Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MBCHB
MBCHB
1 Course Structure
a. Course duration
i) The programme should extend over a period of not less than 6 years;
ii) An academic year could either be divided in semesters or terms;
iii) The first three years will be regarded as pre-clinical years and the
others as clinical years;
iv) The duration of the programme should not be more than 12 years.
b. Units/credit system
The minimum credit hours for a unit course will be equivalent to 15 hours of lecture,
30 hours of tutorial hours and 45 hours for practicals. The programme should not
exceed 40 weeks of teaching per year.
The programme will be weighted 220 units in 6 years. One unit of medical courses
is equivalent to one week of teaching. Teaching should not exceed 40 weeks in a
year. The examination period is expected to cover another 2 weeks.
c. Examination regulations
i) Certification will be an MBChB Degree.
ii) Distribution of marks will be specified by individual institutions.
However, continuous assessment should cover 30-50% of the final
mark;
iii) The pass mark will be 50%;
iv) It is mandatory to pass clinical examinations in order to proceed into
the next year of study;
v) MBChB Degree is not classified.
Grading
• 75 -100% A (Distinction)
• 65- 74% B (Credit)
• 50 - 64% C (pass)
• 0-49%: F (Fail)
Clinical Courses
l. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 8
2. Child Health and Paediatrics 14
3. Internal Medicine 14
4. Reproductive Health 14
5. Surgery 14
6. Medical jurisprudence and Applied Toxicology 3
Pre-Clinical
1. Introduction to Computers 2
2. Human Anatomy 14
3. Medical Biochemistry 12
4. Medical Physiology 12
Behavioural and Social Sciences (Anthropology, Sociology and
5. 3
Psychology)
6. Nutrition and Dietetics 2
7. Communication Skills for health workers 3
8. University common courses 15
Total 63
Pathology/Laboratory Medicine
1. Microbiology and Parasitology 8
2. Immunology 3
3. General and Systemic Pathology 10
4. Haematology and Blood Transfusion 3
5. Clinical Chemistry 3
Total 27
Special subjects
1. Medical Jurisprudence and Applied Toxicology 3
2. Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine 3
3. Otorhinolaryngology 3
4. Ophthalmology 3
5. Dermatology and Venereology 3
6. Orthopaedics and Traumatology 6
7. Radiology and Imaging 3
8. Medical Electives 6
Total 30
Senior Clerkships
1. Senior Clerkship: Mental Health 8
2. Senior Clerkship: Child Health and Paediatrics 7
3. Senior Clerkship: Internal Medicine and Geriatrics 7
4. Senior Clerkship: Reproductive Health 7
5. Senior Clerkship: General Surgery 7
6. Medical Ethics, Professional Conduct and Medico-Legal Issues 3
Total 39
GRAND TOTAL 220
iii) Students seeking the transfer must have satisfied the requirements and
passed all the relevant courses, with the results reflected in an official
transcript;
iv) The student should present a letter from the Dean in their previous institution;
v) The students seeking transfers should have taken the course not more than
three years prior to their seeking of credit transfer;
vii) The Medical Practitioners and Dentists Board shall be concurrently notified
of the credit transfers.
1. Course weighting;
2. Course purpose;
3. Course outcomes;
4. Course Content.
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with computer knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary for
learning, health care delivery and research.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
a) Describe the classification and components of computer system.
b) Apply the principles of computer operating systems and information
processing.
c) Apply common computer software packages for word processing
and data management.
d) Apply the skills of computer technology in learning, delivery of
health care and research.
3. Course Content
Classification of computers: Microcomputer; minicomputer; palm computers;
main frame computer; supercomputers; Hardware, and software: Input
devices: monitor; mouse; voice data entry; light pen; scanner; key board;
1. Course Purpose
To describe the normal topographic, microscopic and developmental anatomy of
tissues and organs of the human body, as a foundation for medical training.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
3. Course Content
Cell: cell theory, cell structure and organelles; cell functions and functional
specialization, cell cycle regulation and disorders.
B. Systemic Anatomy
1. Course Purpose
(See number 1 on page 10)
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, students should be able to
Topographic Anatomy
Lower Limbs: Bones, joints, muscles, nerves and vessels. Layers and arches
of the foot. Mechanism of walking
Upper limb: Bones, joints, muscles, nerves and vessels. Breast, features,
blood supply and lymphatic drainage. Scapular region and shoulder joint
complex. Axilla; boundaries and contents. Formation and distribution of
the brachial plexus. Cubital fossa; boundaries and contents. The hand;
palmar spaces, intrinsic muscles, arterial arches, finger movements and
prehension
Head and neck: features, foramina and aspects of the skull. Layers, blood
vessels, nerves, lymphatics and applied anatomy of the scalp and the face.
Cranial fossae, meninges, dural venous sinuses and hypophysis cerebri.
Boundaries and contents of the orbit. Optic nerve and visual pathways.
Nasal cavity- boundaries, nasal conchae, paranasal sinuses and olfactory
pathways. Ear - features of the external ear, tympanic cavity and inner ear.
Neck - boundaries and contents of the triangles. Fasciae - investing, carotid
sheath, pretracheal and prevertebral. Pharynx - layers and subdivisions,
nerves and vessels. Larynx - cartilages, muscles, nerves, vessels and the
internal features. Trachea – cartilages, muscles, nerves, vessels.Thyroid and
parathyroid glands. Oral cavity; organization of the tongue, palate, gums
and the salivary glands and teeth . Root of the neck; subclavian vessels,
jugular system and the scalene triangle
Pelvis: Walls and dimensions, male and female bony pelvis. Pelvic
diaphragm, attachments, relations, nerves and vessels. Perineum;
urogenital triangle, external genitalia, anal canal and ischiorectal fossae.
