoming dividend of P3.29. The company's dividend is
expected to grow at a steady, constant rate of 5% well into the future. Frostfell currently has
1,600,000 shares of common stock outstanding. If the required rate of return for Frostfell is 12%,
what is the best estimate for the current price of Frostfell's common stock?
A. P27.41 C. P62.51
B. P47.00 D. P65.80
9. Newmass, Inc. paid a cash dividend to its common shareholders over the past 12 months of P2.20
per share. The current market value of the common stock is P40 per share, and investors are
anticipating the common dividend to grow at a rate of 6% annually. The cost to issue new common
stock will be 5% of the market value. The cost of a new common stock issue will be
A. 11.50% C. 11.83%
B. 11.79% D. 12.14%
10. Blair Brothers’ stock currently has a price of P50 per share and is expected to pay a year-end dividend
of P2.50 per share (D1 = P2.50). The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 4 percent per
year. The company has insufficient retained earnings to fund capital projects and must, therefore,
issue new common stock. The new stock has an estimated flotation cost of P3 per share. What is the
company’s cost of equity capital?
A. 9.21% C. 9.45%
B. 9.32% D. 10.14%
11. The DCL Corporation is preparing to evaluate the capital expenditure proposals for the coming year.
Because the firm employs discounted cash flow methods of analyses, the cost of capital for the firm
must be estimated. The following information for DCL Corporation is provided.
• Market price of common stock is P50 per share.
• The dividend next year is expected to be P2.50 per share.
• Expected growth in dividends is a constant 10%.
• New bonds can be issued at face value with a 13% coupon rate.
• The current capital structure of 40% long-term debt and 60% equity is considered to be
optimal.
• Anticipated earnings to be retained in the coming year are P3 million.
• The firm has a 40% marginal tax rate.
If the firm must assume a 10% flotation cost on new stock issuances, what is the cost of new
common stock?
A. 14.50%. C. 15.50%.
B. 15.32%. D. 15.56%.
12. Fitzgerald is interested in investing in a corporation with a low cost of equity capital. By using the
dividend growth model, which of the following corporations has the lowest cost of equity capital?
Stock Price Dividend Growth Rate
C.S. Inc. P25 P5 8%
Lewis Corp. 30 3 10%
Screwtape Inc. 20 4 6%
Wormwood Corp. 28 7 7%
A. C.S. Inc. C. Screwtape Inc.
B. Lewis Corp. D. Wormwood Corp.
13. Based on the following information about stock price increases and decreases, make an estimate of
the stock's beta: Month 1 = Stock +1.5%, Market +1.1%; Month 2 = Stock +2.0%, Market +1.4%;
Month 3 = Stock -2.5%, Market -2.0%.
A. Beta equals 1.0
B. Beta is less than 1.0.
C. Beta is greater than 1.0.
D. There is no consistent pattern of returns.
14. The common stock of Anthony Steel has a beta of 1.20. The risk-free rate is 5 percent and the market
risk premium (kM - kRF) is 6 percent. Assume the firm will be able to use retained earnings to fund
the equity portion of its capital budget. What is the company’s cost of retained earnings, ks?
A. 7.0% C. 11.0%
B. 7.2% D. 12.2%
15. Colt, Inc. is planning to use retained earnings to finance anticipated capital expenditures. The beta
coefficient for Colt's stock is 1.15, the risk-free rate of interest is 8.5%, and the market return is
estimated at 12.4%. If a new issue of common stock were used in this model, the flotation costs
would be 7%. By using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) equation [R = RF + ß(RM - RF)], the
cost of using retained earnings to finance the capital expenditures is
A. 12.40% C. 13.21%
B. 12.99% D. 14.26%
16. Stock J has a beta of 1.2 and an expected return of 15.6%, and stock K has a beta of 0.8 and an
expected return of 12.4%. What must be the expected return on the market and the risk-free rate of
return, to be consistent with the capital asset pricing model?
A. Market is 12.4%; risk-free is 0%. C. Market is 14%; risk-free is 4%.
B. Market is 14%; risk-free is 1.6%. D. Market is 14%; risk-free is 6%.
17. If the return on the market portfolio is 10% and the risk-free rate is 5%, what is the effect on a
company's required rate of return on its stock of an increase in the beta coefficient from 1.2 to 1.5?
A. No change C. 1.5% increase
B. 1.5% decrease D. 3% increase
18. An investor was expecting a 15% return on his portfolio with beta of 1.25 before the market risk
premium increased from 6% to 9%. Based on this change, what return will now be expected on the
portfolio?
A. 15.00% C. 18.75%
B. 18.00% D. 22.50%
19. What happens to expected portfolio return if the portfolio beta increases from 1.0 to 2.0, the risk-free
rate decreases from 5% to 4%, and the market risk premium remains at 8%?
