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Product details

 Publisher : Cengage Learning; 10th edition (January 1, 2013)

 Language : English

 Paperback : 432 pages

 ISBN-10 : 1285077091

 ISBN-13 : 978-1285077093
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carried. The 12 pounder rocket carriage takes 50 bursters in each
limber box, and the small stores in a box on the body of the carriage
corresponding to the slow match box. The 6 pounder carriage takes
108 bursters in each limber box, and the small stores in a box which
is between the limber boxes. In mountain equipments the bursters
and small stores are carried in a box fitted to the pack saddle.
[24]Action front, rear, right, or left. Drive on. Load.
Elevate. Lower. Halt. Muzzle right, or left. Halt. Priming, and
Firing, as at Field guns.
 Plan of a Garrison Carriage.

A Sides or brackets K Stool bed

B Transom L Quoin
C Fore axletree a Transom bolt
D Hind axletree b Bed bolt
E Steps c Bracket bolts
F Quarter round or ovolo d Linch-pins
G Fore truck e Axletree hoops
H Hind truck f Stool bed bolts
I Trunnion hole g Eye or loop bolts
J Axletree arm
 Elevation of a Garrison Carriage.

Exercise of 24 Pounder, or siege rocket.

Disposition, and duties with seven men.

When the detachment is in action, the disposition and duties of the
numbers are the same as at the lighter natures.
Put the frame together at low order. Raise the frame.
Reeve the guys. Sling the rocket tube, and fix the angle.
Adjust the frame. Load. Traverse, when necessary, Muzzle
right, muzzle left. If greater alteration be required, than can be
given by means of the guys, the cheeks of the rocket frame are
moved in the named direction, Cheeks to the right, or left.
Elevate, when necessary. Priming, and Firing, as directed for Field
guns. When the frame is fixed at Low order, the prypole forms an
angle of 30 degrees with the horizon. If greater elevation than this be
required, the frame must be raised to High order—45 degrees
elevation; or higher still—50 degrees elevation.
Prepare to raise the frame to high order. Join the cheeks.
Raise the frame. Adjust the frame. Load, etc. Prepare to
strike the frame. Strike the frame.
 PA R T V I I .
REPOSITORY COURSE.
S E R V I N G , A N D W O R K I N G H E AV Y O R D N A N C E .

[25]

Part I.—Article 1.—Telling off the Detachments.

The men fall in two deep, and are told off on the same principle as
for field guns. No. 1 always commands his detachment.
A gun detachment being drawn up in line, two deep, No. 1 is the
right hand man of the front rank; No. 2 is the right hand man of the
rear rank; and No. 3 his front rank man; and so on.
The men must go through every part of the exercise in turn. At the
word “Change round” when there are seven men in a detachment,

No. 2 becomes 4 No. 1 becomes 7

4 ” 6 7 ” 5
6 ” 1 5 ” 3
3 ” 2
No. 3 shifting in front of the muzzle.

When there are only six men in a detachment,

No. 4 becomes 1
1 ” 6
6 ” 5
the rest as above.
 The detachments are told off on their private parades, and
marched to the battery. Arrived there, they are halted a few paces in
rear of the platforms, to the left of their respective guns, so as to be
covered by the merlons, and facing the parapet.
The commander then gives the caution, “Take post under cover of
the merlon;” and immediately afterwards the executive word, “To the
right face,” No. 1 after facing takes an oblique pace to the rear, on
the left of 3. At the word quick march, the detachments step off
except No. 1, who at first marks time until the detachment has past
him, and then follows in rear of 6. When the detachments are
opposite to the left corner of the platforms, the ranks open out on
each side of the guns, the rear ranks on the right, the front ranks on
the left—the whole outside of the platforms. Nos. 2 and 3 halt next to
the embrasure, as soon as they arrive at the parapet; 4, 6, and 1 halt
in succession on the right of 2; 5 and 7 on the left of 3. When all the
numbers have arrived at the parapet in the order here detailed, the
commander gives the word, “Right about face.”
The detachments are now in the position, which they should
always occupy in action, in a battery, unless actively employed in
their duties at the guns.
When there is no parapet, the command is given to “Take post at
the guns;” Nos. 2 and 3 halt in line with the muzzle of the piece; 4
and 5 in line with the trunnions; 6 and 7 with the vent; 1 the trail: the
whole outside of the platform and in echellon. The numbers should
never cover if they can avoid doing so.

