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Physical Activity Readiness

Questionnaire PAR-Q

Questios YES NO

1. Has your doctor ever said that you have a heart condition and that you should only do physical
activity recommended by a doctor?

2. Do you feel pain in your chest when you do physical activity?

3. In the past month, have you had chest pain when you were not doing physical activity?

4. Do you lose your balance because of dizziness or do you ever lose consciousness?

5. Do you have a bone or joint problem that could be made worse by a change in your physical
activity?

6. Is your doctor currently prescribing drugs (for example, water pills) for your blood pressure or heart
condition?

7. Do you know of any other reason why you should not do physical activity?

 If You Answered Yes

If you answered yes to one or more questions, are older than age 40 and have been inactive or are concerned about
your health, consult a physician before taking a fitness test or substantially increasing your physical activity. You
should ask for a medical clearance along with information about specific exercise limitations you may have.
In most cases, you will still be able to do any type of activity you want as long as you adhere to some
guidelines.

 If You Answered No
If you answered no to all the PAR-Q questions, you can be reasonably sure that you can exercise safely and have a
low risk of having any medical complications from exercise. It is still important to start slowing and increase
gradually. It may also be helpful to have a fitness assessment with a personal trainer or coach in order to determine
where to begin.

Summary:
 Measures taken to reduce the spread of COVID-19 are causing changes in everyday schedules are disrupting
workout routines for many Americans.
 Exercise is especially important now because it can reduce stress, prevent weight gain, boost the immune system,
and improve sleep.

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COURSE GUIDE
Course / Section PE 206 PATHFIT 2 - BASKETBALL Credit Units 2
Term Offered Second Semester 2023 – 2024 Total Hours 36
Instructor ARMEL C. LOON
Pre-Requisite/s None
Co-Requisite/s None
Course Description
This course will provide physical activities for the purpose of optimizing health and fitness. Students will
choose from a menu of course offering in Dance, Sports and Leisure Activities. The purpose of this course is
to develop the physical skills necessary to be competent in many forms of movement. Knowledge of team
sports concepts such as offensive and defensive strategies and tactics and appropriate social behaviors
within a team or group setting and handle people in a great teaching environment that can at times
become volatile. The students will also learn about the career opportunities in becoming sports officials as
well as how to prepare for the state to become a registered official. The integration of fitness concepts
throughout the content is critical to success of this course.
Course Learning Outcome
CO1: Grasp the theoretical concept of the sport Basketball
CO2: Execute the basic skills of Basketball
CO3: Develop desirable traits such as good sportsmanship, cooperation, honesty and camaraderie.
CO4: Promote and improve physical fitness
Topics / Modules and Intended Learning Outcomes

Topic 1 (Week 1): Course Introduction

ILO1: Awareness on the requirements of the course.

ILO2: Value the importance of physical fitness and Physical Education as a course.

Topic 2 (Week 2-3): Introduction to the sport of Basketball

ILO1: Review the history, the development of Basketball and appreciate its function as an activity that
serves as a catalyst for fitness improvement.
ILO2: Recognize the equipment and facilities of the sport.
ILO3: Define basic concepts and the terminologies related to Basketball.
ILO4: Appreciate the benefits and values of Basketball.

Topic 3 (Week 4 ): Basic Positions, rules, Common violations and Fouls in Basketball
ILO1: Identify the different positions in Basketball.
ILO2: Understand the basic rules, violations and fouls of the sport.
ILO3: Differentiate the different defensive positions in Basketball.

(Week 5): PRELIM EXAMINATION (ONLINE)

Topic 4 (Week 6-7): Passing Skills

ILO1: Identify the different types of passing skill in Basketball.
ILO2: Demonstrate each type of passing skill in Basketball.
ILO3: Perform the proper executions of each type of passing skill.

Topic 5 (Week 8-9): Dribbling Skills

ILO1: Identify the different types of dribbling skills in Basketball.
ILO2: Demonstrate each type of dribbling skills in Basketball.
ILO3: Perform the proper executions of each type of dribbling skill.

WEEK 10: MIDTERM EXAMINATION (ONLINE)

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Topic 7 (Week 10-11): Shooting Skills

ILO1: Identify the different types of shooting skills in Basketball.
ILO2: Demonstrate each type of shooting skills in Basketball.
ILO3: Perform the proper executions of each type of shooting skills (Except Dunk) of Basketball.

WEEK 12 : PRE-FINAL EXAMINATION (ONLINE)

Topic 8 (Week 13-15) : INDIVIDUAL SKILLS ASSESSMENTS (SCRIMMAGE)

ILO1: Demonstrate the different tests for passing, dribbling skills and shooting in a form of a game.
ILO2: Perform the skills challenge for both passing, dribbling, and shooting in a form of a game.

Topic 9 (Week 16-17): Shooting Challenge Skills Tests.

ILO1: Demonstrate the different tests for shooting skills challenge.
ILO2: Perform the skills challenge test for shooting.

TOPIC 10 (WEEK 18): CULMINATING ACTIVITY

ILO1: Demonstrate the different values like sportsmanship, camaraderie, team leader and
cooperation in a form of a mini-tournament.

MADE4Learners FRAMEWORK
Approach Distance x Distance x Online Online Blended
Blended
Technical  Basic requirement is Smartphone that capable of text, call, email,
Requirement messenger and Facebook, video recording/playing and a PDF reader.
 A weekly internet load is necessary weekly for online quizzes and exams.
 E-Handout (Module)

Communication
Means  Gmail
 MS teams

Reminders
 There are nine (10) topics and 11 (Practical activities) that must be
completed for the Second Semester, and 18 weeks which are found in the
Module and Moodle (main materials of the course).
 The MOODLE must be downloaded at the start of the class in order for the
students will be guided in doing their written and practical activities.
 Written activities that must be answered are found in the MOODLE account
while practical activities are both found in Moodle and on Module.
 Midterm Exam will take place on ____________________ via Moodle or
MS teams.
 Final Exam schedule will take place from ______________________.
 Each student must have their own Moodle, MS teams and Gmail accounts
respectively.
 Announcement and reminders will be posted on MS Teams.

 Proper attire is a must. (Wear your shoes all the time during PE Class
Schedule, wear short or jogging pants, wear t-shirt or sleeveless shirt, or
basketball jersey but NO SANDO allowed.
 Or wear our CIT-Univ. PE uniform.

PLAN OF LEARNING
Week Topic Teaching/Learning Output/Formative Assessment Assessment
No. Activities Tool
1 1 Course Introduction / Reflection paper
Orientation
 History and Development of
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Basketball Teacher-made
2-4 2 Written Quiz  Main equipment of Basketball and Standard
 Terminologies of Basketball Test

 Basic positions in Basketball

 Basic rules, violations and fouls Teacher-made
5 3 PRELIM EXAM in Basketball and Standard
 Basic defensive positions in Test
Basketball

Standard
6-11 4 Fundamental Skills in  PRACTICAL EXAMS (ON SITE) Rubric
Basketball
Teacher-made
Questionnaires
12 5 MIDTERM EXAM ONLINE EXAMINATION (Moodle/Lair)
Standard
Rubric

13-14 6 Dribbling Skills  PRACTICAL EXAMS (ON SITE) Standard

Rubric

15-16 7 Shooting Skills  PRACTICAL EXAMS (ON SITE) Standard

Rubric

17 8 Individual skills challenge  PRACTICAL EXAMS (ON SITE) Standard

(scrimmage) Rubric

18 9 Culminating Activity (Mini-  PRACTICAL EXAMS (ON SITE) Standard

tournament) Rubric

GRADING SYSTEM:

 MIDTERM GRADE:
Formative Assessment (All activities that are written and practical) - 70%
Summative Assessment (Midterm Examination) - 30%

 FINAL GRADE:
Midterm Grade - 40%
Formative Assessment (All written and practical activities) - 40%
Final Examination - 20%

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CEBU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY – UNIVERSITY

College of Arts Sciences and Education
Physical Education Department

COURSE LOCATOR

Course PATHFIT – 2 BASKETBALL Section

Instructor ARMEL C. LOON College/Department

Instructor’s Contact Profile and Class Details

Facebook account Armel C. Loon
https://www.facebook.com/armel.loon

Gmail account [email protected]

MS account [email protected]

Mobile Phone # 09279660824

Facebook group
x Moodle Edmodo
Learning Management Google Classroom
System
LMS Class Moodle (lair.cit.edu)
Messenger Group Chat

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BASKETBALL

Basketball – A Brief History

Basketball is a much-loved sport all across the world. It is popular because it can be played as a competitive sport or a
casual game on the local court. It is also a great way to work out as it involves using your entire body. It is a fast-paced
game that involves a good deal of jumping and running which is a fantastic way to exercise. If you want a sport that helps
you stay fit and healthy, basketball is the perfect choice as it comes with more than a few health benefits.

