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Science 3
for Science
This material is intended exclusively for the use of teachers participating in the pilot implementation of the MATATAG K to 10 Curriculum during the
School Year 2023-2024. It aims to assist in delivering the curriculum content, standards, and lesson competencies. Any unauthorized reproduction, distribution,
modification, or utilization of this material beyond the designated scope is strictly prohibited and may result in appropriate legal actions and disciplinary measures.
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Development Team
Writer/s:
• Myra Luz M. Homillano, PhD (Central Bicol State University of Agriculture)
Validator/s:
• Jannete P. Merculio, PhD (Central Luzon State University)
Management Team
Philippine Normal University
Research Center for Teacher Quality
SiMERR National Research Centre
Every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information provided in this material. For inquiries or feedback, please write or call the Office
of the Director of the Bureau of Learning Resources via telephone numbers (02) 8634-1072 and 8631-6922 or by email at [email protected].
2
SCIENCE/ QUARTER 2 / GRADE 7 (for Week 4)
B. Performance By the end of the quarter, learners demonstrate understanding of the parts and function of a compound microscope
Standards and use this to identify cell structure. They recognize that the cell is the basic unit of life and that some organisms are
unicellular and some are multicellular. They explain that there are two types of cell division, and that reproduction can
occur through sexual or asexual processes. They use diagrams to make connections between organisms and their
environment at various levels of organization. They explain the process of energy transfer through trophic levels in food
chains.
C. Learning 1. Recognize that cells reproduce through two types of cell division, mitosis and meiosis, and describe mitosis as cell
Competencies division for growth and repair;
and Objectives Lesson Objective 1: Describe the different phases/stages in mitosis.
Lesson Objective 2: Describe the different phases/stages in meiosis.
Lesson Objective 3: Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis based on their role in the cell division cycle.
Lesson Objective 4: Describe the importance of mitosis in cell growth and repair.
2. Explain that genetic information is passed on to offspring from both parents by the process of meiosis and
fertilization;
Lesson Objective 1: Describe the different phases/ stages in fertilization.
Lesson Objective 2: Explain the role of meiosis and fertilization in passing genetic information from parents to
offspring.
1
3. Differentiate sexual from asexual reproduction in terms of: a) number of parents involved, and b) similarities of
offspring to parents;
Lesson Objective 1: Describe sexual reproduction.
Lesson Objective 2: Describe asexual reproduction.
Lesson Objective 3: Compare and contrast the types of reproduction in terms of number of parents involved and
similarities of offspring to parents.
E. Integration • SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being): Cellular reproduction as fundamental to human health
• SDG 2 (Zero Hunger): Cellular reproduction in plants for crop growth and production
• SDG 15 (Life on Land): Mitosis in plants and animals contributes to biodiversity and the conservation of various
species and ecosystems
• SDG 4 (Quality Education): Biology education and scientific research
2
III. TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCEDURE NOTES TO TEACHERS
3
B. Cycle of Life. Instruction: The teacher will present the pictures and let the The teacher provides the
students answer the process questions. worksheet for this activity. After
a defined period, they will ask
Picture #1 students to share their
answers.
Process Questions:
a. What have you observed in the picture? Can you compare it with yourself
during your childhood to your picture now?
b. Which do you think has the greatest number of cells: the adult, the child
or both have the same number?
Picture #2
4
B. Establishing Lesson 1. Lesson Purpose The teacher provides the
Purpose Essential Questions: worksheet for this activity. After
a. What kind of cell divides by mitosis? a defined period, they will ask
_________________________________________________________________________ students to share their
b. What kind of cell divides by meiosis? answers.
_________________________________________________________________________
c. Where does the mitosis and meiosis division take place?
_________________________________________________________________________
d. Why are both cell divisions necessary for the development of an This activity will allow students
organism? to identify the similarities and
_________________________________________________________________________ differences of the two types of
_________________________________________________________________________ cell division.
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MITOSIS
Divides a eukaryotic
cells chromosome into
identical daughter
nuclei.
CYTOKINESIS
Distribution of
cytoplasm to daughter
cells following division
of a cell’s
chromosomes.
6
CENTROSOME
Structure that
organizes the
microtubes that make
up the spindle in
animal cells.
SPINDLE
Array of microtube
proteins that move
chromosomes during
mitosis and meiosis.
