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Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
Chapter 07
Psychological Perspectives on Aging
1. (p. 148) The branch of psychology that studies mental processes is:
A. experimental psychology.
B. behavioral psychology.
C. clinical psychology.
D. cognitive psychology.
2. (p. 148) _____ is the most elusive mental process to define and measure.
A. Wisdom
B. Mental process
C. Creativity
D. Knowledge
7-1
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
4. (p. 151) The ability to reflect on past experience and socialization is:
A. fluid intelligence.
B. wisdom.
C. crystallized intelligence.
D. creativity.
7. (p. 155) Which of the following statements is true about long-term memory?
A. It is a temporary storage site for new information.
B. It is highly unstable.
C. It declines rapidly with age.
D. It involves recalling distant people and events.
7-2
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
10. (p. 153) What change has been made by the International Civil Aviation Organization in
regard to the upper age limit for airline pilots?
A. Pilots now must retire at age 60.
B. Pilots can now fly until age 65 if they have a younger copilot in the cockpit.
C. Pilots can now fly until age 70.
D. Pilots can fly until age 55 if they have a younger copilot in the cockpit.
11. (p. 155) Older people tend to be less computer savvy than younger people. Which of the
following is NOT a reason for this lack of computer expertise?
A. Older people have less exposure to new technologies and feel less confident about their
abilities to use a computer.
B. Older people take longer to complete computer training.
C. Older people lack the money to purchase a computer.
D. Older people have more problems working a computer mouse due to declines in motor
control and manual dexterity.
7-3
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
12. (p. 155) A type of mental disorder that affects memory, cognitive functions, and personality
to a degree sufficient to interfere with normal activities and social functioning is:
A. depression.
B. dementia.
C. Parkinson's disease.
D. psychosis.
13. (p. 157) Which of the following statements is true about Alzheimer's disease?
A. It causes patients to forget information permanently.
B. It is reversible and can be cured easily.
C. It is the rarest form of dementia.
D. It completely impairs an individual's motor control abilities.
14. (p. 157) There are two categories of theories explaining the cause of Alzheimer's disease.
One general category is genetic predisposition. The other one is:
A. biological influences.
B. lack of social support systems.
C. nutrition.
D. environmental influences.
15. (p. 157) A study of 8,000 twins who were World War II veterans found that:
A. there was a high prevalence of Alzheimer's overall, more than 35 percent.
B. among the veterans who were fraternal twins, both twins tended to develop Alzheimer's.
C. among the veterans who were identical twins, 35 percent of those who had Alzheimer's
had a twin who also developed the disease.
D. strong support for environmental influences on Alzheimer's risk.
7-4
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
16. (p. 158) A _____ is a rupture or obstruction of a blood vessel to the brain that damages brain
tissue.
A. vascular dementia
B. stroke
C. tumor
D. blackout
17. (p. 158) Approximately _____ percent of dementia is actually vascular dementia.
A. 40
B. 90
C. 75
D. 60
18. (p. 163) New research suggests that Erikson's stages of identity development:
A. are biological characteristics of all humans.
B. are actually dependent on cultural context.
C. are universal psychological manifestations.
D. are untrue and apply to no one.
7-5
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
20. (p. 159) One of the reasons women tend to be more depressed than men is that:
A. women have more biological tendencies to be depressed.
B. men are more likely than women to remarry if widowed or divorced and have more social
support.
C. men have stronger emotional constitutions and don't get depressed as easily.
D. women watch too many sad movies and this makes them depressed.
22. (p. 161) Enduring dispositions toward thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, both inherited and
learned, are called:
A. personality traits.
B. adaptation.
C. coping skills.
D. temperament.
23. (p. 161) According to the trait theory, personality can be organized into five major factors.
Which of the following is NOT one of these factors?
A. openness
B. closeness
C. neuroticism
D. conscientiousness
7-6
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
25. (p. 162) The state of compatibility between an individual and the environment that allows a
person to maintain a sense of well-being or satisfaction with quality of life is known as:
A. adaptation.
B. temperament.
C. coping.
D. development.
26. (p. 162) Three adaptive skills can enhance coping or help to alleviate stress. Which of the
following is NOT one of these skills?
A. substituting new roles for role losses
B. modifying one's environment
C. remaining active
D. being able to marshal social support
27. (p. 164) A major finding from Levinson's Seasons of a Man's Life was:
A. men after age 50 wanted to forge a new path or modify the old one.
B. men who have made work and career a priority shifted gears in midlife and made family
and family life a concern.