The Birthplace of Basketball

Basketball is built into the fabric of Springfield College. The game was invented by Springfield College instructor and
graduate student James Naismith in 1891, and has grown into the worldwide athletic phenomenon we know it to be today.

Springfield College students continue to be innovators and leaders in their fields. Learn how you can join the prestigious
alumni network by exploring our academic programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels, offered both in-person and
online.

James Naismith, the person who Invented Basketball

The instructor of this class was James Naismith, a 31-year-old graduate student. After graduating from Presbyterian
College in Montreal with a theology degree, Naismith embraced his love of athletics and headed to Springfield to study
physical education—at that time, a relatively new and unknown academic discipline—under Luther Halsey Gulick,
superintendent of physical education at the College and today renowned as the father of physical education and recreation
in the United States.

As Naismith, a second-year graduate student who had been named to the teaching faculty, looked at his class, his mind
flashed to the summer session of 1891, when Gulick introduced a new course in the psychology of play. In class
discussions, Gulick had stressed the need for a new indoor game, one “that would be interesting, easy to learn, and easy to
play in the winter and by artificial light.” No one in the class had followed up on Gulick’s challenge to invent such a
game. But now, faced with the end of the fall sports season and students dreading the mandatory and dull required
gymnasium work, Naismith had a new motivation.

Naismith then drew up the 13 original rules, which described, among other facets, the method of moving the ball and what
constituted a foul. A referee was appointed. The game would be divided into two, 15-minute halves with a five-minute
resting period in between. Naismith’s secretary typed up the rules and tacked them on the bulletin board. A short time
later, the gym class met, and the teams were chosen with three centers, three forwards, and three guards per side. Two of
the centers met at mid-court, Naismith tossed the ball, and the game of “basket ball” was born.

The Year Basketball was invented

Word of the new game spread like wildfire. It was an instant success. A few weeks after the game was invented, students
introduced the game at their own YMCAs. The rules were printed in a College magazine, which was mailed to YMCAs
around the country. Because of the College’s well-represented international student body, the game of basketball was
introduced to many foreign nations in a relatively short period of time. High schools and colleges began to introduce the
new game, and by 1905, basketball was officially recognized as a permanent winter sport.

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The rules have been tinkered with, but by-and-large, the game of “basket ball” has not changed drastically since
Naismith’s original list of “Thirteen Rules” was tacked up on a bulletin board at Springfield College.

Following are the health benefits of basketball

1. Promotes Cardiovascular Health

Basketball is great for your heart health! Because you keep moving, your heart rate increases. It also helps in building
endurance, which is important when you want to make sure that your heart is healthy. It will help lower the risk of stroke
and heart disease later in your life.

2. Burns Calories
Do you want to shed a few extra kilos? Play basketball! All the quick lateral movements, running and jumping, gives you
an aerobic workout that in turn can help you burn a lot of calories. For every hour of basketball, a person who weighs 165
pounds can expect to burn about 600 calories while a person who weighs 250 pounds can expect to burn approximately
900 calories.

3. Builds Bone Strength

The physical demands of this awesome sport help in improving and building bone strength. Any physical activity that
involves weight-bearing allows the formation of new bone tissue, and this in turn makes the bones stronger. Both the
muscles and bones in your body become stronger with basketball as it is a physical activity that involves the tugging and
pushing of muscles against bone.

4. Boosts the Immune System

When you play basketball or any other sport, it helps in reducing stress. When stress is decreased, you will have more
energy and focus to complete tasks. It also makes you more social, which in turns helps in preventing depression. When
stress is lowered, your immune system gets a boost as well.

5. Provides Strength Training

By playing basketball, you get an excellent full-body workout. This helps in the development of lean muscle. It can help
develop your lower back, neck, deltoids, traps and core muscles. It also makes your legs stronger, and the movements like
shooting and dribbling help strengthen your arms, hand muscles and wrist flexors.

6. Boosts Mental Development

Basketball may be a fast-paced game that requires a lot of physical skills, but it is also a mind game that requires you to
think on your toes. It requires you to have a lot of focus so that you can accurately and quickly process the action on the
court and make decisions that are effective with the ball. It also requires you to train yourself so that you can observe your
opponents and teammates constantly and make quick decisions based on their actions.

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7. Develops Better Coordination and Motor Skills

Basketball requires excellent hand-eye coordination as well as full-body coordination. When you play this sport, it gives
you the training to help develop these skills. Dribbling gives you training for hand-eye coordination while rebounding
shots that are missed gives you the training to develop full-body coordination.

8. Develops Self-Discipline and Concentration

As with other sports, there are rules that need to be followed when you play basketball. When you break these rules, it can
lead to penalties for you as well as your team. It helps you develop self-discipline that is important as it encourages you to
be more competitive and fair at the same time. It also keeps your mind focused and alert.

9. Improves Awareness of Space and Body

Basketball is a game that requires spatial awareness. You need to know where you are positioned to make that perfect shot
or play defense effectively. When you have an awareness of the space and body, you will know exactly where you need to
be when your teammate or opponent makes a shot or passes the ball. When your spatial awareness is improved, it also
helps in keeping you in balance.

10. Boosts Confidence

One of the best benefits of playing basketball is that it truly boosts one’s confidence. Being a good player and being a
member of a great team can do wonders to increase your self-esteem and help you gain more confidence. When your
confidence is boosted, your faith in your skills is also increased. Being confident allows you to face life with an improved
disposition and has a positive effect on every aspect of your life.

The fast-paced action involved in basketball makes it one of the most exciting games to play and watch in the world. The
fact that it provides numerous benefits is an excellent bonus. It is no wonder that the President of the US has made it a part
of his regular workout regimen to keep himself physically and mentally fit. It is a great game for both adults and children.
If you are looking to play a sport that gives you multiple benefits, both physically and mentally, this is the one for you.

History of FIBA
The International Basketball Federation, more commonly known by the French acronym FIBA (Fédération Internationale
de Basketball), is an association of national organisations which governs international competition in basketball. The
association was founded in Geneva on 18 June 1932, two years after the sport was officially recognised by the
International Olympic Committee (IOC). Its original name was Fédération Internationale de Basketball Amateur.

Eight nations were founding members: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and
Switzerland. At the 1936 Summer Olympic Games in Berlin, FIBA named James Naismith (1861-1939), the founder of
basketball, as its Honorary President. FIBA has organized the FIBA Basketball World Cup since 1950 and the FIBA
Women's Basketball World Cup since 1953. Both events are now held every four years, alternating with the Olympics.

In 1989 FIBA opened the door to Olympic participation by professionals such as players from the NBA in the United
States. At this point, the Fédération Internationale de Basketball Amateur became the Fédération Internationale de
Basketball, but retained FIBA as its abbreviation.

The Federation's headquarters moved to Munich in 1956 and returned to Geneva in 2002.

History of NBA (National Basketball Association)

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National Basketball Association (NBA), professional basketball league formed in the United States in 1949 by the merger
of two rival organizations, the National Basketball League (founded 1937) and the Basketball Association of America
(founded 1946). In 1976 the NBA absorbed four teams from the American Basketball Association (ABA), which
disbanded that year.

By the early 1980s the NBA was plagued by money-losing franchises, low attendance, declining television ratings, and
limited national appeal. The league soon rebounded under the leadership of David Stern, NBA commissioner from 1984,
who helped transform it into an international entertainment company. Aggressive marketing highlighted star players such
as Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, and, especially, Michael Jordan. Other innovations included league limits on player
salaries, lucrative broadcast rights for network and cable television, and expanded All-Star Game festivities.