Urinary bladder surfaces, relations, blood, nerve and lymphatic supply.
Rectum: relations, blood, nerve and lymphatics supply. Uterus, ovaries
and vagina; features, position, relations, vessels and nerves Prostate;
lobes, capsules, relations, vessels and nerves. Male and female urethra;
parts and features. Seminal vesicles; position and features. Sacral plexus
and the pelvic vessels
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge of the chemical composition and processes
of the normal human body, their regulation and the composition of the various
biological agents the body encounters.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
3. Course Content
Basic Chemistry
Biomolecules
Intermediary metabolism
Steroid metabolism.
Chemical microbiology
Molecular virology: Classification and properties of viruses. Replication and
life cycle. Interferons, oncogenes and oncogenic viruses. Viroids and prions
Bacterial biochemistry: cell wall structure of gram positive and gram negative
bacteria. The lipopolysaccharide molecule, bacterial toxins and virulence
Bioterrorism.
Bio-chemical techniques
Introduction to basic bio-informatics and biotechnology
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with the knowledge required to understand the normal
functioning of the human body.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
3. Course Content
Physiological Concepts and processes
Body Tissues
Nervous tissue: Neuronal types, structure and function, Membrane
potentials, Bernstein’s theory, Donan-Gibbs equilibrium, Nernst equation
and the Goldman constant field equation. Action potential: generation’
Systemic Physiology
Cardiovascular system: Functional organization of the heart and the blood
vessels, Physics of flow in tubes and haemodynamics. Electrical activity of
the heart and the electrocardiogram. Blood volume, cardiac output and
blood pressure. Integrated control mechanisms. Response to exercise and
training. Haemorrhage and shock. Fetal and neonatalcirculation; Circulation
through special regions.
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge of the psychosocial, cultural, and environmental
influences on behaviour, health, and disease processes.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of this course, students should be able to:
b) Describe the life cycle (birth through senescence) and the development
of the person.
3. Course Content
Basic principles
Personality
Interactions between the patient and the physician or the health care
system.
1. Course Purpose
To equip students with knowledge on nutrition and dietetics in health and disease.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
Malnutrition
Overview of causes: Protein energy malnutrition (pEM); Nutritional Anaemia;
Vitamin deficiency disorders and toxicities; mineral deficiencies and
toxicities; Iodine deficiency disorders: Overnutrition (obesity); Underlying
causes of malnutrition (Food Security, Care and Public Health Factors):
Synergism between malnutrition and infections and its effects on mental
and physical growth and development of children.
Nutrition Diagnosis
Causes of malnutrition
Nutritional policies within the health sector(including HIV / AIDS and infant
feeding)
1. Course Purpose
To enable the graduate develop the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary
for effective and sensitive communication with patients, families, care givers
professional colleagues and other stakeholders.
2. Course Outcomes
a) Explain the theories and principles of relating to human communication
3. Course Content
Concept and principles of human communication: verbal and non-
verbal communication; Language; Interviewing; definition, environment;
behaviour, techniques. Interview; recording reproduction.
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge of microorganisms and its application to the
practice of medicine.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
Genetics
Epidemiology
Oncogenic viruses
Mycology
Medical Parasitology
Medical entomology
1. Course Purpose
This course aims at equipping the student with knowledge of the organization and
function of the immune system in health and disease.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
1. Course Purpose
This course aims at equipping the student with knowledge of the etiology and
pathophysiology of disease.
2. Course Outcomes
3. Course Content
Cell types, growth and differentiation, cell and tissue injury, types
(including drugs and Irradiation, trauma) and adaptation
Classification of neoplasms
Systemic pathology
Respiratory system
Gastrointestinal system
Renal/urinary system
Reproductive system
Endocrine system
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge of haematological, and lymphoreticular
disorders and their management including blood transfusion.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of this course, the student should be able to:
3. Course Content
Normal Hematological system
Haemopoiesis: erythropoiesis, haemoglobin, metabolism of nutritional
factors in production and function of erythrocytes (especially iron, vitamin
B 12 and folate); erythrocyte function; leucopoiesis, function of leucocytes;
thrombopoiesis and function of platelets; Lymphoreticular system, spleen
function and role; Haemostasis: Normal haemostatic function, role of
platelets and vascular endothelium, coagulation system, fibrinolysis, natural
inhibitors of coagulation. Laboratory evaluation of haemostasis; Blood
groups and blood group serology especially ABO, Rhesus blood groups;
significance of blood groups; Blood Transfusion Service.
Disorders of haemostasis
Thrombotic disorders
Neoplastic disorders
Acute leukaemias -acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, acute myeloid leukaemia
Blood transfusion
Clinical indications and use of blood and blood components/products
Compatibility testing
Routine investigations
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge of the biochemical basis of disease
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
3. Course Content
Specimen collection, processing and analysis; instrumentation and point
of care testing; interpretation of results; biostatistics in clinical chemistry:
clinical sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and efficiency of a test, test
selection; quality assurance
Bone metabolism
Purine metabolism
Renal disorders: Biochemical tests in acute and chronic renal failure, renal
osteodystrophy, biochemical monitoring of dialysis and renal transplant
patients, renal calculi
2. Course Outcomes
On completion of the course, the student shall be able to:
3. Course Content
Introduction to basic concepts and terminologies
Demography
Principles of demography
Population, growth rate, mortality rate, fertility, migration
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge of disease occurrence its’ determinants and
its application in health care research.
