4040 Syllabus For 2018, 2019, 2020 PDF
4040 Syllabus For 2018, 2019, 2020 PDF
Cambridge O Level
Statistics
4040
For examination in November 2018, 2019 and 2020
Availability
• This syllabus is for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Assessment changes
• From 2018, there will no longer be a choice of questions in Section B; instead candidates will
complete all questions.
• Following the removal of optionality within the papers, the section headings will be removed.
• From 2018, there will be two assessment objectives: AO1 Knowledge and techniques; AO2
Interpretation and communication. A weighting for each AO is now included in the syllabus.
• The specimen materials have been updated to reflect refreshed content.
Significant changes to the syllabus are indicated by black vertical lines either side of the text.
You are strongly advised to read the whole syllabus before planning your teaching
programme.
Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are
permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission
to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a
Centre.
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Why choose Cambridge?
1.2 Why choose Cambridge O Level?
1.3 Why choose Cambridge O Level Statistics?
1.4 How can I find out more?
2. Teacher support.............................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Support materials
2.2 Endorsed resources
2.3 Training
1. Introduction
Our programmes set the global standard for international education. They are created by subject experts,
are rooted in academic rigour, and provide a strong platform for progression. Over 10 000 schools in 160
countries work with us to prepare nearly a million learners for their future with an international education
from Cambridge.
Cambridge learners
Cambridge programmes and qualifications develop not only subject knowledge but also skills. We
encourage Cambridge learners to be:
• confident in working with information and ideas – their own and those of others
• responsible for themselves, responsive to and respectful of others
• reflective as learners, developing their ability to learn
• innovative and equipped for new and future challenges
• engaged intellectually and socially, ready to make a difference.
Recognition
Cambridge O Level is internationally recognised by schools, universities and employers as equivalent in
demand to Cambridge IGCSE® (International General Certificate of Secondary Education). There are over
700 000 entries a year in nearly 70 countries. Learn more at www.cie.org.uk/recognition
Our systems for managing the provision of international qualifications and education programmes
for learners aged 5 to 19 are certified as meeting the internationally recognised standard for quality
management, ISO 9001:2008. Learn more at www.cie.org.uk/ISO9001
2 Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Introduction
Our aim is to balance knowledge, understanding and skills in our programmes and qualifications to enable
students to become effective learners and to provide a solid foundation for their continuing educational
journey.
Through our professional development courses and our support materials for Cambridge O Levels, we
provide the tools to enable teachers to prepare learners to the best of their ability and work with us in the
pursuit of excellence in education.
Cambridge O Level Statistics is recognised by universities and employers throughout the world as proof
of statistical knowledge and understanding. Successful Cambridge O Level Statistics candidates acquire
knowledge of basic statistical ideas, methods and terminology. Study of the content of the syllabus enables
candidates to:
• represent and use statistical data in graphical, diagrammatic and tabular forms
• interpret statistical statements, calculations and diagrams
• perform statistical calculations with appropriate accuracy
• acquire knowledge of elementary ideas in probability.
Cambridge O Level Statistics provides a suitable foundation for further study in the subject, as well as
developing concepts which are relevant in a wide range of other subjects.
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020. 3
Introduction
Prior learning
Candidates beginning this course are not expected to have studied Statistics previously.
Progression
Cambridge O Levels are general qualifications that enable candidates to progress either directly to
employment, or to proceed to further qualifications.
Candidates who are awarded grades C to A* in Cambridge O Level Statistics are well prepared to follow
courses leading to AS and A Level Statistics, or the equivalent.
4 Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Teacher support
2. Teacher support
You can also go to our public website at www.cie.org.uk/olevel to download current and future syllabuses
together with specimen papers or past question papers and examiner reports from one series.
For teachers at registered Cambridge schools a range of additional support materials for specific
syllabuses is available online from Teacher Support, our secure online support for Cambridge teachers.
Go to http://teachers.cie.org.uk (username and password required).
We have resource lists which can be filtered to show all resources, or just those which are endorsed by
Cambridge. The resource lists include further suggestions for resources to support teaching.
2.3 Training
We offer a range of support activities for teachers to ensure they have the relevant knowledge and skills to
deliver our qualifications. See www.cie.org.uk/events for further information.
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020. 5
Syllabus content at a glance
Candidates for Cambridge O Level Statistics study the following topic areas:
1. Data and its collection
2. Summary representation of data
3. Formation of data into ungrouped or grouped frequency distributions
4. Formation of frequency distributions into cumulative frequency distributions
5. Statistical measures, their interpretation and appropriate use
6. Transformations involving mean and standard deviation
7. Crude and standardised rates, and their appropriate use
8. Index numbers
9. Bivariate distributions and their representation by scatter diagrams
10. Time series
11. Elementary ideas of probability
12. Probability distributions.
6 Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Assessment at a glance
4. Assessment at a glance
and
Availability
This syllabus is examined in the November examination series.
Please note that Cambridge O Level, Cambridge IGCSE and Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2
Certificate syllabuses are at the same level.
Mathematical Instruments
As well as the usual mathematical instruments, candidates may use flexicurves in this examination.
Mathematical Notation
Please see the list of mathematical notation at the end of this booklet.
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020. 7
Syllabus aims and assessment objectives
The table shows the assessment objectives (AOs) as a percentage of each component and across the
qualification as a whole.
Weighting of AO in
85–90 10–15
qualification
8 Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Syllabus content
6. Syllabus content
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020. 9
Syllabus content
7. Crude and standardised rates, and their Including application to death rates, fertility
appropriate use. rates, accident rates.