The NBA membership was divided into two conferences, each with three divisions. There were 30 teams, aligned as
follows:

Eastern Conference

Atlantic Division: Boston Celtics, Brooklyn Nets, New York Knicks, Philadelphia 76ers, Toronto Raptors
Central Division: Chicago Bulls, Cleveland Cavaliers, Detroit Pistons, Indiana Pacers, Milwaukee Bucks
Southeast Division: Atlanta Hawks, Charlotte Hornets, Miami Heat, Orlando Magic, Washington Wizards

Western Conference

Southwest Division: Dallas Mavericks, Houston Rockets, Memphis Grizzlies, New Orleans Pelicans, San Antonio Spurs
Northwest Division: Denver Nuggets, Minnesota Timberwolves, Oklahoma City Thunder, Portland Trail Blazers, Utah
Jazz
Pacific Division: Golden State Warriors, Los Angeles Clippers, Los Angeles Lakers, Phoenix Suns, Sacramento Kings

The top-ranking teams at the end of each season engage in a play-off to determine the NBA champion, which claims the
title of world champion. Probably the most outstanding team in NBA history was the Boston Celtics, which, led by center
Bill Russell, won 11 of 13 titles from 1956–57 to 1968–69. Other dominant clubs were the Minneapolis (later Los
Angeles) Lakers in the 1950s, the Los Angeles Lakers in the ’80s, and the Chicago Bulls in the ’90s.

NBA Trivia
Shortest player in the history of NBA

Muggsy Bogues
Height: 5 feet, 3 inches

Muggsy Bogues is the shortest player to ever play on the NBA. At 5 feet, 3 inches, he had a long career (from 1987 to
2001) playing for the Washington Bullets, Golden State Warriors, Philadelphia 76ers and Miami Heat, earning an average
of 7.7 points per game. He notably played against Bol during the 1987-88 season. There’s a difference of more than two
feet between the players!

Tallest players in the history of NBA

Gheorghe Mureșan
Height: 7 feet, 7 inches

Gheorghe Mureșan is 7 feet, 7 inches tall, meaning that he ties with Manute Bol for the tallest player in NBA history.
However, Mureșan appears to be slightly taller than Bol — Bol was measured at 7 feet, 6 3/4 inches when his height was
recorded by the Guinness Book of World Records. In the early ’90s, the Romanian-born Mureșan scored an average of
9.8 points per game and blocked 455 shots during his NBA career, which only lasted five years.

Manute Bol
Height: 7 feet, 7 inches

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Manute Bol, who died in 2010, was legendary for his height. Standing at 7 feet, 7 inches tall, Bol was known for his
incredible blocking ability, as well as for the fact that he blocked more shots than he ever scored during his time in the
NBA.

And because Bol — who played for the Washington Bullets, Golden State Warriors, Philadelphia 76ers and Miami Heat
— was recruited to play in America from Sudan and didn’t know how old he was, his former college coach believes it’s
possible Bol was in his late 40s or even his early 50s when he was playing in the NBA.

First true Blooded Asian to play in the history of NBA

Wataru "Wat" Misaka (December 21, 1923 – November 20, 2019) Was an American professional basketball player. A
5-foot-7-inch (1.70 m) point guard of Japanese descent, he broke the color barrier in professional basketball by being the
first non-white player and the first player of Asian descent to play in the National Basketball Association (NBA), known
then as the Basketball Association of America (BAA).

Misaka played college basketball for the Utah Utes and led the team to win the 1944 NCAA and 1947 NIT
championships. He took a two-year hiatus between these titles to serve in the United States Army in the American
occupation of Japan. Misaka subsequently played three games for the New York Knicks during the 1947–48 season.

Most MVP’s Awards in NBA

 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar won the award a record six times. He is also the only player to win the award despite his
team not making the playoffs back in the 1975–76 season.
 Bill Russell and Michael Jordan won the award five times,
 Wilt Chamberlain and LeBron James won the award four times. Russell and James are the only players to have
won the award four times in five seasons.
 Moses Malone, Larry Bird and Magic Johnson each won the award three times, while Bob Pettit, Karl
Malone, Tim Duncan, Steve Nash, Stephen Curry
 Giannis Antetokounmpo has each won it twice.
 Russell, Chamberlain, and Bird are the only three players to win the award three consecutive years in a row.
Bill Russell and Dave Cowens are the only two players to win the award and not be named to First-Team All
NBA.

Most Championship Rings in NBA History

 Bill Russel, 11 Championship Rings (Boston Celtics)

Most Scored Points in a single game

 Wilt Chamberlain, Chamberlain holds the single-game scoring record, having scored 100 points in a game in
1962.

History of PBA (Philippine Basketball Association)

The Philippine Basketball Association (PBA), is a men's professional basketball league in the Philippines composed of
twelve company-branded franchised teams. It is the first and oldest professional basketball league in Asia and the second
oldest in the world after the NBA. The league's regulations are a hybrid of rules from the NBA and FIBA.

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The league played its first game at the Araneta Coliseum in Quezon City on April 9, 1975. Their main offices are located
along Eulogio Rodriguez Jr. Avenue (C-5 road), Eastwood City, Libis, Quezon City. The league is currently headed by
commissioner Willie Marcial.

Alaska Aces / Barangay Ginebra San Miguel / Blackwater Bossing / Magnolia Hotshots? NLEX Road Warriors /
Meralco Bolts / Northport Batang Pier / Phoenix Super LPG Master / Rain or Shine Elasto Painters / San Miguel Beermen
/ Terrafirma Dyip / TNT Tropang Giga

PBA Trivia

Tallest player in the history of PBA

Edward Joseph "E. J." Feihl (born March 27, 1970) is a Filipino retired basketball player of German-Filipino
descent.

He stands 7'1" tall, making him the tallest Filipino professional basketball player ever to play in the PBA to date.[citation
needed] At the UAAP, Feihl debuted for the UST Growling Tigers in 1990 but decided to play for the Adamson Soaring
Falcons the following season. In 1992, he helped the collegiate team reach the final but conceded the title to FEU. He
represented the Philippines in several international competitions.

Feihl was drafted by Ginebra San Miguel in 1995 and played for two seasons with the team. A controversial talk about a
contract extension led to Feihl's departure in 1997. He then played briefly for the AMA Cybertigers in the Philippine
Basketball League.

Shortest Player in the history of PBA

Mark Lu Cruz, 5’5” (born July 27, 1992) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Pampanga Giant
Lanterns of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). He is the smallest active player in the league today,
earning the moniker Ant Man.

Cruz studied at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and played for the Letran Knights varsity squad. Teaming up with
Kevin Alas and Raymond Almazan, and later Kevin Racal and Rey Nambatac, he propelled the Knights to the finals in
2012 and 2013, only to lose to the San Beda Red Lions on both occasions.
Cruz was drafted 30th overall in the 2015 Rookie Draft by the Star Hotshots. Unlike his fellow rookies, he signed a one-
conference contract with the Hotshots. In his PBA debut he tallied 7 points, 2 rebounds and 1 steal in a loss to the San
Miguel Beermen. On May 2016, Cruz was traded by Star to Phoenix Fuel Masters in a three-team trade that also involved
GlobalPort Batang Pier.

Player who most scored points in a single game in PBA

 Allan Caidic (Presto Tivoli) record 79-point game withstands test of time. Presto Tivoli defeated
Barangay Ginebra 162-149, last November 1991.

