Institute of Actuaries of India

ACET March 2023

Mathematics

1. The range of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |⌊𝑥⌋ − 𝑥|, for 𝑥 real, where ⌊𝑥⌋ is the greatest integer
less than or equal to 𝑥, is

A. (0,1).
B. (0,1].
C. [0,1).
D. (0, ∞).
1 mark
𝑥
2. Let 𝑓 and 𝑔 be real functions such that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) = ; 𝑥 ≠ 2. The
𝑥−2
value of 𝑓°𝑔(3) is

A. 13.
B. 12.
C. 4.
D. 5.
1 mark

3. The value of √72 + √72 + √72 + ⋯ is

A. 1 − √197.
B. 1 + √197.
1−√197
C. .
2
1+√197
D. .
2
2 marks

4. The coefficient of 𝑎5 𝑏 7 in (𝑎 − 3𝑏)12 is

12 7
A. ( 5 )3 .
12 7
B. ( 5 )(−3) .
12 5
C. ( 5 )(−3) .
12 5
D. ( 5 )(3) .
1 mark

5. If log 𝑚 7 − 3 log 𝑚 2 = 2, then 𝑚 is equal to

7
A. .
8
7
B. − 8.

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 C. −√7.
8

D. √7.
8
1 mark

6. If sin 𝜃 and cos 𝜃 are the roots of the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 1 = 0, then a relationship
between 𝑎 and 𝑏 is

A. 𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 = 2𝑎.
B. 𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 = 2𝑎.
C. 𝑏 2 − 𝑎2 = 2𝑏.
D. 𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 = 2𝑏.
2 marks

7. Let 𝑎1 , 𝑎2, … , 𝑎𝑛 , … be defined by 𝑎𝑛 = 3 + 4𝑛. The sum of the first 15 terms is

A. 625.
B. 635.
C. 525.
D. 555.
1 mark

8. The value of
𝑛 𝑖

∑∑𝑗
𝑖=1 𝑗=1
is equal to
𝑛
A. ( 3).
𝑛+2
B. ( 3 ).
𝑛+1
C. ( 3 ).
𝑛−2
D. ( 3 ).
2 marks

3+𝑖
9. If 𝑧 = , then 𝑧16 is equal to
2−𝑖

A. 256𝑖.
B. 128𝑖.
C. 256.
D. 128.
2 mark

10. Let 𝑎⃗, 𝑏⃗⃗ and 𝑐⃗ be mutually perpendicular unit vectors. The value of |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗⃗ + 𝑐⃗| is

A. 3.
B. √3.
C. 1.
D. 9.

Page 2 of 19
 1 mark

⃗⃗⃗⃗ − 2𝑖⃗ + 3𝑗⃗ − 4𝑘

11. The value of 𝑥 for which the vectors 𝑖⃗ − 𝑥𝑗⃗ + 3𝑘, ⃗⃗ and −𝑗⃗ + 2𝑘
⃗⃗ are
coplanar is

A. −2.
B. 2.
C. 1.
D. −1.
1 mark

12. In the approximation of 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) through a second degree polynomial, obtain the
missing values of (𝑦1 , 𝑦3 ) from the following table.

𝑥 𝑥0 = 21 𝑥1 = 22 𝑥2 = 23 𝑥3 = 24 𝑥4 = 25
𝑦 3.0 𝑦1 2.0 𝑦3 2.4
The missing values (𝑦1 , 𝑦3 ) are

A. (2.925, 2.225).
B. (1.925, 1.025).
C. (3.925, 1.225).
D. (2.325, 2.025).
3 marks

13. The approximate value of the integral ∫2 log 𝑒 √1 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥, by Simpson’s 1 rule using
0 3
ℎ = 1 (given that log 𝑒 √2 = 0.3466 and log 𝑒 √3 = 0.5493), is

A. 0.6452.
B. 0.5342.
C. 1.2345.
D. 0.3932.
1 mark

𝑥 6 −2
14. lim 𝑥 4 −2 is equal to
𝑥→2

A. 6.
31
B. 7 .
195
C. .
3
D. 4.
1 mark

sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑦
15. If 𝑦 = tan−1 ( ) , then 𝑑𝑥 is equal to
1+cos 𝑥