2. Course Outcomes
On completion of the course, the student shall be able to:
a) Describe and apply the concepts of epidemiology and its role in the
identification and solving of health problems in the community
3. Course Content
Introduction to concepts and principles of epidemiology
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with the knowledge of the relationship between the environment
and health.
2. Course Outcomes
By the end of the course the student will have learnt and will be able to:
3. Course Content
Principles of Environmental Health
Food Sanitation
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge of the relationship between occupation,
workplace and health.
2. Course Outcomes
By the end of the course the students will be able to:
3. Course Content
Introduction to Occupational Health
Chemical hazards
Physical agents
Ergonomic hazards
Radiation hazards.
2. Course Outcomes
On completion of the course, the graduate shall be able to:
3. Course Content
Principles and theories of leadership and management
Leadership and Management concepts
Introduction to Leadership and Management; concepts, theories, styles,
practices; Relationship between leadership and management; roles and
functions.
Organizational structures
Organizational structure of the health care system; structures, functions;
Health services delivery; levels of service, health services at each level,
actors, cadres, referral system.
Project Management
Principles, concepts, the importance of planning: Project Planning: Types of
plans; planning process.
Governance
Governance policy and operational documents, constitution, structures;
operations.
Performance improvement
Performance appraisal
Quality management
Operations management.
1. Course Purpose
To equip the students with knowledge of entrepreneurship and its application to
their well being.
2. Course Outcomes
By the end of the course, the student should be able to:
a) Describe what is entrepreneurship and its fundamental concepts.
b) Describe the processes involved in starting a new business.
c) Describe alternative ways of investment and entrepreneurial financing.
3. Course Content
Fundamental concepts of entrepreneurship: evaluating business
opportunities: market opportunity; idea conception; business models
and planning, sources of value; resources and risk taking; drivers of
long-term competitive advantage
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with the knowledge and skills to undertake a scientific
research and utilize research findings.
2. Course Outcomes
By the end of the course the students will be able to:
a) Explain the scope of scientific enquiry
b) Write a research proposal
c) Collect data, analyse and interpret results
d) Discuss and disseminate research findings.
Definition; nature of; use and application; scientific enquiry; concept, nature
and process.
Types of research
Proposal design
Disseminating of findings
Report writing:
1. Course Purpose
To expose the student to the practical aspects of the overall functioning and
management of health and health care systems in a county.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the attachment, the student should be able to:
3. Course Content
Integrated programmes
Functions of: Kenya Expanded program for Immunization (KEPI). Essential
Drugs program (EDP), AIDS Awareness program, SID Control program
Social medicine-provision of health services to the under privileged: the
aged, motherless babies, destitute and relief measures.
Attachment Practicum
Visit to a Board accredited institution – commodity and supplies
management; 3 weeks attachment in management position (County
Hospital) and cover the following topics – Financial management, HR
management, quality assurance.
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with medical knowledge for application in the legal field.
2. Course Outcomes
a) To describe the collection and analysis of medical samples for use in
the legal system
i) Liability.
3. Course Content
Samples
Appropriate specimen collection, preservation, security, analysis/processing,
transportation and reporting.
Contested parentage
Counselling, legal aspects, medical and forensic management.
Laws in Medicine
All relevant laws and acts related to medical practice; Health Bill; human
tissue act (CAP 253) and public health act; Sexual offences act, Abortion
act, Children’s act.
1. Course Purpose
To equip students with knowledge in principles of basic and clinical pharmacology.
A. Basic Pharmacology
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
a) Discuss the general principles of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic
processes
b) Describe the general properties of autacoids, neurotransmitters and
endocrine, anti infectives, anti neoplastic agents.
3. Course Content
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Viral infections and their treatment including Herpes, Varicella and HIV,
HPV
B. Clinical pharmacology
1. Course Purpose
(See number 1 on page 52)
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course, the students should be able to:
3. Course Content
Cardiovascular drugs
Dermatological drugs
Gastrointestinal drugs
Drugs for peptic ulcer disease - antacids, cytoprotective agents, H2 antagonists
and proton pump inhibitors. Antibiotic treatment to eliminate H. pylori
Genitourinary drugs
Drugs for urinary incontinence – anticholinergics, antidiuretic hormone
analogues
Anti-microbial agents
Anti-convulsants
Antiparkinsonian drugs
Respiratory Drugs
Clinical Toxicology
Concepts of drug toxicology: Therapeutic index; adverse drug reactions;
“predictable” versus unexpected toxic actions of drugs, management of
adverse reactions
Regulations
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to manage
child health and paediatric problems.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of this course, the student should be able to:
3. Course Content
Principles of new born care
Resuscitation\birth complications including birth asphyxia, meconium
aspiration syndrome and prematurity; Congenital anomalies; feeding
of new born; pathopysiology and management of common neonatal
disorders; jaundice; temperature management; sepsis; haemolytic disease
of new born (ABO, Rhesus incompatibility), PMTCT.
Imaging: plain X-rays and basic contrast studies, basic CT scan, ultra sound
imaging.
Screening programmes
1. Course Purpose
To equip students with knowledge, skills and attitudes in general and specific areas
of internal medicine.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
a) Make a diagnosis from relevant history, physical examination and
investigations.
b) Participate in the management of the common disorders in internal
medicine
c) Describe influence of ageing on medical conditions, particularly care
of the elderly.