A. It remains unchanged. C. It increases from 13% to 20%.
B. It increases from 12% to 19%. D. It increases from 13% to 16%.
20. The expected returns, standard deviations, and beta coefficients of four stocks are given below:
Expected Return Standard Deviation Beta Coefficient
M 18% .65 .9
N 20% .9 1.2
O 20% .4 1.5
Q 21% 1.2 1.7
Given an expected return on the market portfolio of 18% and a risk-free rate of 12%, which stock(s)
is(are) overvalued or undervalued?
A. 8% C. 15%
B. 12% D. 26.4%
28. Bradshaw Steel has a capital structure with 30 percent debt (all long-term bonds) and 70 percent
common equity. The yield to maturity on the company’s long-term bonds is 8 percent, and the firm
estimates that its overall composite WACC is 10 percent. The risk-free rate of interest is 5.5 percent,
the market risk premium is 5 percent, and the company’s tax rate is 40 percent. Bradshaw uses the
CAPM to determine its cost of equity. What is the beta on Bradshaw’s stock?
A. 0.10 C. 1.35
B. 1.07 D. 1.48
29. Heavy Metal Corp. is a steel manufacturer that finances its operations with 40 percent debt, 10
percent preferred stock, and 50 percent equity. The interest rate on the company’s debt is 11 percent.
The preferred stock pays an annual dividend of P2 and sells for P20 a share. The company’s common
stock trades at P30 a share, and its current dividend (D0) of P2 a share is expected to grow at a
constant rate of 8 percent per year. The flotation cost of external equity is 15 percent of the dollar
amount issued, while the flotation cost on preferred stock is 10 percent. The company estimates that
its WACC is 12.30 percent. Assume that the firm will not have enough retained earnings to fund the
equity portion of its capital budget. What is the company’s tax rate?
A. 30.33% C. 35.75%
B. 32.87% D. 38.12%
30. Datacomp Industries, which has no current debt, has a beta of .95 for its common stock.
Management is considering a change in the capital structure to 30% debt and 70% equity. This
change would increase the beta on the stock to 1.05, and the after-tax cost of debt will be 7.5%. The
expected return on equity is 16%, and the risk-free rate is 6%. Should Datacomp's management
proceed with the capital structure change?
A. No, because the cost of equity capital will increase.
B. Yes, because the cost of equity capital will decrease.
C. No, because the weighted-average cost of capital will increase.
D. Yes, because the weighted-average cost of capital will decrease.
31. Gravy Company expects earnings of P30 million next year. Its dividend payout ratio is 40%, and its
debt/equity ratio is 1.50. Gravy uses no preferred stock.
At what amount of financing will there be a break point in Gravy’s marginal cost of capital?
A. P18 million. C. P30 million.
B. P20 million. D. P45 million.
32. A company has P650,000 of 10% debt outstanding and P500,000 of equity financing. The required
return of the equity holders is 15%, and there are no retained earnings currently available for
investment purposes. If new outside equity is raised, it will cost the firm 16%. New debt would have a
before-tax cost of 9%, and the corporate tax rate is 50%. When calculating the marginal cost of
capital, the company should assign a cost of <List A> to equity capital and <List B> to the after-tax
cost of debt financing.
A. B. C. D.
List A 15% 15% 16% 16%
List B 4.5% 5.0% 4.5% 5.0%
33. In its first year of operations, a firm had P50,000 of fixed operating costs. It sold 10,000 units at a
P10 unit price and incurred variable costs of P4 per unit. If all prices and costs will be the same in the
second year and sales are projected to rise to 25,000 units, what will the degree of operating
leverage (the extent to which fixed costs are used in the firm’s operations) be in the second year?
A. 1.25 C. 2.0
B. 1.50 D. 6.0
34. For a firm with a degree of operating leverage of 3.5, an increase in sales of 6% will
A. Decrease pre-tax profits by 3.5%. C. Increase pre-tax profits by 3.5%.
B. Increase pre-tax profits by 1.71%. D. Increase pre-tax profits by 21%.
35. This year, Nelson Industries increased earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) by 17%. During the
same period, net income after tax increased by 42%. The degree of financial leverage that existed
during the year is
A. 1.70. C. 4.20.
B. 2.47. D. 5.90.
36. A company has unit sales of 300,000, the unit variable cost is P1.50, the unit sales price is P2.00, and
the annual fixed costs are P50,000. Furthermore, the annual interest expense is P20,000, and the
company has no preferred stock. Accordingly, the degree of total leverage is
A. 1.20 C. 1.50
B. 1.25 D. 1.875