A. 1.
B. 2.
1
C. 2.
1
D. .
3
2 marks

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16. If 𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 + ⋯ + 𝑥 𝑛, then
1! 2! 𝑛!
𝑑2𝑦 𝑥 𝑛−1 𝑥𝑛
+ +
𝑑𝑥 2 (𝑛 − 1)! 𝑛!
is

A. 𝑦2.
B. 𝑒 𝑥−2 .
C. 𝑒𝑥.
D. 𝑦.
2 marks

17. The value of the integral

√5 + log 𝑥
∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
is equal to
3
2
A. (5 + log 𝑥)2 + 𝑐.
3
3
B. (5 + log 𝑥)2 + 𝑐.
1
2
C. (5 + log 𝑥)2 + 𝑐.
3
3
3
D. (5 + log 𝑥)2 + 𝑐.
2
3 marks

18. The value of the integral

1
∫ 𝑥15 cos 6 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−1
is equal to

A. 1.
B. 0.
C. 3.
D. 2.
1 mark

19. Let
4 2 1 2
𝐴=[ ] and 𝐵 = [ ].
1 1 0 1
The characteristic roots of 𝐴 + 𝐵 are

A. (1,6).
B. (2,5).
C. (1, −6).
D. (−2,5).
1 mark

20. The inverse of the matrix

3 0 0
𝐴 = [0 5 0]
0 0 7
is

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 −3 0 0
A. [ 0 −5 0 ].
0 0 −7
0 0 1
B. [0 1 0].
1 0 0
1
0 0
3
1
C. 0 0.
5
1
[0 0 7]
1
0 0 3
1
D. 0 0.
5
1
[7 0 0]
1 mark

Page 5 of 19
 Statistics
21. Twenty books are placed at random in a shelf. The probability that a particular pair of
books shall never be together is
1
A. .
20
1
B. .
10
19
C. .
20
9
D. .
10
1 mark

22. A box contains 24 balls out of which 𝑥 are red balls. If one ball is drawn at random
from the box, the probability that it will be red is 𝑝. If 12 more red balls are put in the
box, the probability of drawing a red ball is now 2𝑝. The value of 𝑥 is

A. 6.
B. 8.
C. 9.
D. 12.
1 mark

23. The probability that both 𝐸 and 𝐹 occur, the probability that 𝐸 occurs and 𝐹 does not
occur and the probability that 𝐸 does not occur and 𝐹 occurs are equal to 𝑝. Then, the
probability that either 𝐸 or 𝐹 occurs is

A. 𝑝.
B. 2𝑝.
C. 3𝑝.
D. 3𝑝2 .
1 mark

24. If 𝐸 and 𝐹 are independent events having probability strictly less than 1, which of the
following statements is incorrect?

A. 𝐸 and 𝐹̅ are independent.

B. 𝐸̅ and 𝐹̅ are independent.
C. 𝑃(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹) = 𝑃(𝐸) + 𝑃(𝐸̅ )𝑃(𝐹).
D. 𝑃(𝐸|𝐹)𝑃(𝐹|𝐸) = 1.
2 marks

25. A die is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed to be 8. What
is the probability that the number 5 has appeared at least once?

A. 1
.
5

B. 2
.
5

C. 1
.
2

D. 3
.
4
1 mark

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26. The following table gives the frequency distribution of car accidents for 100 days in
a stretch of national highway.