The following general detail of duties for a detachment of seven

men is applicable to all natures of guns, from 18-pounders and
upwards, on any description of carriage whatever.

No. 1 commands, points, and primes.

3 loads, assists to ram home
2 searches, spunges, rams
shot and wad, runs up, and
home, runs up, and elevates.
elevates.
 5 supplies 3 with shot and wad, 4 clears the vent, serves it,
runs up, and traverses. pricks the cartridge, runs up,
and traverses.
7 supplies 3 with cartridge, 6 supplies 2 with side arms,
double-man’s his handspike, double-man’s his handspike,
serves 1 with tubes, and replaces 1’s handspike, and
fires. supplies 7 with cartridges,
(and 3 with shell when
required.)

The following general detail of duties for a detachment of six men,

is applicable to all natures of guns below 18-pounder, on any
description of carriage whatever.

No. 1 commands, supplies 2 with side arms, points, and primes.

3 loads, assists to ram home
2 searches, spunges, rams
shot and wad, runs up, and
home, runs up, and elevates.
elevates.
5 supplies 3 with cartridge, shot, 4 clears the vent, serves it,
and wad, runs up, and pricks the cartridge, runs up,
traverses. and traverses.
6 supplies 5 with cartridge,
replaces 1’s handspike,
serves him with tubes, and
fires.
Besides the men told off to each gun, there must be some at the
magazine, to fill and issue cartridges. When shells are fired, some
men must be appointed to fill them, and to cut and fix fuzes; No. 6
brings up shells to 3, who uncaps the fuze.
Guns are always laid under metal, i. e., at an angle of depression,
after exercise.
The following is a list of stores required for the service of heavy
ordnance in batteries:—
 One { to be placed on the right of the gun
spunge outside of 4, resting against the
One parapet; the spunge head,
{ rammer head, and the worm
rammer
uppermost, and just below the
One
{ interior crest.
wadhook
When there is no parapet the side arms must be laid on the
ground in the order above detailed, about two paces from the gun,
and parallel to it; the spunge and rammer heads to the front, and
supported to keep them free from gravel.
Five handspikes.—Two of these are placed on each side of the
platform close to the edge of it, the points towards the parapet; the
points of the front handspikes about two feet from the hurter, the
points of the rear ones overlapping inside to about the middle of the
front ones; the front handspikes for the use of 2 and 3, the rear ones
for the use of 4 and 5. The fifth handspike is placed close to the rear
of the middle of the platform, small end to the right, for the use of 1.
All bevelled handspikes are to be laid bevelled side upwards.

For the use of No. 4. The

One set of priming
priming irons to be placed
irons { in the loop on the right of
One thumbstall
the carriage.
One leather pocket with tubes.—The tube pocket must be
strapped on the left side of No. 7, who will keep it close shut.
One lanyard with hook for friction tubes in charge of No. 7, who
attaches it to the waist belt of the tube pocket; or, one hammer with
lanyard likewise in charge of 7, who fixes it to the gun, assisted by 1.
Shot, piled on the left of the gun, close to the front of the platform.
Wads, (if necessary,) close to the shot.
Broom, shovel, one or two for each battery.
Spade, pick, one per battery if thought necessary.
 Guns on dwarf and casemate traversing platforms require nearly
the same stores.
Two shod levers, in place of three common handspikes, and in
addition,
Two truck levers. Two scotches. One preventive rope.
Two luff tackles. With 8-inch guns and all above that calibre, the
tackles should consist of double blocks.
Guns on common traversing platforms require nearly the same
stores as those on dwarf platforms. When the four trucks are on, two
shod levers to be substituted for two truck levers.

Article 3.