3. Course Content
Clinical process
Focused history taking; comprehensive physical and mental examination;;
recording of clinical data; interpretation of findings; interpretation of results of
commonly done investigations including basic haematology, blood biochemistry,
urine and stool examination, X-rays, basic CT scans, electrocardiography, basic
contrast studies among others; clinical decision making based on the available
data; outline of patient management plan; case presentation, ultra sound.
Counselling
b. Cardiovascular disorders
Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease, valvular heart disease,
heart failure; chronic and acute including cardiogenic shock, arterial
hypertension; hypotension, coronary artery disease: risk factors; clinical
syndromes i.e. stable coronary disease, acute coronary syndromes; prevention
pericardial disease; acute pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial
effusion, pleural effusion and tamponade, venous thromboembolism; DVT,
pulmonary embolism, myocardial diseases; myocarditis, cardiomyopathies
(dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive) pulmonary hypertension; primary,
secondary e.g. cor pulmonale, infective endocarditis, dysrrhythmias,
peripheral artery disease HIV/AIDS associated cardiovascular disorders
congenital heart disease.
e. Gastro-enteric disorders
Oesophaeal disorders; esophagitis, GERD, motility disorders, oesophageal
varices, hiatus hernia o Peptic ulcer, gastritis, Pancreatitis; acute, chronic, Hepato-
bilary disease; Hepatitis; liver cirrhosis; metabolic liver disease; liver failure;
portal hypertension; Jaundice, prehepaic, hepatic, post hepatic; cholecystitis
and cholelithiasis, cholangitis, Small and large bowel disease; Crohn’s disease,
ulcerative colitis malabsorption syndromes, diarrhoeal disease, parasitic
infestations food poisoning, Peritonitis, ascites\ HIV/AIDS related disorders.
f. Renal disorders
Pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial
nephritis, transplant rejection; traumatic and mechanical disorders, obstructive
uropathy, Disorders involving metabolic, physiological, or regulatory processes:
renal failure, cortical and medullary necrosis, nephrotic syndrome, tubular
disorders, disorders of collecting system, renal calculi, Prostatic disorders;
neoplastic disorders: Wilm’s tumour, bladder carcinoma; vascular disorders;
effects of systemic disease on the kidney; fluid/electrolyte disorders; acid and
base balance, Management of end stage renal disease (transplant).
g. Rheumatological disorders
Connective tissue disorders, Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, polymaylgia rheumatica.
i. Infectious diseases
Epidemiology; prevention, clinical and community; socio-economic and cultural
dimensions, Mechanisms of disease; aetiology, transmission, pathology,
pathogenesis, natural history, behavioural and socio-cultural determinants,
clinical course and complications, General aspects; specific organisms and types
of infectious diseases; host responses e.g. inflammation, fever; Immunity (innate
and acquired); factors predisposing to infection, bacteraemia, septicaemia,
septic shock, toxic shock; nosocomial infections; bases for susceptibility
and resistance to antimicrobial measures, Specific infections, bacterial, viral,
parasitic, fungal, Principles of management and anti microbial treatment, acute
or emergency problems; septicaemia, septic shock; the immuno compromised
host, Fever of unknown origin.
k. Emergency medicine
Aetiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation prevention and
epidemiology of common medical emergencies; Epistaxis, airway obstruction,
status asthmaticus, tension pneumothorax, pulmonary oedema, acute
respiratory failure, pulmonary embolism, shock, arrhythmias, anaphylactic
reactions, Diabetic ketoacidosis, hypoglycaemis, thyroid storm, adrenocortical
crisis, urinary retention, hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia, acute renal failure,
status epilepticus, acute complicated malaria, acute psychotic state, meningitis,
carvenous sinus thrombosis, cerebbovascular accident, the unconscious
patient, acute poisoning, sickle cell crisis, septicaemia, snake bites, haemoptysis,
haematemesis, hypertensive emergency, acute coronary syndromes.
2. Course Outcomes
By the end of the course, the student should be able to:
3. Course Content
Obstetric anatomy and Reproductive Physiology: anatomy of male and
female reproductive organs; the menstrual cycle; spermatogenesis; sex
hormones; puberty; menopause and male climacteric; Normal pregnancy:
conception; foetal growth and development; and antepartum management;
Normal labour, delivery and puerperium, foetal death; Foetal and neonatal
physiology. Basic pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics and safety in
pregnancy
Communication skills.
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with the knowledge, skills and attitudes to manage surgical
problems.
2. Course Outcome
At the end of this course, the student should be able to:
a) Discuss the principles of surgery
b) Make diagnosis from relevant history, physical examination and
investigation
c) Perform and record routine clinical procedures
d) Participate in the management of common surgical problems.
3. Course Content
Principles of Surgery
Clinical process
Counselling
Research in Surgery
Role of research in the advancement of diagnosis, therapy and management
of surgical patients. Limitations of scientific underpinnings guiding diagnosis,
management and prevention of diseases:
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge, skills and attitudes to handle trauma,
orthopaedic emergencies and common orthopaedic problems.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of this course the student should be able to:
3. Course Content
Principles of Surgery
Clinical process
Counselling
Common fractures and fracture dislocations: soft tissue injuries. Grading and
types of fractures: first aid and transportation: management of patient with
multiple injuries: management of fractures; complications of fracture; fracture
healing. Response to trauma. Injuries to tendons, nerves, blood vessels; and
their management; Spinal injury and cord compression; neuro-vascular injury:
dislocations, fractures and fracture dislocations; soft tissue injuries Injuries
to tendons, nerves, blood vessels compartment syndrome, management of
patient with multiple injuries;
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with the basic principles of imaging and skills in
interpretation of radiological images and reports to enable them make
appropriate diagnosis.