MPBL (Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League)

Manny Pacquiao launched the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League on August 29, 2017. According to Pacquiao, the
league is not intended to be a competitor to the Philippine Basketball Association, the country's top professional
basketball league. The MPBL will feature both a regional commercial and barangay-level league with teams on the
commercial side to have a home locality in addition to a corporate sponsor. [3]
In the first months, the league hosted teams from Luzon with future plans to expand to accommodate teams based
in Visayas and Mindanao like the defunct Metropolitan Basketball Association. It is planned that an expanded MPBL will
have two conferences, North and South, where the best teams from both divisions will face in the finals similar to the
format of the National Basketball Association of the United States.
The league was planned to start as early as September 23, 2017 with at least six teams. A pre-season was held with the
Bulacan Kuyas finishing as champions.
The inaugural cup of the MPBL, the Anta Rajah Cup commenced on January 25, 2018, and was participated in by ten
teams. In the opening game at the Smart Araneta Coliseum, the Parañaque Patriots secured a 70–60 victory over the
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Caloocan Supremos. The first conference ran until April 19, 2018, where the Batangas City Athletics crowned as the
league's first-ever champion.
After its inaugural cup, the 2018 Anta Rajah Cup, the MPBL had expanded its roster of teams to 26. All teams are
expected to play in the next cup. After the ten expansion teams were admitted into the league, it closed its doors for new
applicants from Luzon. This was done to leave room for future Visayas and Mindanao teams. A meeting in Cebu was held
on April 28 for potential Visayas and Mindanao teams. Davao Occidental Tigers became the first MPBL team from the
Visayas-Mindanao region.
The 2019–20 season was postponed on March 12, 2020 after the second game of the Division Finals, but resumed play for
the game threes of the Division Finals on March 10, 2021, almost exactly a year after, when it announced the resumption
through a bubble in Subic. With this, the 2020–21 season was also cancelled altogether due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Main Equipment in Basketball

1. Basketball Goal (ring), (backboard)

2. Basketball

3. Basketball Playing court

4. Basketball Scoresheet

5. Basketball Shot cloc

Terminologies in Basketball
A

Air ball: A shot that misses the rim or backboard.

Alive: Offensive player who has the ball and has not dribbled.

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Alternating Possession Rule: The possession arrow changes direction after each subsequent jump ball or held ball
situation, alternating which team gets possession for the throw-in. The first possession after a held ball goes to the team
who lost the opening jump ball to begin the game.

Assist: A pass to a teammate that results in a made basket.

Backboard: The flat surface directly behind the basket. The basket is connected to the backboard.

Backdoor: An offensive move where a player cuts behind the defenders and receives a pass for a field-goal attempt.

Ball Handler: The player with the ball. Usually the guard at the start of the play.

Bank Shot: A shot where the ball is first bounced or banked off the backboard at such an angle that it then drops into the
basket.

Basket: Consists of the rim and the net, also known a ‘the hoop’.

Basketball: A round ball made of rubber, leather or synthetic leather. Comes in 3 different sizes (size 5, 6 or 7).

Blind Pass: A pass from a ball handler who does not see their receiver but is estimating where they should be.

Blocked Shot: The successful deflection of a shot by touching part of the ball on its way to the basket, and preventing a
field goal.

Blocking: The use of a defender’s body position to legally prevent an opponent’s advance. It is the opposite of charging.

Boards: The backboard which the ring or basket is attached or slang for a ‘rebound’ – the act of a player grabbing the ball
after a missed shot attempt.

Boxing out: The defensive player turns and faces the basket following a shot and with his or her back to the opponent, and
ensures that the player being guarded can’t ‘rebound’ the ball.

Charging: An offensive foul, which occurs when an offensive player runs into a defender who has established position.

Court vision: A player’s ability to see everything on the court during play.

Crossover dribble: When a ball handler dribbles the ball across their body from one hand to the other.

Cut: A quick movement by an offensive player without the ball to gain an advantage over the defense usually directed
towards the basket.

Dead: Offensive player has the ball and has already used their dribble. They must now either pass or shot the ball.

Dead Ball: Any player with the ball that is not ‘live’. This occurs after each successful field goal, free-throw attempt, after
any official’s whistle or if the ball leaves the court, then play is stopped.

Defense: The act of preventing the offense from scoring. Defense is the team without the ball.

Down court: The direction a team on offense moves, from its backcourt to its frontcourt and towards its own basket.

Double Dribble: The act of dribbling the ball, stopping the dribble or motion of the ball and beginning to dribble again.
Results in a violation and turnover.

Downtown: Referred to as a shot that was considered to distant for the normal shooter to take or in the ‘3-point’ area.

Dribble: The act of bouncing the ball up and down. The offensive player with the ball uses the dribble to move the ball
around the court.

Drive: The movement of an offensive player while aggressively dribbling towards the basket in an attempt to score.

Dunk: A shot in which a jumping player slams the ball down into the opponent’s basket from above.

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Established Position: When a defensive player has both feet firmly planted on the floor before an offensive player’s head
and shoulder gets past them. The offensive player who runs into such a defender is charging.

Exhibition Game: The act of playing another team and the outcome not being counted in any league standings.

Fake: A movement made with the aim of deceiving an opponent. This can be done with either a pass or a shot fake.

Fastbreak: The act of moving the ball quickly down court by an offensive team in hopes of getting ahead of the defense to
score.

Feed: To pass the ball to a teammate who is in a scoring position.

Field Goal: When the ball enters the basket from above the rim during play. It is worth two points.

Flagrant Foul: This is unnecessary or excessive contact against an opponent.

Floor: The area of the court within the end lines and the sidelines.

Floor Violation: A player’s action that violates rules but does not prevent an opponent’s movement (traveling, double
dribble, etc.). They are penalized by a loss in possession.

Foul: Actions by players, which break the rules but are not floor violations. They are penalized by a change in possession
or free throw opportunities.

Fouled Out: A player having to leave the game because they have committed five fouls.

Foul Shot or Free Throw: An unguarded shot taken from the foul line by a player whose opponent committed a personal
or technical foul, which is worth one point.

Free Ball: A ball, which is in play but is not in the possession of either team, also called a ‘loose ball’.

Free Throw: The act of shooting the ball from the marked free throw line (ranging 10-15 feet from the basket) while the
remaining players line up down the ‘key’. Shot is taken at the result of a foul or technical foul being called.

Give and Go: An offensive play in which a player passes the ball to a teammate and cuts towards the basket for a return
pass to score.

Goaltending: Interference with a shot by touching the ball or basket while the ball is on, over, or within the rim. Also
touching the ball on its downward flight to the basket before it hits the rim.

Guarding: The act of following an opponent around the court to prevent them from getting close to the basket, taking an
open short or making easy passes.

Half time: The rest period between two halves of the game. Usually 5 minutes in length.

Hand checking: Illegal use of hands, usually on the back or hips of the offensive player.

High percentage shot: A shot that is likely to go in the basket, typically taken near the hoop.

High post: A player who is stationed in or near the free throw semicircle on offense.

Hoop: The basketball rim and backboard players shoot the ball towards in attempt to score points. Also referred to as the
‘basket’.

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In the Paint: Being in the large rectangle area under each basket or the foul lane area, which is painted a different color.
AKA ‘the key’.

Inbounds: The area within the end lines and sidelines of the court.

Inside Shooting: Shots taken by a player near or under the basket.

Jump shot: Field-goal attempt by a player with both feet off the floor, enabling the player to shoot over the defender.

Lay-up or Lay in: A shot taken after driving to the basket by leaping up under the basket and using one hand to shoot the
ball off the backboard.

Loose Ball: A ball that is alive but not in the possession of either team.

Lower Percentage shot: A shot that is less likely to go in the basket, usually taken further away from the hoop.

Match-ups: Any pairing of players on opposing teams who guard each other.

Offense: The team that has possession of the basketball. Also, a structured pattern of play that a team uses while
attempting to score.

Offensive rebound: A rebound of a team’s own missed shot.

Officials: The referees who control the game, stop and start play, and impose penalties for violations and fouls.

One-and-one: The “bonus” free-throw situation awarded for non-shooting fouls after the opposing team exceeds a certain
number of team fouls in a half. The person fouled shoots one free throw; if successful, the shooter takes a second shot.

Outlet Pass: The first pass made after a defensive rebound to a teammate to start a fastbreak.

Outside Shooting: Shots taken from the perimeter, further away from the hoop.

Out of bounds: The area outside of and including the end lines and sidelines.

Outside shooting: Shots taken from the perimeter.

Over-and-back violation: A violation that occurs when the offensive team returns the ball into the backcourt once it has
positioned itself in the front court.

Overhead pass: A two-handed pass thrown from above the forehead.

Overtime: An extra period played to break a tie score at the end of a regulation game.

Pass: When a player throws the ball to a teammate to advance the ball during a possession.

Personal Foul: Contact between players, which may result in excessive physical contact or provide one team with an
unfair advantage. Players may not push, hold, trip, hack, elbow, restrain or charge into an opponent. These are also
counted as team fouls.
Pivot: A center, also the foot that must remain touching the floor until a ball handler who has stopped dribbling is ready to
pass or shoot.

