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7/15/24, 3:28 PM (18) Instrumentation Earthing | LinkedIn
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(18) Instrumentation Earthing | LinkedIn

Ünal S. ⋮ 5-7 minutes
Earthing is the process of creating an alternative path for the flow of fault/excessive currents safely into the
ground in the presence of minimal resistance or impedance.
The primary purpose of earthing is to reduce the risk of serious electric shock from current leaking into
uninsulated metal parts of an appliance, power tool, or other electrical devices.
In a properly earthed system, such leaking/fault current is carried away harmlessly while tripping the fuse.
Earthing also provides protection from large electrical disturbances like lightning strikes and power surges. It
also aids in the dissipation of hazardous static electrical charges.
Although most electrical systems have fuses or circuit breakers for protection against a fault current, the
human body may be fatally electrocuted by a current of less than one ampere which is well below the point
at which a fuse or breaker will operate. Earthing helps minimize such hazards from occurring.
Instrument earthing system shall consist of the following earth type:
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Electrical earthing (also called dirty earthing or Protective Earthing (PE))

Instrument earthing (also called Reference Earth (RE))
Intrinsically safe earthing
Electrical Earthing
It is used to protect the power system, electrical equipment, and personnel from electric shock.
How to do an electrical earthing?
Armor of field instrument cable shall be terminated at cable gland.

Armor of single and multi core cable going to junction box shall be terminated at cable gland. If the
junction box made from metal, then it only needs to connect the earth stud bolt to the nearest steel
structure. If the junction box made from non metal, the earth stud bolt will be located at the metal
gland plates which have direct contact with the cable gland.
Armor of single and multi core cable going inside or outside marshalling and system cabinet shall be
terminated and connected to a bus bar inside the cabinet. Each bus bar inside the cabinet will be
connected to a grounding dispatcher by 35 mmsq cable (usually green – yellow stripped). This
grounding dispatcher will collect all connection from individual bus bar and then connect it to a general
electrical earth loop (to structure steel) by a 70 mmsq cable. In general used, the earth bus bar is
made from copper and has 1 ½” width and ¼” height.
Instrument Earthing
The general principle of instrument earth is all individual shields (screen) and overall shield (screen) of
single or multi pair cable shall be isolated from electrical earthing and terminated at different bus bar.
This instrument earth usually also called reference earth since it serve the reference point of the
instrument loop (ground of internal electric circuit inside the instrument).
Individual shield (drain wire) of single pair cable shall be terminated at earth or ground terminal block
inside the instrument enclosure.
Individual shield from analog single pair cable going inside the junction box shall be terminated to
terminal block. Individual shield from digital single pair cable going inside the junction box shall be
terminated to terminal block and jump out each other then connect it to bus bar.
Individual shield from multi pair cable going inside the junction box shall be also terminated to terminal
block match with the individual shield from single pair cable.
Overall shield from multi paire analog cable going inside the junction box shall be terminated to
terminal block or bus bar (overall shield at analog cable doesn’t have a pair with the shield from single
pair cable). Overall shield from multi pair digital cable going inside the junction box shall be terminated
to bus bar.
All individual and overall shields (screen) from multi pair cable shall be terminated into respective
instrument earth bus bar at marshalling cabinet.
Instrument bus bar will be connected to grounding dispatcher by 25 mmsq green-yellow stripped
cable. From grounding dispatcher, it will be connected to main instrument earth loop by 70 mmsq
green-yellow stripped cable.
Intrinsically Safe earthing
Isolation and termination of IS field cable shields (screen) at field devices, junction boxes and
marshalling cabinets shall be done in the same manner as for instrument earth explained above.
However the overall shield (screen) of multi pair cable for IS signals goes to marshalling cabinet shall
be terminated individually and connected to its IS bus bar. The individual shield (screen) of this cable
will be terminated directly to a galvanic isolator and then connected to the respective IS bus bar.
The following maximum resistance limits shall be achieved after the instrument earthing system installed.
This resistance is minimized as much as possible so the un-normal current can be safely grounded at steel
structure.
Between instrument earth bus bars and grounding dispatcher not greater than 0.5 ohm.
Between electrical equipment frame and nearest local stud earth on structural steel not greater than 1
ohm.
Between intrinsically safe installation and grounding dispatcher not greater than 0.5 ohm.

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7/15/24, 3:28 PM (18) Instrumentation Earthing | LinkedIn

(18) Instrumentation Earthing | LinkedIn

Instrument earthing system shall consist of the following earth type:

Electrical earthing (also called dirty earthing or Protective Earthing (PE))

How to do an electrical earthing?

Armor of field instrument cable shall be terminated at cable gland.

Intrinsically Safe earthing

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