3. Course Content
The scope and basic principles of diagnostic imaging techniques and modalities
interventional radiology
1. Course Purpose
To provide a foundation in ophthalmology to enable the graduate to manage basic
ophthalmic conditions and to know when to refer.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
a) Discuss the anatomy of the eye and the physiology of vision
b) Describe the human eye as an optical system
c) Explain the principles of common refractive errors and their correction
including refractive surgery
d) To take an ophthalmic history and perform a basic ocular examination
e) Demonstrate ability to correctly perform routine clinical procedures
and order appropriate investigations
f) To triage other ocular diseases
g) To participate in the management of the common ophthalmic disorders
Ocular Anatomy: Orbit; lids; conjuctiva; lymph nodes; lachrymal system; cornea;
anterior chamber; iris and pupil lens; vitreous; choroids and retina; Anatomy of
extraocular muscles including origin, course, insertion, innervation, and blood
supply; Normal alignment. Ocular physiology: Visual pathways; Oculomotor
pathways; Facial and trigeminal nerves; Autonomic pathways; Pupillary pathways
Aqueous humor physiology,
Clinical process
History taking; basic examination with flashlight; slit-lamp examination;
fundoscopy; visual fields by confrontation; summarized history; recording of
clinical data; interpretation of findings; case presentation.
Counselling
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge, skills and attitudes to handle common
otorhinolaryngology conditions.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of this course the student should be able to:
a) Discuss the principles of otorhinolaryngology.
3. Course Content
Principles of ORL
Review of anatomy of the ear, (outer, middle and inner), nose;nasopharynx
and paranasal sinuses,Larynx ,trachea and broncho-pulmonary tree, and the
oral cavity including congenital anomalies, The neck including lymphatics and
fascial planes; Physiology of hearing and the auditory pathway, balance and the
vestibular pathway.
Clinical process
Focused history taking; comprehensive physical examination and mental
examination; summarized history; recording of clinical data; interpretation of
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge, skills and attitudes in anaesthesiology and
critical care medicine.
3. Course Content
History of anaesthesia. Introduction to anaesthetic drugs and Anaesthetic
equipment: Anaesthetic machine and accessories; Anaesthetic techniques:
Local, regional and general anaesthesia; Preoperative assessment of the
patient: preoperative patient preparation and care of the anaesthetised patient;
Physiological monitoring of the anaesthetised patient: Cardiovascular system;
respiratory system; neurological system; and the other systems. Complications
of anaesthesia. Post-operative management: fluid, nutrition and pain
management. Postoperative patient care; shock and its management; Medical
legal and ethical issues in anaesthesia: the consent form; anaesthetic accidents;
anaesthetic death; Organisation of the intensive care unit. End of life decisions;
de-escalating care; counselling the patient, guardians, staff, delivering bad
news. HIV/AIDS; Basic anaesthetic procedures such as Insertion of IV -lines,
oropharyngeal airways, laryngeal mask airways, Endotracheal intubation,
Insertion of NG-tubes and Urethral Catherterization, including the indications
and complications Basic Life Support (BLS), Advanced Cardiac Life Support
(ACLS), Paediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS), ICU/ HDU layout, personnel
and equipment, criteria for admission, principles of ICU/ HDU management.
ICU patient management and cardiopulmonary/cerebral resuscitation.
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge, skills and attitudes to handle common
dermatology and veneral conditions.
3. Course Content
Bacterial infections of skin and soft tissues eg. impetigo, folliculitis;
Superficial fungal infections eg. candidiasis, mycoses, tinea; Viral e.g. herpes
simplex and zoster, warts, molluscum contangiosum; Parasitic eg. Scabies,
pediculosis, jiggers; Sexually transmitted diseases; Skin manifestations of
HIV and AIDS infection; Immunologic and allergic disorders eg. contact
dermatitis, atopic eczema, urticaria, drug reactions; Inflammatory disorders:
Psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, acne.
Dermatologic therapeutics
Topical medications: types of formulations and vehicles (cream, ointment,
paste, powder, lotion, solution, suspension, gel, tincture, collodion and
aerosol), their effects and indications according to the skin condition,
its location, spectrum of inflammation and age of the patient; Principles
sustaining the prescription of the topical and systemic medications;
Selected synthetic wound dressings (hydrocellular, hydrogel, hydrocolloid,
hydrofiber, activated charcoal silver, alginate, silicone, Unna’s boot, protease
modulating, activated polyacrylate) and their formal indications, in particular
in the setting of leg ulcers; therapeutic modalities in dermatology
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with knowledge and skills that will enable them to identify,
manage and refer mental disorders and promote mental health.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of the course the student should able to:
3. Course Content
Psychiatric formulation, mental state examination; respect, empathy,
responsiveness, and concern regardless of the patient’s problems or personal
characteristics; psychotherapy; counselling; team concept in management
of patients; psychopharmacology; alternative forms of therapy
1. Course Purpose
To equip the student with the knowledge of ethical and medico-legal issues of the
practice of medicine.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of this course, the students should be able to:
a) Discuss the ethical principles and values which underpin the practice
of good medicine and medical research
d) Discuss the concept of Life, Death, Dying and Killing and apply ethical
principles in Medical research Recognize vulnerabilities created by
the duties of doctors and medical student
3. Course Content
Ethical principles and values
Definitions: ethics, morality, professionalism; characteristics of the medical
profession
Mental disorders and disabilities: Ethical and legal justifications for detention
and treatment without consent; conflicts of interests between patient, family,
and community
Prisoners and people in detention.