C. men began to reexamine their work and attempted to obtain less dominating positions.
D. men were extremely dissatisfied with their current home and work lives.
7-7
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
28. (p. 166) In the context of Apter's four types of women in midlife, a traditional woman is one
who:
A. constantly tries to escape from her past experiences.
B. works hard to minimize familiar feminine roles.
C. seeks fundamental changes in her life.
D. channelizes her ambitions into domestic activities.
29. (p. 166) The _____ were pioneers in a man's world. They had strong career ambitions and
guarded against distractions.
A. innovators
B. traditionalists
C. retreatists
D. expansives
30. (p. 168) A major criticism of Levinson and Apter's research is that:
A. stages are not clearly defined.
B. broad generalizations are made about universal development processes based on a small
number of subjects.
C. the concept of "midlife" is not valid.
D. there are too many stages.
31. (p. 168) Theories proposed by Levinson and Apter are called stage theories. Social
gerontologists are critical of these theories which rely on an implicitly biological model of
development because they ignore:
A. social environments.
B. places of residence.
C. ethnicities.
D. historical and environmental factors.
7-8
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
32. (p. 151) Fluid intelligence is required to identify relationships and to draw inferences on the
basis of that understanding.
TRUE
33. (p. 151) In the context of cognitive functioning, people who retire from jobs involving skilled
work or clerical work are less likely to spend time in passive activities like watching
television.
FALSE
35. (p. 151) Working memory refers to the ability to temporarily store and manipulate
information.
TRUE
36. (p. 157) Short-term memory seems to slow down with age.
TRUE
7-9
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
38. (p. 159) Genetic predisposition and environmental influences support the cause of
Alzheimer's disease.
TRUE
39. (p. 167) New research suggests that individuals experience stages of identity development
differently depending on their race, ethnicity, gender, and social circumstances.
TRUE
40. (p. 162) Women of all ages exhibit more depressive symptoms than men, and the gender gap
increases with age.
FALSE
41. (p. 165) There are different types of coping strategies. Three of these strategies are
confrontational, resigned, or passive.
TRUE
7-10
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McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
42. (p. 164) According to one study, having an "optimistic outlook" on life can help reduce the
risk of heart disease.
TRUE
43. (p. 166) For Erikson, each of his stages posed an opposing possibility or dilemma. To
successfully resolve the dilemma and move on to the next development stage, a person needed
to master certain tasks.
TRUE
44. (p. 168) In the midlife transition of Levinson's model, men sought to answer the question,
"What have I done with my life?"
TRUE
45. (p. 168) One of the criticisms of Levinson and Apter's findings is that they may reflect cohort
effect rather than a developmental path.
TRUE
7-11
Copyright © 2018 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 07 - Psychological Perspectives on Aging
47. (p. 156) The African American Twin Study of Aging found that cognitive impairment was
inherited.
TRUE
48. (p. 156) Traumatic head injuries increase the risk of dementia but not of Parkinson's disease.
FALSE
Essay Questions
49. Why do you think younger people are more computer savvy than seniors?
50. Have you ever had a head injury? What are some of the long-term consequences of head
injuries?
7-12
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Phillips, John, 7
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Pickering, Joseph, 84
Pierrepoint, Lady Anne, 91
Pierrepont, Lady Mary (afterwards Lady Mary Wortley Montagu), 89