Possession: To be holding or in control of the ball.

Post Position: The position of a player standing in the low post or high post in the ‘key’ area near the hoop.

Rebound: A term used to describe the actual retrieving of the ball as it rebounds from the backboard or the ring after a
missed shot.

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Receiver: The player who receives a pass from the ball handler.

Referee: The person(s) assigned to the game to maintain the flow and integrity of the game.

Sag: When a defender moves away from their opponent toward the basket they are defending.

Scrimmage: Practice play between squads of one team.

Shooter: A player who takes a shot at the basket in attempts to score.

Shooter’s roll: This is the ability to get even an inaccurate shot to bounce lightly off the rim and into the basket.

Shooting Range: The distance from which a player is likely to make their shots.

Squaring up: When a player’s shoulders are facing the basket as they release the ball for a shot. This is considered good
shooting position.

Steal: To take the ball away from an opponent.

Strong Side/Weak Side: Whichever side of the key that the ball is on when on offense is called the strong side. The other
side is the weak side. If the ball changes sides, the weak side is now the strong side.

Substitute: A player who comes into the game to replace a player on the court.

Switch: Two defensive players change checks during live play.

Technical Foul: A special violation called at the discretion of the referee towards players, coaches or the team. Infractions
include an intentional or flagrant contact foul, unsportsmanlike conduct or other actions detrimental to the spirit of the
game.

Throw-in: The method by which a team with possession inbounds the ball.

Time-out: A period of sixty seconds during which the play is stopped and teams discuss strategy and a moment to allow
players to rest.

Tip-off: The initial jump ball that starts the game.

Trailer: An offensive player that follows behind the ball-handler.

Before Game Tips

Always warm up and stretch your joints and muscles before you hit the court. Make it a point to stretch and cool down
after a game as well.

Basketball is a physically demanding game. It is important to have plenty of fluids on hand so that you can rehydrate your
body at regular intervals. Because of the physical demands, it is important that you keep yourself flexible and strong. With
the many benefits of basketball, it is the perfect reason for you to pick up a ball and start shooting some hoops. It can be
played alone or with friends – no matter what you choose, you get a great workout. By making this sport a part of your
fitness routine, you ensure that you stay physically and mentally fit and active for many years.

Basic Positions in Basketball

In a typical game of basketball, there are usually five players on each team on the court, and each player has their roles
and responsibilities.

Traditionally, players who filled these positions would solely stick to their role and focus on their task, but basketball has
advanced a lot since then and every player these days are required to play two or more positions at one time. This is due to
the nature of the sport where players move around and play flexibly; doing what is required in any given situation.

Here are the five basic positions and their role in basketball,

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Position #1 Point Guard (Notable Point Guards: Stephen Curry, Chris Paul, Steve Nash)

The Point Guard is usually the shortest but the best ball handler on the team. Also known as the ‘coach on the floor’ or the
‘floor general’, a point guard is responsible for directing plays. He needs to have good court vision to create open shots for
the receivers as well as drive the ball down the court and initiate offensive plays. Point Guards need to have an excellent
long-distance shooting, though it’s not quite as crucial as for shooting guards, some point guards take as many shots as
shooting guards.

Position #2 Shooting Guard (Notable Shooting Guards: Kobe Bryant, Klay Thompson, Michael Jordan)

Potentially the one of the shortest players on the team, the Shooting Guard is the team’s best outside shooter. Besides
being able to shoot well, the Shooting Guard needs to be good at dribbling fast, passing and having court vision by seeing
the court. He is also responsible for driving the ball down the court and setting up offensive plays. A good Shooting
Guard will be a threat to his opponent as he’s able to score from anywhere on the court.

Position #3 Small Forward (Notable Small Forwards: Lebron James, Kevin Durant, Kawhi Leonard)

The Small Forward is usually the shorter of the two forwards on the team but plays the most versatile role out of the main
five positions. He must have enough height and the ability to play on the inside as well as agility to play on the outside,
similar to a shooting guard. Small Forwards are usually the second or third best shooters on the team and should be able
to do a little bit of everything on the court.

Position #4 Power Forward (Notable Power Forwards: Anthony Davis, Draymond Green, Karl Malone)

Power Forwards are usually the second tallest in the team and are the closest to the center in terms of physical attributes
and playing style but with more speed. They are often the most versatile player, being able to score in the paint as well as
being able to shoot from midrange. It will be more effective if they’re able to land a three-point consistently. Defensively,
they are required to have the strength to guard bigger players close to the basket.

Position #5 Center (Notable Centers: Shaquille O’Neal, Yao Ming, Rudy Gobert, Greg Slaughter)

The center is usually the team’s tallest and strongest player and is positioned under the basket. He is also required to be
physically domineering with more physical strength and athleticism. On the offensive play, most centers do not
consistently score midrange or beyond the arch. Instead, most of their points should be from offensive rebounds and are
also required to block defenders to open other players up for driving to the basket. On the defense, the center is
responsible for keeping the opponent from shooting by blocking shots and passes in the vital area. They’re also expected
to fight for rebounds as they’re usually taller physically.

The 13 Original Rules of Basketball – created by James Naismith

After brainstorming some new ideas, Naismith developed basketball’s original 13 rules and, consequently, the game of
basketball.

1. The ball can be thrown in any direction with one or both hands.

2. The ball can be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist.

3. A player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on where he catches it.

4. The ball must be held in or between the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it.

5. No shouldering, holding, pushing, striking, or tripping an opponent.

6. A foul is striking the ball with the fist.

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7. If a side makes three consecutive fouls, it counts as a goal for the opponents.

8. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the ground into the basket and stays there.

9. When the ball goes out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field and played by the first person touching it.

10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls
have been made.

11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and decide when it is in play in bounds, to which side it belongs, and shall
keep the time.

12. The time shall be two 15-minute halves with a five-minute rest between.

13. The side scoring the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner.

Basic FIBA, NBA and NCAA rules

Rule FIBA NBA NCAA

Playing time 4x10 minutes 4x12 minutes 2x20 minutes

5 minutes over-time 5 minutes over-time 5 minutes over-time
(OT)

Shot clock 24 seconds 24 seconds Men: 35 seconds

After offensive Women: 30 seconds
rebound: 14 seconds

3-point line 6.75m (6.60 on 7.24m (6.70m on baseline) Men: 6.25m

baseline) Women: 6.325m

Time-outs 2 in first half 6 regular 4 regular

3 in second half (but 2 per OT period 30 seconds
only 2 in last two = 60 or 100 seconds + long
minutes of the + 1 short time-out (20 60 seconds
4 period)
th
seconds) per half Maximum 3 regular and 1 long in
1 per OT period The second short time-out second half
Always 60 seconds can be carried over to OT !!! additional regulations
Never carried over period
!!! additional regulations

Jump ball and Jump ball to star game Jump ball to star game Jump ball to star game
alternating The one losing initial The one losing initial jump The one losing initial jump ball
possession jump ball gets ball gets possession to start gets possession for the next jump
possession for the 2nd and 4th quarters ball situation
next jump ball The one winning initial jump Alternating possession between
situation ball gets possession to start teams thereafter for all jump ball
Alternating 3rd quarter situations
possession between All other jump ball situations Jump ball to start OT
teams thereafter for played as "real jump ball"
all jump ball
situations

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Rule FIBA NBA NCAA

Individual foul Foul out on 5 Foul out on 6 or 2 technical Foul out on 5 (personal and
(personal and technical)
technical)

Team fouls and 2 free-throws awarded 2 free-throws awarded for 1 free throw, plus another if the
bonus free-throws for each (non- each foul after the 4th team first is successful is awarded on the
shooting) foul after foul or last two minutes of 7th, 8th and 9th foul of each half;
the 4th period each quarter, whichever the penalty is increased to two
(includes player comes first shots on the 10th and subsequent
technical fouls) Does not include offensive fouls; overtime is an extension of
Does not include fouls and technical fouls the second half.
offensive fouls/fouls Does not include offensive fouls
by team in possession