TO SHIFT A GUN FROM THE FIRING TO THE TRAVELLING, OR

FROM THE TRAVELLING TO THE FIRING TRUNNION HOLES.
The wheels of the gun carriage and those of the limber should, if
possible, always be on a level and scotched. In shifting the gun
either way, it should only be lifted so high, as to keep the under side
of the trunnions clear of the cheeks of the carriage.
When the gun is in the travelling holes, the screw must be taken
out to prevent its being damaged; it is lodged in a place for it
between the cheeks. The gun roller is strapped to the hind part of the
centre transom.
Heavy guns on travelling carriages require the following number of
men for their service in the field:—

24-pounder 18 men }
besides non-commissioned
18 ” 14 ” }
officers,
12 ” 12 ” }
being necessary on the march for extricating them out of difficulties,
taking up positions, laying temporary platforms, placing planks under
the wheels and trail, to facilitate the working of the gun, &c., &c.
Prepare to shift the gun. Bear down. Lower. Lift, and
heave. Halt, lower the muzzle. Bear down. Lower. Strap on
the side arms and handspikes.

Article 4.

EXERCISE OF GUNS, ON SIEGE CARRIAGES.

The disposition, and duties of the detachments are the same as
detailed for guns on standing carriages; with the exception of the
application of the handspikes.
In addition to the stores, and side arms for the service of the gun,
a heavy gun in the field requires men’s harness, and dragropes, a
lifting jack, a set of intrenching tools, and three planks of a foot wide,
and ten or twelve feet long. There should be a lever, and fulcrums,
and prop, for every two guns; besides a gyn, rollers, tackles, and
ropes for every four guns. The side arms, handspikes, and planks
are strapped on the cheek; the gyn, rollers, tackles, &c., are carried
on a platform waggon.
Planks for temporary platform. When the ground is not very hard, it
will be found very necessary to lay planks under the wheels and trail
for the carriage to recoil on.

Article 5.

EXERCISE OF GUNS ON DWARF, AND CASEMATE TRAVERSING

PLATFORMS.
The disposition, and duties of the detachments are the same as at
page 174, with the following additions, viz., No. 1 guides the levers
whilst the gun is running back; Nos. 1, and 7 hold on the preventer
rope, and 4, and 5 guide the levers, whilst it is running up; Nos. 2, 3,
4, and 5 manage the truck levers, reeve the tackles, hook, and
unhook them.
[26]Prepare for action. Reeve the tackle, and fix the
preventer rope. Hook the tackles. Load. Run the gun up.
Ease off. Halt. After Pointing, Laying, Priming, and Firing——Run
the gun back. Heave. Halt. Unreeve the tackle, and take off
the preventer rope.

Article 6.

EXERCISE OF GUNS ON COMMON TRAVERSING PLATFORMS.

The disposition, and duties of the detachments, as at page 174.

Load. Run the gun up. Heave. Elevating, Traversing, Priming,
Firing, and Running back, as detailed for guns on dwarf, and
casemate traversing platforms.

Article 7.

DISPOSITION, AND DUTIES OF FIRING HOT SHOT, WITH SEVEN

MEN.

No. 1. commands, supplies 2 with side arms, points, and primes.

3 loads, puts a dry wad over the
cartridge, then a damp one,
2 searches, spunges, rams
(and a dry wad over the shot
home, assists to put in the
if necessary,) assists No. 2
shot, runs up, and elevates.
to ram home the dry wads,
runs up, and elevates.
5 supplies 3 with cartridges and 4 clears the vent, serves it,
wads, runs up, and pricks the cartridge, runs up,
traverses. and traverses.
7 brings shot from the furnace, 6 assists 7 to bring shot from
 and assists to put them in, the furnace, double-mans 2’s
double-mans 3’s handspike, handspike, and supplies 5
supplies 1 with tubes, and with cartridge, and wads.
fires.

With all kinds of traversing platforms, No. 3 receives the bearer

from 6 and 7, and assists 2 to put in the shot.
The gun is spunged in the ordinary manner, but the spunge must
be wetted, and the gun frequently cooled with it.
The same stores are required as for the service of heavy guns
with cold shot. Junk wads are indispensable, and those which are
used wet should be made of a low gauge.