Number of car accidents 0 1 2 3 4 5

Frequency 20 30 25 12 11 2
The mean, median and mode of the distribution of car accidents are, respectively,

A. 1.7, 1, 1.
B. 1.5, 1.5, 1.
C. 1.7, 1, 5.
D. 1.7, 1.5, 1.
1 mark

27. A set of 𝑛 numbers consist of (𝑛 − 2) zeros and the numbers −1 and 1. The mean
absolute deviation of these numbers about the mean is
1
A. .
𝑛
2
B. .
𝑛
1
C. .
2𝑛
D. 0.
1 mark

28. The standard deviation and coefficient of variation of a set of observations are 3.8 and
7.6%, respectively. If each observation is multiplied by 2, then the coefficient of
variation of new observations is

A. 3.8%.
B. 7.6%.
C. 15.2%.
D. 38%.
1 mark

29. A discrete random variable 𝑋 takes the values 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 32, 35, 40
with equal probability. Then 𝑃(𝑋 > 25|𝑋 ≥ 23) equals
3
A. .
4
3
B. .
8
6
C. .
7
7
D. .
8

1 mark

30. Let 𝑋 be a random variable with probability density function 𝑓(𝑥) =

1 𝑥
𝜃
exp (− 𝜃
) , 𝑥 > 0, 𝜃 > 0. If the median of 𝑋 is 25, the mean of 𝑋 is

A. 25 log 𝑒 2.

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 25
B. .
log𝑒 2

C. 25 log 𝑒 0.5.
25
D. .
log𝑒 0.5

1 mark

31. Suppose 𝑋 follows binomial distribution with mean and variance 4 8

and ,
3 9
respectively. Then 𝑃(𝑋 ≥ 2) equals
4
A. .
9
5
B. .
9
7
C. .
81
33
D. .
81

1 mark

32. Let 𝑋 and 𝑌 be two correlated random variables with respective variances 𝜎12 and 𝜎22 , and
correlation coefficient 𝜌. Then 𝜌 equals

𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋)+𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑌)+𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋−𝑌)
A. 2
.
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋−𝑌)−𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋)−𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑌)
B. 4
.
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋)−𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑌)+𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋−𝑌)
C. 2𝜎12 𝜎22
.
𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋)+𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑌)−𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑋−𝑌)
D. 2𝜎1 𝜎2
.

1 mark

33. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

A. Suppose 𝑋 follows the Poisson distribution with mean 3. Then 𝑃(𝑋 ≤ 1) =

4𝑒 −3 .
B. Probability that a Poisson variable 𝑋 take values at least 1 is 1 − 𝑒 −3. Then the
variance of 𝑋 is 3.
C. Suppose 𝑋 follows a Poisson distribution with 𝑃(𝑋 = 2) = 2𝑃(𝑋 = 1). Then
standard deviation of the distribution is 4.
1
D. Suppose 𝑋 follows the Poisson distribution with mean 1. Then 𝐸 ( ) = 1 −
1+𝑋
𝑒 −1 .
2 marks

34. Suppose 𝑍 follows normal distribution with mean 0 and variance 1. If 𝑋 = 3 + 𝑍,

then 𝐸(𝑋 3 ) equals

A. 27.
B. 0.
C. 36.
D. 54.
2 marks

Page 8 of 19
35. Consider the joint probability mass function of 𝑋 and 𝑌
𝑥+𝑦
𝑝(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2 , 𝑥, 𝑦 = 1,2, … . , 𝑛
𝑛 (𝑛 + 1)
Then 𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑌) equals
1
.
A. 𝑛
2
.
𝑛
B.
1
.
C. 𝑛+1
2
.
D. 𝑛+1

1 mark

36. In a school 40% of the students have 100% attendance and 60% are irregular.
Previous years’ results indicate that 70% of all students who have 100% attendance
attain A grade and 10% irregular students attain A grade in the annual examination.
At the end of the year, one student is chosen at random from the school and he was
found to have an A grade. What is the probability that the student has 100%
attendance?
2
A. .
5
14
B. .
17
12
C. .
17
6
D. .
7
2 marks

37. From 20 pairs of observations on (𝑥, 𝑦), the following information is obtained. 𝑥̅ =
1.2, 𝑦̅ = 12, the regression coefficients of 𝑦 on 𝑥 is 3.2 and 𝑥 on 𝑦 is 0.2. Then which
of the following statements is true?

