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    ANT202 Assingment02 (21105027)

    Uploaded by

    juhana.islam

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 5

    ANT 202

    Assignment on

    “How Myanmar's Ethic Cleaning


    issue affects Bangladesh society”

    Submitted by
    Juhana Islam
    ID: 21105027
    A ‘textbook case’ has proved to be a ‘real-life case’ through Myanmar’s ethnic cleansing. According to

    United Nations (2022), ethnic cleansing is defined as, an intentional strategy adopted by one ethnic or

    religious group to expel the civilians of another ethnic or religious group from specific geographical

    locations by violent and terror-inspiring actions. The UNHCR has labelled the atrocities committed by the

    Myanmar government against the Rohingyas as "ethnic cleansing" (Khuda, 2020). Almost five years have

    passed since the Rohingya community started fleeing to Bangladesh. In 2017 the persecuted community

    was welcomed by the local people, but as time passed with almost no repatriation in near sight, the local

    communities are getting anxious assuming their impending doom. Starting from constraining the labour

    market to restraining the lives of wild animals like elephants, the Rohingya crisis is affecting Bangladesh

    society with its domino effect. Owing to the multi-faceted disruptions created towards the host

    communities, this writeup shed some light on how Myanmar's Ethic Cleansing issue affects Bangladesh

    society.

    Effect on economy

    The Rohingyas and the residents of Cox's Bazar both communicate in a related language. As a result, they

    can integrate with the community, which might be catastrophic for Bangladesh. The day labourers are

    shifting to work in the camps with the relief organisations as there are plenty of job vacancies. So there's

    an induced labour shortage. It also has a detrimental effect on tourism at Saint Martin Island. Ship

    movement is strictly prohibited near the Bangladesh-Myanmar border due to the continued turbulence.

    According to recent claims by Cox's Bazar Tour Operators, Bangladesh might lose over a million tourists

    (Khuda, 2020). Moreover, more day labourers are willing to work for less money. So the native

    population is losing jobs. Additionally, it may influence the diversity of exports, availability of power,

    foreign direct investment and military spending.


    Effect on population and education

    Being the largest refugee camp on the planet, the increase of people is taking place in the geometric

    progression while that of resources for livelihood is taking place in arithmetic progression. It will

    eventually increase the burden on access to food, employment, healthcare, and other essentials of local

    communities. Since the Rohingyas arrived, local children have had challenges getting an education. Some

    schools have been repurposed into military barracks, and some local students are skipping classes to work

    in the Rohingya camps (Pittaway & Cope, 2007).

    Effect on the perception of locals

    Locals now must carry their national identity cards to verify they are Bangladeshi citizens. They fail to

    graze their cattle in the fields, as refugees now live there. They often feel anxious about what to do if the

    refugees start acting aggressively. The local populace used to benefit from numerous services like free

    medical examinations and healthcare, stipends, and counselling offered by several NGOs and INGOs.

    However, the cessation of such services during the start of the crisis fueled locals' hostility toward the

    Rohingya population (Khuda, 2020). Refugees outnumbering the host civilians is now making them feel

    like a minor living among minorities.

    Effect on law and order

    i. False identification: Many Rohingya refugees attempt to get Bangladeshi identification, such as a

    passport or identity card, by paying off corrupt local police personnel and political activists.

    ii. Drug cartel: The surge of Rohingya migrants escaping Myanmar will promote narcotics usage and

    trading. The Ya ba carried by Rohingya immigrants impacts the young people in the neighbourhood.

    Effect on environment

    It resulted in losses of 0.05% in the entire national forest area and 1.67% in the Cox's Bazar forest zone.

    The value of the forest land taken is projected to be five billion Taka (Abrar, 2018). The refugee camp
    region uses plastic, aluminium, and tarpaulin extensively as primary building materials. These are

    detrimental to the environment in addition to not being disposable (Zhou et al., 2010).

    Effect on ecology

    Because of the indiscriminate hill cutting done to make space for the Rohingya migrants, the landscape of

    the hills has lost much of its natural setting. Around 50% of the slopes have been entirely cleared (Center

    for Policy Dialogue, 2017). Hence, landslides might occur at any time. The UNEP research claims that

    wildlife is imperilled because of the temporary settlements. It significantly affects animals, especially

    elephants whose habitats are being lost and disrupted. Freshwater streams have been poisoned, and

    groundwater sources are soon running out. Smoke from firewood burned by refugees and emissions from

    vehicles transporting people and commodities into the camps are to blame for the worsening air pollution

    in Ukhia and Tekfnaf.

    To summarize, the struggles of the economy and ecology of Bangladesh have dreadingly multiplied due

    to the Rohingya crisis created by the ethnic cleansing in Myanmar. With repatriation to Myanmar doubtful

    shortly, Bangladesh may be forced to house the refugees forever. It is high time for the international

    community to become more aware of Bangladesh's massive budgetary load. Not only the voices of

    refugees but also, the unvoiced utterances of host communities should also be highlighted to attain the

    ‘golden deer of peace’ for the whole of humankind.

    References:

    Nations, U. (2022). United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility

    to Protect. Un.org.

    https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/ethnic-cleansing.shtml
    The impacts and challenges to host country Bangladesh due to sheltering the Rohingya

    refugees. (2020). Cogent Social Sciences.

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311886.2020.1770943

    Pittaway, L., & Cope, J. (2007). Entrepreneurship education: A systematic review of the

    evidence. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship,

    25(5), 477‐506. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242607080656

    Abrar, C. R. (2018). On the margin: Refugees, migrants and minorities. Refugee and

    Migratory Movement Research Unit.

    Zhou, H., Wang, J., Wan, J., & Jia, H. (2010). Resilience to natural hazards: A geographic

    perspective. Natural Hazards, 53(1), 21–41.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9407-y

    Center for Policy Diologue. (2017). Presentation on implications of the Rohingya crisis for

    Bangladesh.

    https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?hl=en&publication_year=2017&author=C

    enter+for+Policy+Diologue&title=Presentation+on+implications+of+the+Rohingya+c

    risis+for+Bangladesh

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