7
MEIOSIS
Forms genetically
variable nuclei, each
containing half as many
chromosomes as the
organism’s diploid cells
HOMOLOGOUS PAIR
Two chromosomes that
have the same gene
sequence but may have
different alleles of those
genes
8
CROSSING OVER
HAPLOID CELL
9
DIPLOID CELL
C. Developing and SUB-TOPIC 1: STAGES OF MITOSIS The teacher may first discuss
Deepening 1. Explicitation the lesson about cell cycle and
Understanding A. Ask the students to answer the following questions: its phases. The cell cycle
a. What is mitosis, and why is it important? includes gap phase 1 (G1),
___________________________________________________________________ synthesis (S), gap phase 2 (G2),
___________________________________________________________________ mitosis, and cytokinesis. G1, S,
___________________________________________________________________ and G2 constitute the
b. What are the steps of mitosis, and what happens in each? interphase, and mitosis and
___________________________________________________________________ cytokinesis together are called
___________________________________________________________________ the M phase. Cytokinesis is the
___________________________________________________________________ phase of the cell when the
___________________________________________________________________ cytoplasm divides, creating two
___________________________________________________________________ daughter cells.
B. Stages of Mitosis. Ask the students to watch the video about mitosis and Link for Lecture:
meiosis in the link provided: https://vcell.science/project/m
https://www.mometrix.com/academy/cellular-division-mitosis-and- itosis
meiosis/
10
From the video provided, draw a cell in each of the following stages of The teacher provides the
mitosis. Provide the major events in each stage. worksheet for this activity. After
a defined period, they will ask
Stage in Mitosis Major Events students to share their
Prophase Important events… answers.
11
Anaphase Important events…
C. Learner’s Guide
12
Figure 2. Stages of mitosis
Prophase
- is the stage of chromosome replication. The chromosomes condense
and the spindle forms; the nucleus disassembles, the nuclear envelope
breaks up, and the spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes.
Metaphase
- is the step in which the chromosomes formed in prophase move to the
middle of the cell. These chromosomes line up along the equator of the
cell.
Anaphase
- is where the chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the
cell. Shortening spindle fibers separate the chromosomes.
13
Telophase
- the nucleus reforms and a membrane appear between each mass of
chromosomes. This newly formed membrane divides the cytoplasm.
Once this is completed, the two separate cells repeat the process.
2. Worked Example
The teacher provides the
A. Mitosis Matching (Individual Activity) worksheet for this activity. After
Instruction: Pair the phase of mitosis with the corresponding description a defined period, they will ask
given below. Write your answer in the blank provided. The students may use students to share their
each phase more than once. answers.
This activity will allow students
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase to learn the different stages of
Telophase Cytokinesis mitosis and basics of meiosis
_______________ 1. The sister chromatids are moving apart. through a video.
_______________ 2. The nucleolus begins to fade from view. Key to Correction:
_______________ 3. The cell plate is completed.
1. Anaphase
_______________ 4. The spindle is formed.
2. Prophase
_______________ 5. The chromosomes become invisible.
_______________ 6. The chromosomes are located at the equator of the cell. 3. Cytokinesis
_______________ 7. Cell division is completed. 4. Prophase
_______________ 8. The nuclear membrane begins to fade from view. 5. Telophase
_______________ 9. The division (cleavage) furrow appears. 6. Metaphase
_______________ 10. The chromosomes are moving towards the poles of the cell. 7. Cytokinesis
_______________ 11. Chromatids line up along the equator. 8. Prophase
_______________ 12. The reverse of prophase. 9. Anaphase
_______________ 13. The organization phase. 10. Anaphase
_______________ 14. A new nuclear membrane is forming around chromosomes. 11. Metaphase
_______________ 15. The cytoplasm of the cell is being divided. 12. Telophase
13. Prophase
14
B. Figure It Out (Individual Activity) 14. Telophase
Instruction: Answer the following questions based on your understanding 15. Cytokinesis
of the lesson.
a. A mosquito cell in interphase has six chromosomes. How many
sister chromatids does the same cell have during metaphase?