The ‘New Genetics: Legal, moral and ethical issues; Gene therapy; genetic
counselling; genetic testing and screening after birth: the risks of unwelcome
information and of genetic stigmatization; cloning: genetic versus personal
identity implications; transplantation, gender identity disorders.
Medical research
Individual rights, moral dilemma, and the interests of others. Therapeutic
and non therapeutic research; Professional and legal regulation of medical
Professional vulnerabilities
Public expectations of a medical doctor; the need for teamwork; the health
of doctors and students in relation to professional performance; responding
appropriately to clinical mistakes; whistle blowing. The law of negligence, MPDB
complaints and disciplinary procedures; risks, sources of help and duties to
disclose; human rights; medical ethics and the involvement of doctors in police
interrogation, torture and capital punishment.
Patient rights
Human rights bill, new constitution of Kenya, Article 20, 43, 53-57 etc., Helsinki
declaration, International recognition of human rights.
Health Acts.
1. Course Purpose
To provide students with opportunities to widen their curriculum based experiences
in areas of their interest which will be useful in their career.
2. Course Outcomes
At the end of this course the student should be able to:
a) Provide a report on their elective experience.
While every effort has been made to ensure that the list is as comprehensive
and as accurate as possible at the time of publication, the Board cannot
take any responsibility for omissions or commissions that may lead to the
acquisition of material not necessarily required for a particular course at any
given time. Furthermore, the Board stresses that the list provided here, is by no
means, an exhaustive one, and whereas every effort has been made to ensure
currency and accuracy, it remains the sole responsibility of course leaders at
every academic institution to provide proper guidance to students in ensuring
acquisition as well as purchase and reference to the most recent sources; books
as well as any other new developments in their respective areas of study.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
1. Aggarwal, Shalini (2009). Communications Skills. ANE Books.
COMPUTER STUDIES
3. Bjelland, Harley and Levy, Joseph R (1995). Create Your Own Virtual Reality
System. Windcrest; Pap/Dis edition.
2. Grimes, Deanna and Grimes, Richard (1994). AIDS and HIV Infection. Mosby’s
Clinical Nursing Series.
NURSING SKILLS
HUMAN ANATOMY
1. Sadler, Thomas W (PhD) (2009). Clinical Embryology for Medical Students.
Lippincott William and Wilkins.
2. Moore, Keith L and Persaud T. V. N (2011). The Developing Human: Clinical
Oriented Embryology: W B Saunders.
3. Moore, Keith L, Agur, Anne, M. R., Dalley II, Arthur, F (2013). Clinically Oriented
Anatomy. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
HISTOLOGY
1. Mescher, Anthony (2013). Junquiera’s Basic Histology: Text and Atlas,
(thirteenth Edition). Mc Graw-Hill.
2. Ross, Michael H and Pawlina, Wojciech (2005). Histology: A Textbook and
Atlas with Cell Molecular Biology. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
3. Snell, Richard (2005). Snell Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
4. Drake, Richard L, Vogl, Wayne A and Mitchell, Adam W M (2009). Grays
Anatomy for Students. Churchill Livingstone.
GROSS ANATOMY
1. Tixa, Serge (2008). Atlas of Surface Palpation: Anatomy of the Neck, Trunk,
Upper and Lower Limbs, 2e (Netter Basic Science). Churchill Livingstone.
2. Lumley, John S P (2008). Surface Anatomy The Anatomical Basis of Clinical
Examination. Churchill Livingstone.
3. Field, Derek and Hutchinson, Jane Owen (2012). Field’s Anatomy, Palpation
and Surface Markings. Butterworth-Heinemann.
4. Hansen, John T Netter’s Clinical Anatomy (2009)-with Online Access-(Netter
Basic Science). Saunders.
DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
1. Ghosh, R. N and Gupta, K. R (2010). Development Studies. Atlantic Publishers
and Distributors (P) Ltd.
2. Todaro,Michael (1999). Economics for a Developing World: An Introduction
to Principles, Problems and Policies for Development. Longman.
3. Sen, Amartya (2000). Development as Freedom. Anchor.
BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Nelson, Daniel and Cox, Michael (2012). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry:
W H Freeman.
2. Stryer, Lubert and Tymoczko, John (2002). Biochemistry Illustrated.
3. Murray, Robert and Bender, David (2012). Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry:
McGraw Hill Medical.
4. Lehniger, Albert and Nelson, David (2000). Principles of Biochemistry: Worth
Pub.
BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCES
1. William, Simon, J; Gabe, Jonathan and Michael Calman (2000). Health
Medicine and Society, Key Theories, Future Agendas (classic text). Routledge.
2. Gabe, Jonathan; Calnan, Michael and Bury, Michael (1991). The Sociology of
the Health Service: Routledge.
3. Yacorzynski, G. K (1951). Medical psychology: A Basis for Psychiatry and
Clinical Psychology. New York : Ronald Press Company.
4. Inglehart, Marita Rosch (1991). Reactions to Critical Life Events: A Social
Psychological Analysis: Praeger
5. Sargent, Carolyn (1996). Medical Anthropology: Contemporary Theory and
Method: Praeger.
IMMUNOLOGY
1. Bain, Barbara J (2006). Blood Cells: A Practical Guide: Wiley-Blackwell.
2. Harmening, Denise (2012). Modern Blood Banking and Transfusion Practices.
F A Davis Company.