10 Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Syllabus content
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020. 11
Mathematical notation
7. Mathematical notation
The list which follows summarises the notation used in Cambridge’s mathematics examinations. Although
primarily directed towards Advanced Level, the list also applies, where relevant, to examinations at
Cambridge O Level.
1. Set Notation
∈ is an element of
∉ is not an element of
{x1, x2,…} the set with elements x1, x2, …
{x: …} the set of all x such that …
n( A) the number of elements in set A
Ø the empty set
the universal set
A´ the complement of the set A
N the set of natural numbers, {1, 2, 3, …}
Z the set of integers {0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, …}
+
Z the set of positive integers {1, 2, 3, …}
Zn the set of integers modulo n, {0, 1, 2, …, n – 1}
Q the set of rational numbers
Q +
the set of positive rational numbers, {x ∈ Q: x . 0}
Q +
0 the set of positive rational numbers and zero, {x ∈ Q: x ù 0}
R the set of real numbers
R +
the set of positive real numbers {x ∈ R: x . 0}
R +
0 the set of positive real numbers and zero {x ∈ R: x ù 0}
n
R the real n-tuples
C the set of complex numbers
⊆ is a subset of
⊂ is a proper subset of
⊈ is not a subset of
⊄ is not a proper subset of
∪ union
∩ intersection
[a, b] the closed interval {x ∈ R: a ø x ø b}
[a, b) the interval {x ∈ R: a ø x , b}
(a, b] the interval {x ∈ R: a , x ø b}
(a, b) the open interval {x ∈ R: a , x , b}
yRx y is related to x by the relation R
y∼x y is equivalent to x, in the context of some equivalence relation
12 Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Mathematical notation
2. Miscellaneous Symbols
= is equal to
≠ is not equal to
≡ is identical to or is congruent to
≈ is approximately equal to
≅ is isomorphic to
∝ is proportional to
,, ,, is less than, is much less than
ø,³ is less than or equal to, is not greater than
., .. is greater than, is much greater than
ù, ² is greater than or equal to, is not less than
∞ infinity
3. Operations
a+b a plus b
a−b a minus b
a × b; ab; a.b a multiplied by b
a
a ÷ b; b ; a/b a divided by b
a:b the ratio of a to b
n
/ ai a 1 + a2 + … + an
i=1
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020. 13
Mathematical notation
4. Functions
f function f
f (x) the value of the function f at x
f:A→B f is a function under which each element of set A has an image
in set B
f:x⟼y the function f maps the element x to the element y
f –1
the inverse of the function f
g ° f; gf the composite function of f and g which is defined by
(g ° f )(x) or gf (x) = g(f (x))
lim f(x) the limit of f(x) as x tends to a
x→a
∆ x;δ x an increment of x
dy
dx the derivative of y with respect to x
dn y
the nth derivative of y with respect to x
dxn
f ´(x), f ´´(x), …, f (n)(x) the first, second, …, nth derivatives of f (x) with respect to x
2y
the partial derivative of y with respect to x
2x
xo , xp, f the first, second, … derivatives of x with respect to time
14 Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Mathematical notation
7. Complex Numbers
i square root of –1
z a complex number, z = x + iy
a complex number, z = r (cos θ + i sin θ), r ∈ R+0
a complex number, z = reiθ, r ∈ R+0
Re z the real part of z, Re (x + iy) = x
Im z the imaginary part of z, Im (x + iy) = y
z the modulus of z, | x + iy | = ^ x2 + y2h , | r (cos θ + i sin θ)| = r
arg z the argument of z, arg(r (cos θ + i sin θ)) = θ, – π , θ ø π
z* the complex conjugate of z, (x + iy)* = x – iy
8. Matrices
M a matrix M
−1
M the inverse of the square matrix M
T
M the transpose of the matrix M
det M the determinant of the square matrix M
9. Vectors
a the vector a
AB the vector represented in magnitude and direction by the directed line segment AB
â a unit vector in the direction of the vector a
i, j, k unit vectors in the directions of the cartesian coordinate axes
a the magnitude of a
AB the magnitude of AB
a.b the scalar product of a and b
a×b the vector product of a and b
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020. 15
Mathematical notation
φ probability density function of the standardised normal variable with distribution N(0, 1)
Φ corresponding cumulative distribution function
ρ linear product-moment correlation coefficient for a population
r linear product-moment correlation coefficient for a sample
Cov(X, Y) covariance of X and Y
16 Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020.
Other information
8. Other information
The standard assessment arrangements may present unnecessary barriers for candidates with disabilities
or learning difficulties. Arrangements can be put in place for these candidates to enable them to access the
assessments and receive recognition of their attainment. Access arrangements will not be agreed if they
give candidates an unfair advantage over others or if they compromise the standards being assessed.
Candidates who are unable to access the assessment of any component may be eligible to receive an
award based on the parts of the assessment they have taken.
Information on access arrangements is found in the Cambridge Handbook which can be downloaded from
the website www.cie.org.uk/examsofficers
Language
This syllabus and the associated assessment materials are available in English only.
Entry codes
To maintain the security of our examinations, we produce question papers for different areas of the world,
known as ‘administrative zones’. Where the component entry code has two digits, the first digit is the
component number given in the syllabus. The second digit is the location code, specific to an administrative
zone. Information about entry codes can be found in the Cambridge Guide to Making Entries.
Cambridge O Level Statistics 4040. Syllabus for examination in 2018, 2019 and 2020. 17
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