Technical foul 1 free throw and 1 free throw per technical 2 free throws, play resumes at
(penalty) possession of the ball foul; play resumes at the point of interruption
at centre point of interruption; foul is
charged to individual in
question (and automatic fine
assessed)

Goaltending/basket No blocking a ball in No blocking a ball in No blocking a ball in downward

interference downward flight downward flight towards the flight towards the rim.
towards the rim. rim.
An imaginary cylinder exists that
Once the ball strikes An imaginary cylinder exists has the basket as its base. Touching
the rim, any player that has the basket as its the ball while any part of it is in
can play the ball (i.e. base. Touching the ball while this cylinder (and still has a chance
swat it away or tap it any part of it is in this to go in) is a violation.
in) cylinder (and still has a
chance to go in) is a violation

Zone defense Legal Legal but… Legal

defensive player may not
stay in the lane (a.k.a. key,
restricted area) for longer
than three seconds if he is
not actively guarding an
opponent

Player numbers 00, 0, 1-99 Any one or two digit number 00 (or 0), 1-5, 10-15, 20-25, 30-35,
40-45, 50-55

The PHILIPPINE BASKETBALL ASSOCIATION has a hybrid of FIBA and NBA rules:
1. A game consists of four 12-minute quarters, the NBA standard.
2. The three-point line's distance is set back to 6.75 m (22.1 feet), which is the FIBA's three-point distance for
international competitions.
3. Zone defenses are allowed.

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4. A team enters the penalty situation after the fifth foul in a quarter, with each successive foul entitling the fouled
player to two free-throw attempts. In the last two minutes of regulation, teams are only allowed one foul to give, as
in NBA rules. Overtime periods allow each team two fouls in the first three minutes and one foul in the last two
minutes, as in NBA rules.
5. Newcomers enter the league via a draft and required to play in the D-League for a certain number of tournaments
before being eligible to be drafted.
6. Non-Filipinos can play as "imports" and only in certain conferences, the Commissioner's Cup and the Governors'
Cup. The Commissioner's Cup allows teams to hire imports no taller than 6'10". In the Governors' Cup, imports
within the height limit of 6'5" are allowed to play.
7. The league implements the Trent Tucker Rule.
8. An advantage foul, similar to the "unsportsmanlike foul" of FIBA rules, is called when the offensive player is
fouled by an opposing player while in a fastbreak situation without going for the ball. The offense is given two free
throws and regains the ball.

Common Violations in Basketball

A violation in Basketball is called on any player who breaks or violates a rule of the game defined in the league rulebook.
All violations are called by the referees and can differ within different levels of Basketball. It is important to know the
violation as a player and coach, since taking fouls or committing violations can hurt a team’s chances of winning.

Violations are typically called for minor infractions, while fouls are reserved for more egregious errors. Violations
describe breaches of basic rules like dribbling, bringing the ball up the court, or passing the ball inbounds. Because
violations are mostly simple mistakes, they are much more common at lower levels of play, more experienced players
already know how to perform basic skills.

Here is a list and description of non-foul violations in the game of basketball. The penalty for most violations is loss of
possession of the ball.

 Traveling (walking) One of the basic ideas of the sport of basketball is that you have to dribble or bounce the ball
while you are walking or running. When you have stopped dribbling one of your feet will become your pivot foot.
You cannot move your pivot foot or lift it off of the ground. If you do, this is called traveling.
 Double dribble. You only get to dribble once in basketball. If you stop dribbling you have to pass it to another
player or shoot the ball. If you start dribbling again, this is called double dribbling.
 Three seconds. Offensive players are not allowed to stay in the free throw lane, or key, for more than three
seconds. Anytime they leave the key or the ball hits the rim, the three second count starts over again.
 Ten Seconds. The offensive team has 10 seconds to get the ball across half court. If it takes longer than 10
seconds, then they will lose possession of the ball.
 Over-and-back. Once the offensive team has gotten the ball over half court, they cannot go back into the
defender's half court with the ball. This is called over-and-back.
 Carrying (palming) Carrying, or palming, is like a double dribble. Players may not put the palm of their hands
under the ball or carry the ball in one hand for a long time. This is similar to holding the ball and a double dribble.
 Lane violations during a free throw shot, players will line up on both sides of the lane. If they jump into the lane
prior to the shot, it will be called a lane violation. If it was an offensive player, a made shot will not count. If it
was a defensive player, a missed shot will not count and the shooter will get another try.
 Kicking Players are not allowed to intentionally kick the ball. If a defensive player kicks the ball, the offensive
team will get it out of bounds.
 Goaltending, goaltending is when a player interferes with a shot when it is above the rim, but still on its
downward path to the basket, interferes with the ball while on the rim of the basket, or touches the net or rim
while the ball is being shot. If goaltending is called on the defense, the shot is called good. If goaltending is on the
offense, then the shot does not count and the defense gets the ball.
 Out of bounds. The ball is considered out of bounds when it touches the ground outside the lines of the court. The
lines themselves are considered out of bounds as well. It is also out of bounds if the ball touches a player who has
any part of their body touching the ground out of bounds.

Common Fouls in Basketball

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In basketball, a foul is an infraction of the rules more serious than a violation. Most fouls occur as a result of illegal
personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behavior. Fouls can result in one or more of the following
penalties:

 The team whose player committed the foul loses possession of the ball to the other team.
 The fouled player is awarded one or more free throws.
 The player committing the foul "fouls out" of the game.
 The player committing the foul is suspended from some number of subsequent games.

Some of the penalties listed above are assessed only if a player or a team commits a number of fouls above a specified
limit.

Ordinary fouls are routine because of the constant motion inherent in the sport and are not viewed as bad
sportsmanship. The penalty imposes a cost on violating the rules but does not disparage the player committing the
foul. A player intending never to commit a foul might play so cautiously as to be ineffective. More serious fouls are
regarded as bad sportsmanship, and the penalties are designed to be disciplinary.

Personal Fouls

Among all the types of basketball fouls, personal foul is the most common type. It relates to the physical contacts, the
illegal ones that are not acceptable in the game of basketball. It can be divided into two more categories, defensive fouls
and offensive fouls.

Defensive Fouls

Illegal physical contacts which are made by defensive players are known as defensive fouls. These contacts are primarily
aimed to impede the progress of offensive player. Some of the typical defensive fouls are blocking, reaching in, holding,
tripping and pushing.

Offensive Fouls

Offensive players also commit personal fouls, mainly charging and illegal screen. Charging is called when offensive
player moves into a defensive player, pretending as he is fouled by the defender and illegal screen when player setting the
screen constantly moves and blocks the way of the defender.

Flagrant Foul

When an illegal physical contact gets more violent, obvious, unnecessary and excessive, then it is called a flagrant foul.
It’s intended to harm a player and results in harsher penalties than personal fouls. Hitting, punching, shoving etc. in such
manner that could injure a player or actually ends up hurting him can lead to fines and ejection from the game. There are
two types of flagrant fouls: flagrant foul 1 and flagrant foul 2. Upon measuring the severity of contact, referee decides
whether to call it type 1 or type 2. He can reclassify his decision after reviewing it.

Technical Fouls

Technical foul includes those acts or behaviors that are against the sportsmanship or spirit of the game. It’s an
unsportsmanlike conduct from an on court player, bench player, coach or entire team against a player, coach, referee or
spectator. For example, releasing anger or frustration in reckless manner like throwing chair or any object, spitting,
punting a ball, using improper language or trash talking. Team fighting or fight with crowd, pretending to be fouled

Defense
In basketball, playing defense means trying to stop your opponent from scoring. The rules of basketball spell out how and
under what circumstances the defense can attempt to stop offensive players. The majority of personal fouls are called over
illegal contact by defenders. Understanding the basic rules of basketball defense can make you a better defender and all-
around player.

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“Defense Makes the Difference”

Slogans such as “A good offense is the best defense,” “Out score your opponent,” and “They can’t score when you have
possession of the ball” are all true. However, defense is the dominant ingredient of winning basketball. Offensive
basketball has progressed at such a rapid rate with the addition of the 3-point shot that players sometimes forget the value
of strong defense. It is impossible to shut out your opponent, but it IS possible to eliminate the cheap basket. Defense, if
it’s good, is unlike offense in that it is quite stable. We all have had nights when we could not put the ball in the basket.
This is a variable of offense, while our defense will not change. Even on a poor offensive night, we can play good defense
that might turn the tide of the battle.