Utensils required for the Shot.

One furnace or grate. One poker.
One moving tool. One rake.
One scraper. One shovel.
One pair of tongs.
One stand on which to place the shot, in order to scrape them.
One shot bearer per gun. Two tubs full of water, to soak wads,
cool tongs, &c. Two or three water buckets.
The furnace may be heated either with wood, or coals, or a
mixture of coal and coke, according to circumstances.
There should never be less than three men to attend the furnace,
even when the shot and wood are close at hand, and four will
generally be required, viz., one non-commissioned officer, or steady
man in charge to see that the reddest shot are served out and
replaced by cold ones, and to keep up such a fire as he may judge
necessary.
One man to light and attend the fire, and supply fresh fuel when
required.
 One to take out shot, lay them on the stand, scrape them, and
afterwards place them on a bearer.
One to supply the furnace with cold shot, and to bring fuel.

Loading.
The powder must be in a good flannel cartridge, which must
undergo the strictest examination, to see that there are no holes in it,
lest in setting it home any grains should fall out. The gun must be
elevated, in order that the shot may roll freely along the bore.
Load. Prepare to Load. Load.

ADDISON’S SHOT FURNACE.

This furnace will contain in three rows, alongside of each other,
fifteen 32-pounder, or eighteen 24-pounder, or twenty-one 18-
pounder shot.

To heat the furnace.

To heat the furnace, it takes of coals ½ a bushel, of coke 2½
bushels, and shavings for lighting it. It should be allowed twenty
minutes to light properly.

To heat the shot.

Fifteen 32-pounder shot being then put in, are heated in forty
minutes.

Order of using the shot.

The shot should be taken equally out of each row from the rear of
the furnace, and replaced by cold ones from the front.
After the furnace has been thoroughly heated, it will supply a new
batch of shot every twenty minutes.
The furnace should be placed to leeward, and as near the battery
as may be convenient, carefully selecting an open space, with as
great a draught as can be found. The draught-hole should be to
windward, and the furnace perfectly horizontal.

Article 8.

EXERCISE OF CARRONADES, 68-POUNDER, SEVEN MEN.

The disposition and duties are the same as detailed for the service
of heavy guns with seven men, in Articles 1 and 2. But as the
spunge stave is short, No. 2 receives it with his right hand at the
rammer head, and left near the spunge head, pushes it up to the
bottom of the chamber at once, spunges out, and proceeds as
directed for guns.
The shot weighing above ½ cwt. No. 2 assists 3 to put it into the
bore by means of a shot bearer, which they raise to the muzzle with
their outward hands, backs down, and their inward hands, backs up.

24 and 12-Pounders, Six men.

The disposition, and duties are the same as detailed for the
service of heavy guns with six men. See Articles 1, and 2.

Article 9.

EXERCISE OF GUNS, AND CARRONADES ON SHIP

CARRIAGES, WITH SEVEN MEN.
The disposition, and duties are the same as in the gun and
carronade exercises, but a few additional men are necessary for
manning the tackles.
The same stores as for guns on common traversing platforms,
with the exception of the four levers, and in addition, three
handspikes, and a breeching.
Fix the breeching. Hook the tackles. Run the gun in. Heave.
Halt. Spunge, and load, as detailed for guns on standing carriages.
Run the gun out. Heave. Halt. Elevating, Traversing, Priming and
Firing, as directed in Article 2.

Article 10.

GUNS, AND CARRONADES ON DEPRESSING CARRIAGES.

When, after being fired, the piece is to be loaded, it must be
brought to such a position that the spunge may be clear of the
ground, or sill of the embrasure. Short pieces, such as carronades,
and howitzers, are superior to guns for great depression, as they are
easily managed and quickly loaded.

Article 11.

EXERCISE OF 10 AND 8-INCH HOWITZERS, ON STANDING AND

SIEGE CARRIAGES, WITH SEVEN MEN.

No. 1 commands, supplies 2 with side arms, points, and primes.