3. Harmening, Denise (2008). Clinical Haematology and Fundamentals of
Haematosis. F A Davis Company.
4. Hillyer, Christopher; Silberstein, Leslie. Ness, Paul; Anderson, Kenneth; Roback,
John. (2006). Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine: Basic Principles and
Practice. Churchill Livingstone.
5. McCullough, Jeffrey (2004). Transfusion Medicine: Churchill Livingstone.
6. Klein, Harvey and Anstee, David (2014). Mollison’s Blood Transfusion in Clinical
Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell.
10. Grodner, Michelle; Roth, Sarah Long and Walkingshaw, Bonnie (2011).
Foundations and Clinical Applications of Nutrition: A Nursing Approach:
Mosby.
PHARMACOLOGY
1. Katzung, Bertram; Masters, Susan and Trevor, Anthony (2011). Basic and
Clinical Pharmacology: Mc-Graw Hil.l
2. Douglas, Graham; Nicol, Fiona and Robertson, Colin (2013). Macleod’s Clinical
Examination. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2009.
5. Garden, James. Bradbury, Andrew. Forsythe, John and Parks, Rowan (2012).
Principles and Practice of Surgery: Elsevier Health Sciences.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
1. Walker, Simon and Beckett, Geoffrey (2013). Lecture Notes: Clinical
Biochemistry. Wiley.
2. Gaw, Allan and Murphy, Michael (2013). Clinical Biochemistry: An Illustrated
Colour Text: Churchill Livingstone.
3. Bradley, John R (2009). Lecture Notes: Medical Genetics. Wiley-Blackwell.
4. Koay, E S C and Walmsley, Noel (1996). A Primer of Chemical Pathology:
World Scientific Publishing Company Inc.
5. Walmsley, R,N; et-al (1999). Cases in Chemical Pathology: A Diagnostic
Approach. World Scientific.
6. Walmsley, Noel (1996). Chemical Pathology: Interpretative Pocket Book:
World Scientific Publishing Company.
7. Vaughan, Victor Clarence (2011). Lecture Notes on Chemical Physiology and
Pathology: BiblioBazaar.
SYSTEMIC PATHOLOGY
1. Kumar, Vinay and Abbas, Abul (2009). Pathologic Basis of Disease: Saunders.
2. McGee, J.O’D; Wright, Nicholas, A (1992). Oxford Textbook of Pathology/
Vol 1, Vol 2 in Books A and B. Oxford University Press.
3. Harsh, Mohan (2005). Textbook of Pathology: Anshan Publishers.
4. Kemp, William and Burns, Denis (2007). Pathology: The Big Picture. Mc-
Graw Hill.
5. Slauson, O David; Cooper, Barry, J. (2002). Mechanisms of Disease: A Textbook
of Comparative General Pathology. Mosby.
6. Fenoglio-Preiser, M.C, et-al (2008). Gastrointestinal Pathology: An Atlas and
Text: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
7. Levinson, David; Reid, Robin, et-al (1992). Muir’s Textbook of Pathology.
Hodder Education.
RESEARCH METHODS
1. Taylor, Bev and Francis, Karen (2013). Qualitative Research in the Health
Sciences: Routledge.
2. Mugenda, Olive (1999). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques.
Nairobi: Acts Press.
3. Kothari, C.R (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques. New
Age International.
4. McKenzie, James, et-al (2011). An Introduction to Community Health: Jones
and Bartlett Publishers.
COMMUNITY HEALTH
1. McKenzie, James, et-al (2011). An Introduction to Community Health: Jones
and Bartlett.
2. Wood, C H; Glanvill, D. H and Vaughan, J. P (eds.) (1997). Community Health-
2nd Edition. Nairobi: AMREF.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
1. Graham-Smith, David and Aronson, Jeffrey (2002). Oxford Textbook of Clinical
Pharmacology and Therapy. Oxford University Press.
2. Kaztung, Bertram and Masters, Susan (2011). Basic and Clinical Pharmacology:
McGraw-Hill-Medical.
3. Rang, Humphrey and Dale, Maureen, et-al (2011). Rang & Dale’s Pharmacology:
Churchill Livingstone.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
1. Philip, Baker and Kenny, Louise (2011). Obstetrics by Ten Teachers. CRC
Press.
2. Monga, Ash (2011). Gynaecology by Ten Teachers. CRC Press.
3. Hanretty, Kevin (2009). Obstetrics Illustrated. Churchill Livingstone.
4. Hart, David and Norman, Jane (2000). Gynaecology Illustrated. Churchill
Livingstone.
CHILD HEALTH
1. Hay, William (2012). Current Diagnosis and Treatment Paediatrics -Twenty-
First Edition (Current Pediatric Diagnosis & Treatment): McGraw Hill.
2. Rudolf, Mary (2011). Paediatrics and Child Health: Wiley-Blackwell.
3. Kliegman, Robert (2011). Nelson Textbook of Paediatrics: Wiley Blackwell.
4. Glynn, Michael and Drake, William (2012). Hutchison’s Clinical Methods: An
Integrated Approach to Clinical Practice. Saunders.
INTERNAL MEDICINE
1. Colledge, Nicki and Walker, Brian (2010). Davidson’s Principles and Practice
of Medicine. Churchill Livingstone.
2. Kumar, Praveen and Clark, Michael (2012). Kumar and Clark’s Clinical
Medicine. Saunders.
3. Glynne, Michael and Drake, William (2012). Hutchison’s Clinical Methods: An
Integrated Approach to Clinical Practice. Saunders.