A. The correlation coefficient between 𝑥 and 𝑦 is −0.8.

B. The standard deviations of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are related by 𝑠𝑥 = 4 𝑠𝑦 .
C. The regression of 𝑦 on 𝑥 is 𝑦 − 3.2𝑥 − 8.16 = 0.
D. The regression 𝑥 on 𝑦 is 𝑥 + 0.2𝑦 − 1.2 = 0.
2 marks

38. If 𝑋 and 𝑌 have joint probability density function

𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 4𝑥(1 − 𝑦), 0 < 𝑥 < 1, 0 < 𝑦 < 1,
2 1
then 𝑃 (0 < 𝑋 < 3 |0 < 𝑌 < 3) equals

4
A. .
9
5
B. .
9
20
C. .
81
5
D. .
81

2 marks

Page 9 of 19
39. Let 𝑋 be a random variable with probability mass function
𝜆𝑥
𝑃(𝑋 = 𝑥) = 𝑥! (𝑒 𝜆−1) , 𝑥 = 1, 2, … , ∞
The variance of 𝑋 is

A. 𝜆2.
B. 𝜆𝑒 𝜆
(𝑒 𝜆 − 1).
𝑒 𝜆 −1
C. 𝜆𝑒 𝜆
(𝑒 𝜆 − 𝜆).
𝑒 𝜆 −1
D. 𝜆𝑒 𝜆
2 (𝑒 𝜆 − 𝜆 − 1).
(𝑒 𝜆 −1)
3 marks

40. The joint distribution of the random variables 𝑋 and 𝑌 is provided in the following
table.

𝑋
0 1 2
1
0 0 0
12

2 3
1 0
12 12
𝑌
1 4 1
2
12 12 12

The correlation coefficient between 𝑋 and 𝑌 is

27
A. .
√3009
√6
B. − 4.
√6
C. .
4
27
D. − √3009.
3 marks

Page 10 of 19
 Data Interpretation
An organization selected 1800 families in a town at random and surveyed income level and
number of vehicles in a family. The information obtained is listed in the following frequency
table. Answer questions 41-43 based on your interpretation of the table.

Monthly income (in Rupees) Number of vehicles per family

0 1 2 Above 2
Less than 50000 53 22 0 0
50000 - 75000 32 90 3 0
75000 - 100000 28 165 7 0
100000 - 125000 16 290 14 0
125000 - 150000 10 258 30 2
150000 - 175000 6 307 62 5
175000 - 200000 5 159 75 11
200000 or more 3 65 62 20

41. The highest number of families owning at least two vehicles belongs to the monthly
income group

A. 125000 - 150000.
B. 150000 - 175000.
C. 175000 - 200000.
D. 200000 or more.
2 marks

42. Number of families owning at least one vehicle is

A. 1356.
B. 1509.
C. 1609.
D. 1647.
2 marks

43. Number of families whose earning is Rs. 100000 or more per month owning exactly 1
vehicle

A. 1079.
B. 1244.
C. 1322.
D. 1360.
1 mark
The following diagram shows share (%) of households with tap water connections of 10 states
S1 – S10 in 2019 and 2022. Answer questions 44-47 based on your interpretation of the diagram.

Page 11 of 19
 Share (%) of households with tap water connections

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10

2019 2022

44. Which state has maximum increase in percentage of households with tap water
connections from 2019 to 2022?

A. S4.
B. S5.
C. S9.
D. S10.
1 mark

45. Which state had 100% tap water connections in 2022?

A. S1.
B. S2.
C. S3.
D. S4.
1 mark

46. The minimum and maximum share (%) of households with tap water connections in
2019 are in states

A. S9 and S2.
B. S10 and S3.
C. S4 and S2.
D. S4 and S3.
1 mark

47. The number of states having more than 65% households with tap water connections in
2022 is

A. All states.
B. 8.
C. 7.
D. 6.
1 mark

The following bar diagram displays the number of banking frauds for 10 financial years from
FY13 to FY22. Answer question 48 based on this diagram.

Page 12 of 19
 Banking Frauds
9000

8000

7000

Number of Frauds
6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
FY13 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 FY19 FY20 FY21 FY22
Financial Year

48. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The minimum number of frauds occurred in FY14.