Types of Defense

a. The man-to-man defense involves all 5 defensive players on the court being allocated one opposition player who
they’re accountable for defending whenever they’re on defense. Of course, there will be times when players
switch opponents or help each other on defense, but for the most part, each player is responsible for one player
from the opposition. Learning to be a great man-to-man defender is perhaps the most important skill for a player
to learn during their years of youth basketball.

No matter what defense a player goes on to play at the next level or on another team, the skills they learn playing
man-to-man defense will transfer. Unfortunately, the same can’t be said for players that solely learn zone defense.

b. Where man-to-man defense has you assigned to a specific player, zone defensive strategy has you guarding a
specific area instead. Zone defenses can be effective against poor outside shooters, as well as players who are
adept at driving to the basket. The basic procedure in zone defense is to have defenders pick up opponents when
they enter their designated area. Once they leave or motion to another portion of the court, the defenders hang
back and guard their spot rather than following a player as you would in man-to-man.

Zone defenses are broken down by their alignments, which are normally labeled by numbers. Some common zone
layouts include:

a. 2-3 ZONE
This is the most common zone layout. Two players stand high at the free throw line, while the remaining
three defenders guard the baseline. This zone defense is great for defending baseline and corner attacks, as
well as securing rebounds.

b. 3-2 ZONE
This alignment places three defenders in line at the free throw line and allows for more pressure from the
wings, making for a more difficult long-range shot.

c. 1-3-1 ZONE
The 1-3-1 layout consists of one player above the free throw line, three players staggered across
the paint and one player guarding the baseline underneath the hoop. This is a good defense for guarding head-
on attacks at the top of the circle and for forcing offenses into corners for potential traps and turnovers.

d. 2-1-2 ZONE
Two players guard the free throw line, while one player is placed in the lane and the final two defenders are
placed at the baseline. This layout is a good defense against baseline attacks and offenses working into the
paint.

e. 1-2-2 ZONE
Also called the “jug” defense, one player guards above the foul line while two players guard the wings. The
final two defenders are responsible for the baseline.

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Fundamental Skills in Basketball -

*Why warm up and cool down

Warm-ups and cool-downs generally involve doing your activity at a slower pace and reduced intensity.
Warming up helps prepare your body for aerobic activity. A warm-up gradually revs up your cardiovascular system by
raising your body temperature and increasing blood flow to your muscles. Warming up may also help reduce muscle
soreness and lessen your risk of injury.
Cooling down after your workout allows for a gradual recovery of pre-exercise heart rate and blood pressure. Cooling
down may be most important for competitive endurance athletes, such as marathoners, because it helps regulate blood
flow. Cooling down doesn't appear to help reduce muscle stiffness and soreness after exercise, but more research is
needed.
Although there's controversy about whether warming up and cooling down can prevent injuries, proper warm-ups and
cool-downs pose little risk. Plus, they seem to give your heart and blood vessels a chance to ease into — and out of — an
exercise session. So if you have the time, consider including a warmup and cool-down in your workout routine.

How to warm up
Warm up right before you plan to start your workout. In general, warm up by focusing first on large muscle groups, such
as your hamstrings. Then you can do exercises more specific to your sport or activity, if necessary.
Begin by doing the activity and movement patterns of your chosen exercise, but at a low, slow pace that gradually
increases in speed and intensity. This is called a dynamic warmup. A warmup may produce mild sweating, but generally
won't leave you fatigued.

How to cool down

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Cooling down is similar to warming up. You generally continue your workout session for five minutes or so, but at a
slower pace and reduced intensity.

Footwork
The importance of good basketball footwork and basketball agility is greatly underestimated today. The top
teams focus valuable practice time to developing their player's quality of footwork, balance and agility. Every basketball
player loves to practice the offensive game. Dribbling, going to the basket, shooting the ball. The majority of practice
time, both team and individual, is spent on these areas. One must understand that good agility and footwork allows all the
other areas of the game to be successful.

Good footwork allows the player to get space for their shot. It allows them to beat their player to get to the basket. It
allows the player to defend. Good footwork and agility enhances every aspect of a basketball player's game and skills. It
is the foundation of your entire game.

Passing and Catching the Ball

Passing and Catching are a very important part of a Basketball game! A successful team makes strong and accurate
passes, and always catches the ball. Coaches must ensure that their players understand the fundamentals and mechanics of
passing and catching – and then “drill” them into them during practices.

A pass is only good if it can be caught. Therefore, your players should always be ready to catch the ball. They need to
anticipate both when and where the pass will be thrown. In order to catch the ball they should: Get as open as possible and
present a good target to the passer. To receive the ball:
 Keep hands out from the chest.
 Keep fingers pointed up and spread comfortably, with the thumbs almost touching each other.
 This position enables them to immediately get a good hold on the ball.
 Between the passer and the receiver there is an unspoken signal to pass the ball: the raised and open hands of the
receiver. This tells the passer, "I'm open! Give me the ball!

Passing in basketball has been defined as "The deliberate attempt to move a live ball between two teammates", a
definition which might equally apply across other sports equally well, albeit with a change to the item being passed where
appropriate. ... In baseball, the ball is only passed between teammates on defense.

Dribbling
Dribbling is a very important fundamental of both offensive and defensive basketball. Offensively it is used to
advance the ball in the back court, to make a drive-in to the basket, and to free oneself from close or congested defensive
areas. Defensively, the dribble has become very effective in stalling tactics, especially when a press is being used.

The dribbler may bounce the ball with one or two hands. If he bounces the ball with two hands, he is allowed only one
dribble. There is no limit to the number of times he can dribble with one hand.

If a player dribbles, stops his dribbling action, and then dribbles again, he is said to have discontinued his dribble. This is
a violation which means loss of ball to the opponent.

Palming is another violation which occurs when a player momentarily stops his dribble by turning his wrist and "cupping"
the ball. Once a player has dribbled and comes to a stop, he must pass the ball or shoot it.

Dribbling can be more of a liability to a team than an asset if not used intelligently. Many players get into the bad
habit of bouncing the ball every time they receive a pass. This prevents dribbling by the player who has the ball. He is
known to be "dead." If the player in possession of the ball has not yet dribbled, his guard cannot play him tight because
the offensive player can dribble around him. He is known to be "alive." A "live" player is more of a threat than a "dead"
one!

Basic types of dribbling

a. Low dribble is to be used whenever you are closely guarded. This type of dribbling simply entails keeping the
ball low to the floor and in your control.
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b. High dribble is used when you are trying to move the ball up the court very quickly. Typically, you will see
high dribbles after steals and during fast-break opportunities. • To execute a high dribble, keep you torso erect
and push the top of the ball forward, well ahead of your body
c. Crossover dribble is a basketball maneuver in which a player dribbling the ball switches the ball rapidly from
one hand to the other, to make a change in direction. In a typical example the player heads up-court, dribbling
the ball in the left hand, and then makes a wide step left with a good head fake .
d. Behind the back dribble is a move where the ball is moving from one hand to another, but the ball bounces
behind the players back. Many people call it behind the back crossover because the moves are similar with the
difference of a side of the body where the dribbling is done.
e. In between the legs dribble is a quick way to move the ball from one hand to the other when you are closely
guarded or when being overplayed and you want to change dribbling direction.
f. The Reverse dribble/reverse spin dribble is a technique used to change direction and, when done correctly,
protects the ball from the defender by keeping the dribbler's body between the defender and the ball. As the
player takes their reverse pivot, they pull the ball across their body in one motion, as they continue their
dribble.

Shooting
Shooting is throwing the basketball toward the hoop; "his shot hit the rim and bounced out" bank shot - a basketball
shot that bounces off of the backboard before passing through the hoop. dunk, dunk shot, stuff shot - a basketball shot in
which the basketball is propelled downward into the basket.

Shooting is the most important skill in basketball. The fundamental skills of passing, dribbling, defense, and
rebounding may enable you to get a high percentage shot, but you must still be able to make the shot. A large part of
shooting is mental attitude. In addition to shooting skill, you must have confidence in yourself to shoot well. The
integration of the mental and mechanical aspects of shooting fosters shooting success.