3 loads, runs up, and elevates. 2 spunges, wipes the shell,
uncaps the fuze, puts the
shell up, runs up, and
elevates.
5 supplies 3 with cartridge, runs 4 clears the vent, serves it,
up, and traverses. pricks the cartridge, runs up,
and traverses.
7 prepares and brings up shells, 6 prepares and brings up shells,
assists to put them in, assists to put them in,
double-mans 3’s handspike, double-mans 2’s handspike,
supplies 1 with tubes, cuts replaces 1’s handspike,
and fixes fuzes, and fires. supplies 5 with cartridges,
cuts and fixes fuzes.
The same stores are required for the service of howitzers as for
that of guns, (substituting shells for shot,) and, in addition, a shell
bearer, a sheepskin, and a pair of setting up pincers.
The detachments take post as directed for guns.
Load. Shell. The howitzers are run up, elevated, traversed,
primed, and fired, as detailed for guns.

Article 12.

EXERCISE OF MORTARS.
The detachments are told off and numbered as detailed in Article
1. When they are to take post the commander gives the word, “Take
post at the mortars, to the right face.” No. 1, after facing, takes an
oblique pace to the rear on the left of No. 3. At the word “Quick
march,” the ranks open out and march on each side of the mortars,
as directed for guns. Nos. 2 and 3 halt in line with the muzzle; 4 and
5 with the trunnions; 6 and 7 with the rear of the bed; the whole
outside of the platform, and in echellon, except No. 1, who takes
post in rear of the platform.

Disposition, and Duties of Detachments, for 13 and 10-inch Mortars,

with Seven men.

No. 1 commands, hands the spunge to 2, points, and primes.

3 runs up, puts in the cartridge, 2 runs up, spunges, wipes the
assists to put in the shell, bottom of the shell, uncaps
and traverses. the fuze, assists to put the
shell in, and traverses.
5 runs up, supplies 3 with 4 runs up, clears the vent,
cartridge, and traverses. serves it, pricks the
cartridge, and traverses.
7 double-mans 3’s handspike, 6 double-mans 2’s handspike,
prepares and brings up prepares and brings up
shells, assists to put them in, shells, assists to put them in,
cuts and fixes fuzes, supplies 5 with cartridges,
cuts and fixes fuzes.
 supplies 1 with tubes, and
fires.
At 10-inch mortars, Nos. 2 and 3 are sufficient to put in the shell.

Disposition, and Duties of Detachments, for 8, 5½, and 4⅖-inch

Mortars, with Five men.

No. 1 commands, hands the spunge to 2, points, and primes.

3 runs up, puts in the cartridge, 2 runs up, spunges, wipes the
puts in shell, and traverses. bottom of the shell, uncaps
the fuze, and traverses.
5 prepares and brings up shells, 4 clears the vent, serves it,
cuts and fixes fuzes, pricks the cartridge, supplies
supplies 1 with tubes, and 3 with cartridges, cuts and
fires. fixes fuzes.

The shells ought always to be deposited behind traverses raised

for the purpose, or in other sheltered places, and one or two men,
according to circumstances, should be appointed to scrape and
clean the inside of them, and prepare them for the powder and
fuzes. There must also be men to weigh or measure out the charges
of powder, according to the directions of No. 1.
The following stores are required for the service of mortars:—
One spunge to be placed on the right of the mortar, the spunge
head to the front, and supported to keep it free from gravel.
One scraper for two mortars.
One cartridge case, for bringing up the cartridge; or a paper or
leather case, for loading when the powder is loose.
One beam hook, for 13-inch; One pair of hand hooks, for 10-inch.
One new pattern hand hook, or piece of cord, for 8-inch.
Four handspikes. Two on each side of the platform, as directed for
guns.
 Two pointing rods, or pickets.
One plummet with line, in charge of No. 1.
A piece of sheepskin, or an empty sand-bag for wiping the bottom
of the shell; to be placed on the right of the spunge.
One quadrant, One perpendicular, One fuze engine, for every four
or five mortars. One tube pocket. One lanyard with hook, for friction
tubes. One set of priming irons. One filling funnel. One cork screw.
One mallet. Two setters. Tow, or flax. Shells. Pound shot, or stones.
Bottoms for ditto. Valenciennes composition. Fuzes. Carcasses.
Light balls.