Explain.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
b. A human cell in early prophase has 46 chromosomes. How many
chromosomes does one of the daughter cells have immediately after
mitosis and cytokinesis?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Guided Questions:
b. Identify and describe the cells in prophase. What features indicate
that they are in this stage?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
15
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
d. Describe the cells in anaphase. How can you tell they are in this
stage?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
e. What are the key features of cells in telophase?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
16
Materials Needed:
Setting the Stage: • Play-Doh or modeling
• Lay out the clear space and designate specific areas to represent clay (different colors if
different stages of mitosis (e.g., prophase, metaphase, anaphase, possible)
telophase). • Popsicle sticks or
• Use string or yarn to divide these areas to mimic cell boundaries. toothpicks
• String or yarn
Representing Mitosis Stages: • Clear space (table or
• Prophase: Place the chromosomes (Play-Doh balls) randomly within floor)
the cell area. Use popsicle sticks or toothpicks to simulate the spindle • Images or diagrams of
fibers by placing them between the chromosomes. mitosis stages for
• Metaphase: Arrange the chromosomes in a line along the center of the reference
cell using string or yarn as a guide.
• Anaphase: Pull the chromosomes apart to opposite sides of the cell.
Show the splitting of the chromatids and their movement.
• Telophase: Cluster the separated chromatids at opposite ends of the
cell, representing the formation of new nuclei. Use additional Play-
Doh to show the formation of a cleavage furrow or cell plate to divide
the cell into two.
Guided Questions:
Prophase:
a. What happens to the chromosomes during prophase?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
b. Why are the chromosomes condensed and scattered during this
phase?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
17
Metaphase:
c. How are the chromosomes aligned during metaphase?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
d. What is the significance of this alignment in mitosis?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Anaphase:
e. What occurs to the chromatids during anaphase?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
f. How does this stage contribute to cell division?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Telophase:
g. What changes are observed in telophase compared to the earlier
stages?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
h. Why is the formation of new nuclei crucial for cell division?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
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3. Lesson Activity The teacher provides the
worksheet for this activity. After
Mix and Match: MITOSIS Version (Individual Activity) a defined period, they will ask
Instruction: Cut out the four diagrams and descriptions of the stages of mitosis students to share their
and stick them on bond paper in the correct order. answers.
Stage: __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
The chromosomes line up randomly on the
e__ __ __ __ __ __ of the cell. They attach to
the s__ __ __ __ __ __ f__ __ __ __ __ by their
c__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __.
Stage: __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
The chromosomes in their
r__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ form, consist of two
sister c__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ joined by a
c__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __. In this stage, the
chromosomes c__ __ __ __ __ __ __, giving a
shorter and thicker appearance. The nuclear
e__ __ __ __ __ __ __ also breaks down. The
centriole divides and the two centrioles move
to opposite p__ __ __ __ of the cell.
A s__ __ __ __ __ __ starts to form between the
two centrioles. The spindle fibers are made
from a protein called t__ __ __ __ __ __.
19
Stage: __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
The separated chromosomes reach the
opposite p__ __ __ __ of the cell.
A n__ __ __ __ __ __ envelope forms round the
two sets of duplicated chromosomes. The two
n__ __ __ __ __ __ that form are
i__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ to one another. After
mitosis, c__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ occurs,
where the cell splits into two separate cells.
Stage: __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
The c__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ joining the two
sister chromatids splits as proteins called
motor proteins walk along the spindle fibers
in opposite directions. This causes the
chromatids, now called
c__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __,
to be pulled a__ __ __ __ to the opposite poles
of the cell.
20
SUB-TOPIC 2: MEIOSIS The teacher provides the
worksheet for this activity. After
Explicitation (Paired Activity)
a defined period, they will ask
students to share their
Guided Questions:
answers.
1. What is meiosis, and why is it important?
_________________________________________________________________________ This activity will allow students
_________________________________________________________________________ to learn the different stages of
_________________________________________________________________________ meiosis through a video.
2. What are the steps of meiosis, and what occurs in each?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Learning Activities:
Engage: The student will watch the video or listen to the audio file about meiosis The teacher provides the
in the link provided. worksheet for this activity. After
Link: https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Meiosis a defined period, they will ask
students to share their
Guided Questions: answers.
1. What is the purpose of meiosis in organisms?
This activity will allow students
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________ to learn the basics of meiosis
_________________________________________________________________________ through audio/visual material.
21
3. What are the key takeaways from understanding meiosis?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Learner’s Guide:
22
MEIOSIS I
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
23
Telophase I & Cytokinesis
MEIOSIS II
Prophase II
• Spindles form.
• Nuclear envelopes break up.