Pillar at Seven Dials, 113–114
Pindar, Peter (Dr. Wolcot), 83
Piozzi, Mrs., 85
Plowden, —, 71
Plumer, John, 21n
Pole, —, 165
Pole, Peter, 180
Pollard, Eliz., 83
Polton, John de, 109
Pont, Mrs., 71
Pope, Thos., 83
Popham, Colonel Alexander, 73
Port of London, scheme for improving, 187
Porter, Endymion, 88
Porter, George, 88
Porter, Lady Diana (Ann), 88
Porter, T. C., 185
Portsmouth, Duchess of (formerly Mdlle. de Keroualle), 54
Portsmouth Street, No. 2, 46
Portuguese Embassy, 65–66, 96, 97
Pound, St. Giles’, 144
Povey, Justinian, 12
Povey, Thomas, 11, 12
Powell, Giles, 106n
Powell, Richard, 36n
Powlet, Lady Ann (afterwards Belasyse), 137
Powlett, Charles, Earl of Wiltshire (afterwards Duke of Bolton), 65
Praed, Wm. Mackworth, 11
Prescott, Jeoffery, 35n, 37n, 40n
Princes Street, 10
Pritchard, —, 56
Pritchard, William, 90
Purcell, Dr. John, 142
Purse Field, 4, 6, 10, 24, 34
Purse Rents, 5, 7
Pynchon, John, 11n
“Pyramide de la Tremblade”, 115
Waldron, John, 6
Wales, George, Prince of (afterwards George IV.), 78
Walgrave, John, 28, 107
Walker, Dr. Jas., 11
Walker, John, 13, 14
Walker, Richard, 163
Walker, Thomas, 29n, 31n
Walpole, Horace, 44, 46, 56n, 71
Walter, Peter, 105
Walton, Brian, 139
Ward, James, 92
Wardrobe, Great Queen Street, 45n, 66
Warner, Henry, 34n
Warwick, Charles, Earl of, 88
Warwick, Robert, Earl of, 88
Watson, Mrs., 96
Watson, Henry, 149
Watson, Mary, 96
Watson, Rowland, 5, 6
Watson, William, 5
Watson, Sir William, 133
Wayte, Edward, 79
Webb, Barbara (afterwards Viscountess Montagu), 65
Webb, Lady Barbara, 65, 136
Webb, Sir John, 47n, 65n, 136
Webb, John, Architect, 44
Webb, Philip Carteret, 73n, 74
Webb, Rhoda (afterwards Beavor), 75
Webb, Richard, 38
Webb, Thos., 71
Wedderburn, Alexander, Lord Loughborough (afterwards Earl of
Rosslyn), 155
Weedon, Thomas, 96
Weld, Lady Frances, 94, 95n
Weld (Wild, Wield), Humfrey, 59, 60, 94, 95n, 96, 97n, 100
Weld House, 93–97, 99
Weld Street. (See Wild Street.)
Wesley, John, 115, 116
Wesleyan Chapel, Great Queen Street, 86–92
West London Mission, 88, 115
West Street, 112n, 115
West Street Chapel, Seven Dials, 87
Western, Thomas, 11
Weston (Whetstone), John, 5n
Westone, William, 109n
Wetherell, Philip, 21n
Wharton, Philip, 4th Lord, 79, 120
Whetstone, William, 6–7
Whetstone Park, 4, 8
White, James, 28, 112
White Hart, 14, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29n, 30n, 123
White Hart Feilde, 6
—(See also Pursefield.)
White Hart Yard, 26
White Horse in Drury Lane, 35
White House, St. Giles’s Precinct, 121
White Lion Street, 113n, 114
Whitesaunder, Thomas, 119
White Swan in Queen Street, 37n
Whitfield, Henry Fotherley, 31n
Whitfield, Thomas, 110n, 111n
Wigg, William, 110n, 111n
Wild. (See Weld.)
Wild Boare Alley, 18
Wild Court, Nos. 6 and 7, 98
Wild Street (Weld Street), 34, 93–97
—(See also Little Wild Street.)
Wilkes, John, 74–75
Wilkinson, William, 125
Wilkinson’s Close, 125n, 187
Williams, Jas., 165
Williams, John, 84
Williams, Paul, 40n
Williamson, Sir Joseph, 69
Williamsfeild (alias Church Close), 145
Willoughby, Philip, 60n
Willson, Thomas, 138
Wilson, Benjamin, 56, 57, 66, 67n
Wilson, Jas., 56
Wilson, Major, 57
Wilton House, Picture of Lincoln’s Inn Fields, 46
Wiltshire, Charles Powlett, Earl of (afterwards Duke of Bolton), 65
Winchester, John, Marquiss of, 95, 96, 137
Windell, Richard, 109n
Windham, W., 67
Winstanley, J., 11
Wise (Wyse), Joan (afterwards Briscowe), 107, 119
Wise, John, 107n
Wise, Robert, 20
Wither, Thomas, 60n
Withers (Wither, Wyther), Anthony, 51, 60, 73n
Withers, William, 74
Wolcot, Dr. (Peter Pindar), 83
Wolstenholme, John, 96
Wood, Anthony, 80
Woodville, Thomas, 130
Woodward, William, 14
Worcester, Edward (1st Marquess of), 73
Worliche, Mary, 9n
Worlidge, Mrs., 77
Worlidge, Thomas 58, 67n, 76, 77
Worsley, John, 96
Wortley, Sir Francis, 89
Wray, Sir John, 95n
Wren, Sir Christopher, 123, 147
Wren, Stephen, 147
Wright, —, 96n
Wright, Martin, 89
Wriothesley, Lord, 124
Wylson, —, 119
Wynter, Master, 119
Wyse. (See Wise.)