Development of an accurate shot forces your defender to play you tight and become vulnerable to a fake, allowing you to
pass and drive as well as shoot. If you lack an accurate shot, a defender can play back in anticipation of a drive or a pass
and be less susceptible to your fake. When you do not have the ball, your defender can play farther off you and be in
better position to give defensive help to a teammate guarding another player. To be successful, a team must have players
who can make the outside shot.

Great shooters are often called pure shooters because they have a smooth, free-flowing shot or a soft touch. Some players
think a pure shooter is naturally gifted - born that way. This is a misconception. Great shooters are made, not born.

Shooting is the most important skill in basketball. The fundamental skills of passing, dribbling, defense, and rebounding
may enable you to get a high percentage shot, but you must still be able to make the shot. A large part of shooting is
mental attitude. In addition to shooting skill, you must have confidence in yourself to shoot well. The integration of the
mental and mechanical aspects of shooting fosters shooting success.

Shooting is a skill you can practice by yourself. Once you understand correct mechanics, all you need is a ball, a basket,
and an eagerness to improve. But it is also helpful to practice shooting under game conditions, including the pressure
situations that occur late in a game. Practice with a partner providing the defensive pressure of an opponent. Remember
that through practice you will develop shooting skill and confidence. You also can benefit from having a trained observer
such as a coach, teacher, or a skilled player watch you shoot and provide corrective feedback. However, most of your
shooting practice will occur when a coach or teacher is not present, so learn to analyze your shot's reaction on the rim to
reinforce successful execution or reveal shooting errors and their possible causes.

Stationary Basketball Shooting Form and Technique

In this section, we give you the raw form and mechanics of stationary shooting.

Here's a quick roadmap of the stationary shooting fundamentals that we'll be covering:

1. Eyes on Target
2. Stance and Balance

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3. Shot Pocket
4. Grip
5. Balance Hand
6. Delivery
7. Upforce and Landing
8. Follow Through
9. Correct Shot

EYES ON TARGET

To improve accuracy, locate the target (rim) as early as possible.

Keep your eyes on the target and do not follow the flight of the ball.

Keeping your target focus is very important!

STANCE AND BALANCE

Feet are shoulder width apart for good balance.

Feet should be in a slightly staggered stance that is consistent and comfortable for
you. Your shooting foot is slightly ahead of the non-shooting foot in a comfortable
position.

Point your feet in the general direction of the basket, but not necessarily directly at it.
We prefer an open stance, but you can also use the closed (squared) stance if that's
more comfortable for you. With an open stance, your feet point towards one side of
the basket. For example, a right handed shooter will point his or her feet just to the
left of the rim for a more natural position and shooting motion.

Once you develop a comfortable stance, line up your feet the exact same way on
every shot. Whatever stance you use, consistency is critical.

Flex/bend your knees on every shot.

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SHOT POCKET

As you catch the ball, move it quickly into the shot pocket.
Line everything up so the ball and your shooting eye form a straight line to the
basket. This is VERY important.

Position the ball several inches above your waist.

Grip the ball properly and be ready to shoot.

Position the ball in your shot pocket the SAME way every time you catch it.

GRIP

Place the air hole between the middle and index fingers.

Line up your fingertip pads parallel to the long seams of the ball, so you can monitor
the back spin.

Leave space between the ball and the middle of your palm. You should be able to
insert a pencil between the ball and your palm area.

Spread your fingers far enough apart to comfortably balance the ball in one hand.

The ball should sit on your finger pads.

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BALANCE HAND

Your non-shooting hand should be on the side of the ball.

Your balance hand should not add force or spin to the shot.

Your non-shooting hand should not move on delivery and should ALWAYS come off
the ball FIRST.

Type of Shots
1. Jump Shot

A jump shot is most frequently used for a mid to long-range shots, including shooting beyond the arc.

To achieve balance when facing the basket for a jump shot, you have to take a wide stance, usually, shoulder width apart,
bend your knees and square your shoulders. Make a fluid, explosive upward leap and at the apex of the jump, follow
through by shooting the ball. When the ball is released at the apex of the jump shot, keep your elbows straight to ensure
that it is pointed in the direction of the basket. Concentrate on the flicking of your wrist and holding it in position to
provide the ball with momentum and spin.

2. Hook Shot

A hook shot is when the shot is made while your body is not directly facing the basket.

To execute a shoot shot, you need to face the basket sideways so that your shooting hand dribbling the ball is facing away
from the basket. This is also the stance to help guard the ball against your opponent. This makes it difficult for your
opponent to try to block the shot due to the distance created between you and your defender. To make the shot, jump with
your left foot pushing off the ground if you’re making a right-handed shot or vice versa. The shooting arm should be
slightly bent, and it should thrust upwards as the ball is lobbed with a flick of the wrist.

The hook shot is a staple of many players in the National Basketball Association, including notable stars such as George
Mikan, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Magic Johnson, and Yao Ming.

3. Bank Shot
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A bank shot is when any shot made where the ball hits the backboard before heading into the net.

To execute a bank shot, treat it as though you’re taking a jump shot but this time, aim slightly higher by shooting for the
backboard. Jumping higher can also sometimes mean jumping slightly backwards when aiming for the basket to prevent
defenders from blocking the shot. The ball should not be hitting the rim too much after bouncing off the backboard. The
ball should then bounce off the backboard and into the net.

4. Free Throw

A free throw is a shot attempt given to a player that was fouled and it is taken on the free throw line. The player must stay
behind the free throw line when taking the shot.

Before attempting to shoot, one must maintain their balance. Find the nail or dot in the middle of the free throw line and
line your shooting foot against it. For right-handed shooters, the shooting foot will be the right foot and vice versa.

Your elbow on your shooting hand must be lined up to make an “L” right under the ball with fingers spread out for the
backspin. Aim for the back of the rim with your eyes focusing on the rims, do not look at the ball while you execute the
shot.

Follow through your shot by keeping your hands up in the air for a second or two after releasing the ball.

5. Layup

A layup is a shot made from short range by a player moving towards the basket. Usually utilizing the backboard if he
approaches the hoop from an angle. This is also one of the most basic and common way of scoring a basket in the game.

To execute a layup, dribble the ball towards the basket. If you’re on the right flank, dribble the ball with your right hand.
At the three-point line, or within two metres from the basket, take two giant strides towards the hoop and attempt to score
by throwing the ball at the top corner of the backboard or lay the ball gently into the basket.

6. Slam Dunk

The dunk is usually the most spectacular shot and is one of the toughest feats in basketball. It usually requires more
jumping ability than shooting skills.

To execute a slam dunk, dribble and charge towards the hoop when ready to execute the dunk.

Jump explosively to get as high as possible and leap towards the hoop. Lift the ball above the rim and push or slam it
forcefully through the rim. Most people jump off one foot, but you might find that you can jump higher off both feet. So
there you have it, six ways of scoring in basketball. Start practicing and perhaps find out which way works for your best,
depending on your role and position in the team.

ACTIVITIES: PRACTICAL EXAMS

Activity 1: Dynamic Exercises (Group Activity) Group Grading (Onsite)

Activity 2: Ball Handling (Group Activity) Individual Grading (Onsite)

Activities 3-4: Dribbling Skills (Group Activities) Individual Grading (Onsite)

*Low Dribbling
* High Dribbling
*Crossover Dribbling
* Behind the back Dribbling
* In Between the Legs Dribbling
* The reverse dribbling
Activities 5-7: Passing drills (Group Activities) Individual Grading (Onsite)
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*Stationary Passing (Chest, Bounce, Overhead and Baseball pass)

*2-man Passing
*3-man weave passing

Activities 8-12: Shooting Drills (Group Activities) Individual Grading (Onsite)

*Right hand Lay-up
*Left-hand Lay-up
*10 balls Jump shooting
*10 balls Free-throw shooting
*10 balls 3-point shooting

Activity 13: Scrimmage (Group Activity) 5 on 5 Group Grading (Onsite)

Activity 14: Culminating Activity

*Inter-group competition Group Grading (Onsite)

Activity 15: FINAL CULMINATING ACTIVITY

*Inter-section tournament, Group Grading (Onsite)

Prepared by: Mr. Armel C. Loon BPE., MATPE

PE 206 Instructor

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