B. The maximum number of frauds occurred in FY20.
C. The number of frauds increased in every year over the previous year.
D. The number of frauds decreased over the previous year is in FY21.
2 marks

The following pie chart shows budget allocation in different sectors in a financial year. The total
budget allocation in that year is 40 lakh crore. Answer questions 49-51 based on this
information.

Budget Allocation in Different Sectors

Interest Payments

Centrally Sponsored Schemes

8% Subsidies
4% 20%
Defence
18%
9% Central Sector Schemes

Finance Commission and other

7%
9% transfers
8% States' share of Taxes and Duties
17%
Pensions

Other Expenditure

49. Total budget allocation on Centrally sponsored Schemes and Central Sector Schemes is

A. 3.6 lakh crore.

B. 6.8 lakh crore.
C. 10.4 lakh crore.
D. 12 lakh crore.

Page 13 of 19
 1 mark

50. Total budget allocation for the sectors with less than 10% allocation is

A. 14 lakh crore.
B. 18 lakh crore.
C. 22 lakh crore.
D. 25 lakh crore.
2 marks

51. The difference between maximum and minimum sectorwise allocations is

A. 5.2 lakh crore.

B. 6.4 lakh crore.
C. 16 lakh crore.
D. 20 lakh crore.
1 mark

Page 14 of 19
 English
52. Meteorology is

A. a science that deals with phenomena of weather.

B. a science that deals with metals and other minerals.
a science that deals with the composition and origin of meteors and other cosmic
C.
objects.
D. a science that studies the physical system of measurements.
1 mark

53. An avalanche is

A. a series of waves in the sea caused by the displacement of a large volume of

water.
B. a large air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure.
C. a slide of large masses of snow and mud down a mountain.
D. a sudden, very heavy rainfall, usually local in nature and of brief duration.
1 mark

54. Contrite is

A. a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law.

B. a feeling or expressing pain or sorrow for sins or offenses.
C. to make or work out a plan.
D. to injure the underlying soft tissue or bone.
1 mark

55. Expurgate is

A. to edit by omitting or modifying parts considered indelicate.

B. to kill on a large scale.
C. to remove, destroy or wipe out completely.
D. to extinguish by crushing.
1 mark

56. One word for the phrase "to make certain that (something) will occur" is

A. assure.
B. reassure.
C. insure.
D. ensure.
1 mark

57. One word for the phrase "capable of being interpreted in two or more ways" is

A. definite.
B. confusing.
C. doubtful.
D. ambiguous.
1 mark

58. One word for the phrase "to become familiar with someone/ something" is

A. effeminate.

Page 15 of 19
 B. antagonize.
C. acquaint.
D. appreciate.
1 mark

59. A person who has no money is called

A. affluent.
B. pauper.
C. disabled.
D. hapless.
1 mark
60. Choose the correct sentence:

A. Ramesh claims that cats could be the best pets.

B. Ramesh claims that cats as the best pets.
C. Ramesh claims that cats make of the best pets.
D. Ramesh claims that cats make the best pets.
2 marks

61. Choose the correct sentence:

A. The helium-filled balloon rising in the air.

B. The helium-filled balloon was rising up the air.
C. The helium-filled balloon rose up the air.
D. The helium-filled balloon rose into the air.
2 marks

Read the passage below and answer Question No. 62.

Mount Everest, along with the rest of the Himalayas, inches further skyward every year. It
towers 8,848.86m (29,032ft) above sea level, according to China and Nepal's most recent
official joint survey, whose borders run across its summit. But it isn't the only giant in these
lands – 10 of the world's 14 peaks higher than 8,000m (26,247ft) above sea level can be found
in the Himalayan range. The history of measuring the tallest mountain in the world stretches
back to 1852. In Asia, the height of Mount Everest was a mystery. It was known only as "Peak
XV". Radhanath Sikdar, an Indian mathematician, had been employed by the British to work
on their Great Trigonometrical Survey. They wanted to gather a more accurate geographical
picture of the territory they were occupying so they could control it more effectively for trade
or military purposes. Sikdar used trigonometry. He measured Everest's summit's horizontal
and vertical angles from other mountaintops whose positions and heights were already known.
In doing so he made a momentous discovery: the tallest mountain ever recorded. According to
his calculations, the mountain stood at 8,839.8m (29,002ft) tall. Though the technology behind
measuring mountains has advanced since the 1850s, his figure was astonishingly accurate, just
nine meters off the latest official height. Despite Sikdar's findings, the mountain eventually
was named after his previous boss, British surveyor Sir George Everest, who had retired
several years before Sikdar's discovery.