4. Douglas, Graham and Nicol, Fiona (2013). Macleod’s Clinical Examination.
Churchill Livingstone.
5. Longo, Dan; Fauci, Anthony, et-al (2011). Harrison’s Principles of Internal
Medicine. Mc-Graw Hill.
GENERAL SURGERY
1. Williams, Norman and Bulstrode, Christopher (2013). Bailey and Love’s Short
Practice of Surgery. CRC Press.
2. Lumley, J (1997). Bailey’s Physical Signs: Demonstration of Physical Signs in
Clinical Surgery. CRC Press.
3. Garden, James; Bradley, Andrew, et-al (2012). Principles and Practice of
Surgery. Churchill Livingstone.
4. Wilmore, Douglas (2001). ACS Surgery: Principles and Practice of Surgery.
WebMD Reference.
5. Tjandra, Joe; Clunie, Gordon, et-al (2006). Textbook of Surgery. Wiley-Blackwell.
6. Brunicardi, F; Anderson, Dana, et-al (2010). Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery
Self-assessment and Board Review. McGraw Hill-Professional.
7. Cameron, John and Cameron, Arthur (2013). Current Surgical Therapy.
Saunders.
8. Velasco, Jones, et-al (2011). Rush University Medical Centre Review of Surgery.
Saunders.
MENTAL HEALTH
1. Drake, Michael; Lynde, David, et-al (2005). Evidence-Based Mental Health
Practice. W W Norton and Company.
2. Sadock, Benjamin and Sadock, Virginia (2008). Kaplan and Sadock’s Concise
Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams and Wilcock.
3. Sadock, Benjamin; Sadock Virginia and Ruiz, Pedro (2009). Comprehensive
Textbook of Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams and Wilcock.
4. Black, Donald and Andreasen, Nancy (2010). Introductory Textbook of
Psychiatry: American Psychiatric Publishing.
5. Hossain, Fatemi and Clayton, Paula (2008). The Medical Basis of Psychiatry:
Humana Press.
6. Bhugra, Dinesh; Craig, Tom and Bhui, Kamaldeep (2011). Textbook of Cultural
Psychiatry. Cambridge University Press.
DERMATOLOGY
1. Habif, Thomas (1996). Clinical Dermatology: A Colour Guide to Diagnosis
and Therapy. Mosby.
2. Habif, Thomas, et-al. (2011). Skin Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment: Saunders.
3. Mann, Margaret, et-al (2009). Handbook of Dermatology: Practical Manual.
Wiley-Blackwell.
4. Pasricha, J. S. and Verma, Kaushal (2013). Treatment of Skin Diseases. JP
Medical Ltd.
5. Pasricha, J. S. and Gupta, Ramji (2013). Illustrated Text Book of Dermatology:
JP Medical Ltd.
6. Thaapa, Devinder Mohan (2009). Text Book of Dermatology, Venereology
and Leprology. Elsevier Health Sciences.
7. Neena Khanna (2002). Dermatology & Sexually Transmitted Diseases (PB).
CBS Publishers & Distributors.
OPTHALMOLOGY
1. Bartlett, Jimmy and Jaanus, Siret (2007). Clinical Ocular Pharmacology:
Butterworth-Heinemannn.
2. Gerstenblith, Adam and Rabinowitz (2012). The Wills Eye Manual: Office
and Emergency Room Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Disease. Lippincott
Williams and Wilkins.
3. Kanski, Jack and Bowling, Brad (2011). Clinical Ophthalmology: A Systematic
Approach. Saunders.
4. Kanski, Jack (2001). Parson’s Diseases of the Eye: Mosby.
5. Scheimann, Michelle and Wick, Bruce (2013). Clinical Management of
Binocular Vision, Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders.
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
DENTAL HEALTH
1. Bonner, Michael (2003). The Oral Health Bible. Basic Health Publications.
2. Breiner, Mark and Atkins, Robert (1999). Whole-body Dentistry: Quantum
Health Press.
3. Sutton, Anne ( 2008). Dental Care and Oral Health Sourcebook: Omnigraphics
Inc.
4. Sutton, Amy (2008). Dental Public Health: Contemporary Practice for the
Dental Hygienist. Omnigraphics Inc.
5. Nathe, Christine (2010). Contemporary Practice for the Dental Hygienist:
Prentice Hall.
6. Neil-Gehrig, Jill and Willmann, Donald (2008). Foundations of Periodontics
for the Dental Hygienist.Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
7. Haveles, Elena (2010). Applied Pharmacology for the Dental Hygienist. Mosby.
8. Ibsen, Olga and Phelan, Joan Andersen (2008). Oral Pathology for the Dental
Hygienist. Saunders.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
1. Kuratko, Donald (2008). Entrepreneurship Theory Process and Practice.
Cengage.
2. Drucker, Peter (2006). Innovations and Entrepreneurship. Harper Business.
3. Spinelli, Stephen and Adams, Rob (2011). New Venture Creation:
Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
THERAPEUTICS
1. Brunton, Laurence, et-al (2010). The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.
McGraw-Hill.
2. Katzung, Bertram, et-al (2011). Basic & Clinical Pharmacology: McGraw-
Hill.
3. Bennett, Peter, et-al (2012). Clinical Pharmacology: Churchill Livingstone.
4. Tripathi, K. D (2013). Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. Jaypee Brothers
Medical Pub.
26. Prof. Maged Lotfy - Senior Lecturer, Moi University Dental School
35. Prof. Francis G. Macigo - Acting Dean, Dental School University of Nairobi