Metaphase II
24
Anaphase II
Link: https://youtu.be/84jlwjvrJwY
Link (Pictures): https://ib.bioninja.com.au/standard-level/topic-3-genetics/33-
meiosis/stages-of-meiosis.html
25
2. Worked Example The teacher provides the
worksheet for this activity. After
Meiosis Matching (Individual Activity) a defined period, they will ask
Instruction: Pair the following events with their appropriate phase in meiosis students to share their
and write your answer in the blank provided. Some stages can be used more answers.
than once or not at all.
This activity will allow students
to learn the different stages of
a. Prophase I e. Prophase II
b. Metaphase I f. Metaphase II meiosis through a video.
c. Anaphase I g. Anaphase II Key to Correction:
d. Telophase I/Cytokinesis h. Telophase II/Cytokinesis 1. b
2. h
_______________ 1. Homologous chromosomes line up at the equator 3. e
_______________ 2. Daughter cells divide, forming 4 haploid cells 4. g
_______________ 3. Spindle fibers start to reach out to centromeres of sister 5. h
chromatids 6. a
_______________ 4. Sister chromatids separate 7. a
_______________ 5. Cytoplasm divides amongst daughter cells 8. d
_______________ 6. Crossing over occurs 9. f
_______________ 7. Spindle fibers start to reach out to centromeres of 10. c
homologous chromosomes 11. f
_______________ 8. Two daughter cells are created
_______________ 9. Sister chromatids move to opposite poles
_______________ 10. Homologous pairs separate
_______________ 11. Sister chromatids line up along the equator
3. Lesson Activity
The teacher provides the
Mix and Match: MEIOSIS Version (Paired Activity) worksheet for this activity. After
Instruction: Cut out the stages of meiosis and descriptions, then stick them on a defined period, they will ask
a long bond paper in the correct order. students to share their
answers.
26
This activity will allow students
During my phase, the nuclear to learn the different stages of
envelope breaks down, a spindle meiosis through a video.
Prophase II
forms, homologous chromosomes
pair up and crossing over occurs.
27
My phase begins when the
chromosomes reach the poles.
Prophase I During my phase, the spindle
breaks down and cytokinesis
begins.
28
D. Making 1. Learners’ Takeaways Towards the end of the lesson,
Generalizations the students will complete the
Checking my Learnings tables to summarize their
A. Summarize the major differences between mitosis and meiosis in the table learnings on mitosis and
below: meiosis. It allows the learners
Mitosis Meiosis to identify their takeaways of
Crossing over the lesson.
When chromosomes
split
Number of divisions
Number of cells
resulting
Number of
chromosomes in
daughter cells
Haploid or diploid?
29
C. Read each statement and write down on the line the stage of mitosis or
meiosis (I/II) in which the action occurs. If the action occurs in both, write
Both. The first one is done for you.
30
2. Reflection on Learning The students, at this point, will
reflect on their learning by
My Reflection Entry answering My Reflection Entry.
Guided Questions Your Opinion … This will allow them to map the
1. What key concepts key concepts they learned, how
did you learn about important the topics are in
mitosis and meiosis their everyday life, and the
in this lesson? important things to remember.
31
IV. EVALUATING LEARNING: FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT AND TEACHER’S REFLECTION NOTES TO TEACHERS
32
b. still in the nucleus 17. a. homologous
c. aligned at the equator chromosomes pair up
d. at one of two poles in the cell 18. b. 12
7. At the end of metaphase, _________. 19. c. move towards different
a. the spindles disappear centrioles
b. each centromere splits in half 20. d. briefly move to the
c. each chromosome becomes a pair of chromatids unattached to one outside of the cell
another 21. d. all of the above
d. B and C only 22. c. The chromosomes (if they
8. As anaphase begins, each matching chromatid is ________. did not do so at the end of
a. pulled towards a different centriole meiosis I) are copied.
b. pulled towards the same centriole 23. c. Both A and B.
c. pulled towards a different centromere 24. d. All of the above occurs in
d. pulled towards the same centromere anaphase II.
