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Lesson 1.2 The Endocrine System Complete
Lesson 1.2 The Endocrine System Complete
• There are also many organs that have cells which secrete
hormones, but are not exclusively endocrine organs.
• These include:
– The hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidneys,
stomach, liver, small intestine, skin, heart, and placenta.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
HORMONES
•
• Thymic hormones may also help to retard the aging
process.
Local hormones
• Histamine
• This is synthesised and stored by mast cells in
the tissues and basophils in blood. It is released
as part of the inflammatory responses,
especially when caused by allergy
• Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)
• This is present in platelets, in the brain and in the
intestinal wall. It causes intestinal secretion and
contraction of smooth muscle and its role in haemostasis
(blood clotting)
• It is a neurotransmitter in the CNS and is known to
influence mood.
• Prostaglandins (PGs)
• These are lipid substances found in most tissues. They
act on neighbouring cells but their actions are short-lived
as they are quickly metabolized. Prostaglandins have
potent and wide-ranging physiological effects in:
• • the inflammatory response
• • potentiating pain
• • fever
• • regulating blood pressure
• • blood clotting
• • uterine contractions during labour.