1. What is MATLAB?

2. What are the applications oI MATLAB?

3. State sampling theorem.
4. What is meant by Nyquist rate and Nyquist criteria?
5. Explain scaling and superposition properties oI a system.
6. What is meant by linearity oI a system and how it is related to scaling and superposition?
7. What is impulse Iunction?
8. What is meant by impulse response?
9. What is energy signal? How to calculate energy oI a signal?
10. What is power signal? How to calculate power oI a signal?
11. DiIIerentiate between even and odd signals.
12. Explain time invariance property oI a system with an example.
13. What is memory less system?
14. When a system is said to have memory?
15. What is meant by causality?
16. Explain linear convolution and circular convolution.
17. What is the length oI linear and circular convolutions iI the two sequences are having the
length n1 and n2?
18. What are Fourier series and Fourier transIorm?
19. What are the advantages and special applications oI Fourier transIorm, Fourier series, Z
transIorm and Laplace transIorm?
20. DiIIerentiate between DTFT and DFT. Why it is advantageous to use DFT in computers
rather than DTFT?
In DTFT, Irequency appears to be continuous. But, in DFT, Irequency is discrete. This
property is useIul Ior computation in computers.
21. How to perIorm linear convolution using circular convolution?
II two signals x (n) and y (n) are oI length n1 and n2, then the linear convoluted output z
(n) is oI length n1n2-1. Each oI the input signals is padded with zeros to make it oI
length n1n2-1. Then circular convolution is done on zero padded sequences to get the
linear convolution oI original input sequences x (n) and y (n).
22. What is meant by correlation?
Correlation is the measure oI similarity between two signal/waveIorms. It compares the
waveIorms at diIIerent time instants.
23. What is auto-correlation?
It is a measure oI similarity oI similarity oI a signal/waveIorm with itselI.
24. What is cross-correlation?
25. What are the advantages oI using autocorrelation and cross correlation properties in signal
processing Iields?
26. How auto-correlation can be used to detect the presence oI noise?
27. DiIIerentiate between IIR Iilters and FIR Iilters.
Signal
Real-Time
Signal
Processor
Refined
Data



28. What is the procedure to design a digital Butterworth Iilter?
29. What is the diIIerence between Butterworth, Chebyshev I and Chebyshev II Iilters?
30. What are diIIerence equations and diIIerential equations?
31. What is non real time processing?

32. What is meant by real time processing?
O Ability to collect, analyze, and modiIy signals in real-time
O Real-Time: As these signals are occurring
O We can analyze and process signals while collecting them, not at a later time.


Signal
Collector
Raw
Data
Processor
Refined
Data
Disadvantages
Require higher order
Increased hardware
More computations
Larger input and
output delays
Cost more
Sensitive to data
round oII and cutoII
Make become
unstable
!oor phase response
FIR IIR
Advantages
cost lesser
Faster computations
Less hardware, computations
Easier to design
Lower order required
FIR IIR

Stable
Highly precise
Finite duration impulse response
Excellent phase response
The word-size eIIect such as round-
oII noise and coeIIicient
quantization errors are much less
severe in FIR.

33. What is a Digital Signal !rocessor (DS!)?
Microprocessor speciIically designed to perIorm Iast DS! operations (e.g., Fast Fourier
TransIorms, inner products, Multiply & Accumulate)
O ood at arithmetic operations (multiplication/division)
O Mostly programmed with Assembly and C through Integrated Development
Environment (IDE)
34. DiIIerentiate between RISC and CISC architectures.

RISC Emphasis
on
soItware
Single-
clock,
reduced
instruction
only
large
code
size
Better C
compilers
CISC Emphasis
on
hardware
Includes
multi-clock
complex
instructions
Small
code
sizes
!oor C
compilers

35. DiIIerentiate between eneral purpose M!&(Micro !rocessor &nit) and DS! !rocessor
!& are built for a range of general-purpose functions such as:
Data manipulation
Math calculations
Control systems
They run large blocks oI soItware
They are used in real-time and in unreal-time systems
DS!s are single-minded, dedicated to:
!erIorm mathematical calculations
Small blocks oI soItware
Have a predictable execution time
Real-time only
Could assist a general-purpose host M!&

36. What is pipelining?
DS!
Arithmetic
Varying internal Iormat
Multiple memory access
Special addressing mode
Very large internal memory

icroprocessor
eneral purpose
Fixed internal Iormat
Single memory access
eneral addressing mode
Very large external memory

37. What is parallel processing?
38. What is MAC?
39. What is barrel shiIter? Why it is advantageous to use it in DS! processor?
40. DiIIerentiate between Iloating point DS! and Iixed point DS!.
41. Fixed !oint/Floating !oint
O Iixed point processor are :
i. cheaper
ii. smaller
iii. less power consuming
iv. Harder to program
1. Watch Ior errors: truncation, overIlow, rounding
v. Limited dynamic range
vi. &sed in 95 oI consumer products
O Iloating point processors
i. have larger accuracy
ii. are much easier to program
iii. can access larger memory
iv. It is harder to create an eIIicient program in C on a Iixed point processors
than on Iloating point processors


42. What is code composer studio?
Floating Point Fixed Point
pplications
Modems
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
Wireless Base stations
Digital Imaging
3D raphics
Speech Recognition
Voice over I!
Applications
!ortable !roducts
2, 2.5 and 3 Cell !hones
Digital Audio !layers
Digital Still Cameras
Voice Recognition
Headsets
Fingerprint Recognition
! !i ip pe el li in ne e
S St ta ag ge e
! !F F
D D
E E E Ex xe ec cu ut te e i in ns st tr ru uc ct ti io on n
R Ro ou ut te e o op pc co od de e t to o I Iu un nc ct ti io on na al l u un ni it t
D De ec co od de e i in ns st tr ru uc ct ti io on n
e en ne er ra at te e p pr ro og gr ra am m I Ie et tc ch h a ad dd dr re es ss s
R Re ea ad d o op pc co od de e
D De es sc cr ri ip pt ti io on n
43. Explain Von-Neumann and Harvard architectures

O 'on Neumann Architecture : Single memory shared by both the program
instructions and data


O arvard Architecture : Two separate memories, a program memory (!M) Ior
instructions, and a data
memory (DM) Ior data

44. What are Line-in, Line-out,
Mic-in, Mic-out?

ReIerence: Digital signal processing by Dr. anesh Rao & Vineeta !. ejji.