9. At the end of anaphase, ________. 25. d. All of the above occurs in
a. one side of the cell has received all of the chromatids telophase II.
b. the matching chromatids become attached at their centromeres once 26. b. one diploid cell, four
more haploid cells
c. a second equator is formed 27. d. 46, two, 23
d. each side of the cell has received a complete set of chromosomes 28. d. anaphase II
10. During telophase, a nucleus ________. 29. d. Separation of sister
a. forms around one of the two sets of chromosomes chromatids (occurs in mitosis)
b. forms around each set of chromosomes 30. c. Reproductive cells
c. forms in the center of the cell
d. forms near each set of chromosomes
11. Meiosis results in _____.
a. 2 haploid daughter cells
b. 4 haploid daughter cells
c. 2 diploid daughter cells
d. 4 diploid daughter cells
12. Which of the following cells undergo meiosis?
a. sperm cells
b. liver cells
33
c. unicellular organisms
d. all of these
13. Human body cells contain ________ chromosomes.
a. 23
b. 30
c. 36
d. 46
14. A cell containing the full complement of chromosomes is said to be a ______
cell.
a. haploid (or 1n)
b. haploid (or 2n)
c. diploid (or 1n)
d. diploid (or 2n)
15. A cell containing one-half of the normal complement of chromosomes is said
to be a ______ cell.
a. haploid (or 1n)
b. haploid (or 2n)
c. diploid (or 1n)
d. diploid (or 2n)
16. Crossing over ________.
a. allows chromosomes to move across the cell
b. increases genetic diversity
c. decreases genetic diversity
d. does not occur in human cells
17. Which of the following distinguishes prophase 1 of meiosis from prophase of
mitosis?
a. homologous chromosomes pair up
b. spindle forms
c. nuclear membrane breaks down
d. chromosomes become visible
18. A cell with a diploid number of 24 undergoes meiosis; how many
chromosomes are in each daughter cell?
a. 6
34
b. 12
c. 24
d. 48
19. In anaphase I, chromosomes in the homologous pair ________.
a. move toward the same centriole
b. have their centromeres split
c. move towards different centrioles
d. all of the above
20. In telophase I, the spindles _______.
a. move toward the center of the cell
b. pull chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell
c. replicate
d. briefly move to the outside of the cell
21. Cytokinesis ________.
a. usually occurs simultaneously with telophase I
b. yields two cells with equal amounts of chromosomes
c. forms two daughter cells
d. all of the above
22. What event DOES NOT take place in meiosis II?
a. The nucleus and nucleolus (if reformed at the end of meiosis I)
disappear.
b. The chromosomes (if uncoiling took place at the end of meiosis I)
recondense.
c. The chromosomes (if they did not do so at the end of meiosis I) are
copied.
d. The centrioles reappear.
23. In metaphase II, each centromere is attached to ________.
a. two different microtubules
b. microtubules leading to each chromosome
c. Both A and B.
d. Neither A nor B.
24. Which of the following DOES NOT occur in anaphase II?
a. The centromeres split.
35
b. The homologous pairs separate.
c. The sister chromatids are pulled towards opposite poles.
d. All of the above occurs in anaphase II.
25. Which of the following DOES NOT occur in telophase II?
a. The spindle fibers and centrioles disappear.
b. The nuclei and nucleoli begin to reform.
c. The chromosomes begin to uncoil.
d. All of the above occurs in telophase II.
26. Meiosis begins with ________ and ends in the formation of ________.
a. one haploid cell, four diploid cells
b. one diploid cell, four haploid cells
c. one haploid cell, two diploid cells
d. one diploid cell, two haploid cells
27. Thus, in humans, meiosis begins with one cell containing ________
chromosomes and ends with ________ cells containing ________
chromosomes.
a. 23, four, 46
b. 46, four, 23
c. 23, two, 46
d. 46, two, 23
28. During what phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?
a. prophase I
b. telophase I
c. telophase II
d. anaphase II
29. One of these events does not take place during meiosis
a. One successive division without any DNA replication
b. Crossing over
c. Segregation of homologous chromosomes
d. Separation of sister chromatids
30. The meiotic division takes place in
a. Somatic cells
b. Nerve cells
36
c. Reproductive cells
d. Bone cells
37
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7. Stages of Meiosis (Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I)
(8 points)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
8. Stages of Meiosis (Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase
II) (8 points)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
strategies explored
materials used
learner engagement/
interaction
others
38
C. Teacher’s Reflection guide or prompt can be on:
Reflection ▪ principles behind the teaching
What principles and beliefs informed my lesson?
▪ students
What roles did my students play in my lesson?
39