I. The British wanted

i. to develop agricultural land near the base of Mount Everest.
ii. to control the territory that included Mount Everest.
iii. to habitat the area that included Mount Everest.
II. Height of the Mount Everest was first measured by
i. Nepalese and Chinese.

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 ii. Sir George Everest.
iii. Radhanath Sikdar.
III. Which of the following statements is correct?
i. It is observed that there are fourteen peaks in the world higher than 8,000
meters.
ii. It is observed that there are ten peaks in the Himalayas higher than 8,000
meters.
iii. Both i and ii.

62. The correct answers to I, II and III are

A. ii, iii, iii, respectively.

B. i, ii, iii, respectively.
C. iii, ii, iii, respectively.
D. iii, ii, i, respectively.
3 marks

Page 17 of 19
 Logical Reasoning
63. In a college with 100 students, 60 students play hockey, 84 play kabaddi and 72 play
basketball. If all the students play at least one game, what is the minimum number of
students who play all the three sports?

A. 16.
B. 22.
C. 36.
D. 58.
2 marks

64. In the question below are given some statements followed by some conclusions. You have
to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be in variance with commonly
known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions
logically follows from the given statements disregarding commonly known facts.

Statements:
I. Samosas are Jalebi.
II. All Jalebis are Tikki.
III. All Tikkis are Barfi.

Conclusions:
I. All Jalebis are Barfi.
II. All Tikkis are Samosas.
III. All Samosas are Barfi.
IV. All Barfi are Jalebi.

A. Only conclusions I and II follow.

B. Only conclusions I and III follow.
C. Only conclusions II and III follow.
D. All conclusions follow.
2 marks

65. Alexa leaves her house and moves 50 meters southwards. She then turns left and goes
another 20 meters. Then turning to the North, she moves another 30 meters and then starts
walking towards her house. In which direction is she walking now?
A. North.
B. North -East.
C. South -East.
D. North -West.
1 mark

66. A clock shows 8 o’clock in the morning. Through how many degrees will the hour hand
rotate when the clock shows 2 o’clock in the afternoon?
A. 144.
B. 150.
C. 168.
D. 180.
1 mark

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67. In 2016 Shailendra celebrated his birthday on Friday. What will be the first year after
2016 when Shailendra will celebrate his birthday on a Wednesday given that he was not
born in January or February?

A. 2021.
B. 2023.
C. 2020.
D. 2025.
1 mark

68. On a circular dart board, 15 balloons are numbered from 1 to 15 and arranged in the
clockwise direction in the same order. A boy shot 14 balloons on the board by shooting
every alternate balloon in the clockwise direction beginning from the balloon numbered 2.
Which numbered balloon did he shoot at the tenth shot?

A. 13.
B. 10.
C. 5.
D. 9.
1 mark

69. A large cube of dimensions 7 × 7 × 7 is painted with black colour on all the faces and is
cut into 343 small cubes of dimensions 1 × 1 × 1. How many of the smaller cubes will be
painted on 4 sides?

A. 0.
B. 8.
C. 16.
D. 21.
1 mark

70. Ankit is a son of Shiv’s father’s sister. Sahil is the son of Nimrit who is the mother of
Gaurav and grandmother of Shiv. Kishore is the father of Tina and grandfather of Ankit.
Nimrit is the wife of Kishore.
How is Ankit related to Nimrit?

A. Nephew.
B. Son.
C. Grandson.
D. Data inadequate.
1 mark

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