At the Magazine.
One budge barrel. One set of powder measures.
One set of weights and scales.

Prepare for action. Plant the pointing rods. Halt. Plant

the rod. Pointing rods are sometimes fixed in two and a half or
three inch planks, about seven or eight feet in length, prepared for
this purpose.
Mortars are run up by the same numbers, and in the same
manner, as guns on standing carriages, the handspikes being
applied under the running up bolts. Load. Put in the shell.
Traverse. Muzzle right. Heave. Halt. Muzzle Left. Heave. Halt.
If necessary—Cross lift the mortar to the right, (or left).
Heave. Down. Priming, and Firing, as detailed for guns, except that
No. 2, at the word “Ready,” takes the sheepskin out of the mortar,
and as well as No. 3 takes an oblique pace to the rear, to be clear of
the explosion.

Article 13.

FIRING BY NIGHT.
 To insure as accurate a fire as possible during the night, the
following expedients have been adopted:—
For guns on standing carriages.—A directing bar, or piece of
timber, about a foot or eighteen inches longer than the platform and
four inches by six in thickness, is used. It has a hole at one end,
through which a bolt is passed into the platform close to the hurter,
and in the object line. On this bolt the bar traverses. At equal
distances from the axis or middle line of the carriage, two cleats are
bolted under each axletree, at a distance from each other equal to
the breadth of the bar, and the bar is passed under the carriage and
fitted between these cleats. Holes are bored at the tail of the
platform, for the reception of bolts, at distances from each other to
suit the size of the bar. The gun is laid for the object during the day,
and should the bar fall exactly between two holes, the bolts are put
in, and the bar remains fixed. When however the bar covers a hole,
the bolts are put into the nearest holes on each side, and small
wedges driven in between them and the bar, in order to keep it in its
place. The gun now requires nothing more after each round than to
be loaded, run up, and fired; operations which are as easily
performed by night as by day.
For guns on travelling carriages.—The gun having been properly
laid during the day, a bead or piece of timber of a proper scantling is
nailed or screwed to the platform, inside the felloe of each wheel,
and parallel to the object line, and two shorter pieces are fastened in
like manner outside of the cheeks of the carriage, at the trail.
By a proper application of scotches, the Madras and every
description of traversing platform can be made available for night
firing.
When the foregoing expedients cannot be resorted to, the platform
and the carriage should be chalked in different places, and when the
gun is run up, these chalk-marks should be made to correspond. A
lantern, in this case, is always required.

For Mortars.
 After the mortar has been accurately laid, a plank, thin enough to
go under the running-up bolts without touching them, is placed
against the outside of one of the cheeks of the bed, and nailed or
screwed to the platform, and the mortar after every round, run up to
it. If a suitable piece of plank cannot be procured the platform must
be chalked close to the mortar bed.

Article 14.

FIRING AT MOVING OBJECTS.

For firing at moving objects a garrison carriage may be fitted with a
directing bar, as for night firing, and traversed by means of tackles
hooked to eye-bolts in the rear end of the bar. If the rear end be
shaped for about ten inches like an axletree arm, and fitted with a
truck, the operation of traversing will be greatly facilitated. This
method is peculiarly applicable to coast batteries, where the guns
are mounted en barbette and where vessels under sail are the
objects to be fired at. The gun is elevated and primed, and the
proper tackle being then hauled upon, No. 1 gives the word “Fire,”
without any caution to the traversing numbers.

Part 2.—Article 1.

LEVER, AND HANDSPIKE.

The lever is of essential use in the service of artillery. When it is 6
feet long, and 3½ inches square at the large end, called the point, it
is termed a handspike. The greater the length of the lever the greater
is its power.[27]

Slewing.
To slew a gun, or mortar, strictly speaking, is to turn it on its axis
without moving it from the spot on which it rests.