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    Sex Determination in MELANDRIUM

    Uploaded by

    appuschizoid19

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    SEX DETERMINATION IN MELANDRIUM

    Melandruim album (2n = 24), a dioecious species with heteromorphic sex chromosomes (XY, males and
    XX, females). By 1900, when microscope techniques had become quite well developed and chromosome
    behaviour was understood, it was noticed that there was one pair of chromosomes that differed from
    others. In females, the members of this pair were similar, but differ in appearance in other sex (males).
    The two chromosomes, that were alike (in female) were the same as one of the members of the unlike
    pair in male. The chromosome which was present in pair in female and single in male was identified as X
    chromosome. In males, the other chromosome was called as Y. So, the two sexes can be characterized
    as:

    Female = XX

    Male = XY

    X-chromosomes were first identified by Wilson and Stevens in 1905. The so called XY system occurs in
    wide variety of animals including Drosophila and mammals, as well as at least in some plants (e.g.,
    Lychnis, an angiosperm).

    X and Y chromosomes are called as sex chromosomes (allosomes), the remaining ones of a given
    complement, which are same in both sexes are called as autosomes. The type of system discussed above
    is called as XX-XY system.

    Sex determination mechanism in Melandrium album was proposed by HE Warmke. In Melandrium, Y


    chromosome is longer than X-chromosome, and that they form a heteromorphic bivalent at meiosis. The
    X and Y chromosomes were divided into five different segments. These segments are known to regulate
    different stages of development of sex organs. The X and also the Y chromosomes have a standard
    segment IV, which helps in pairing and regular disjunction of X and Y chromosomes during meiosis. The
    rest of sex chromosome has three segments, namely I, suppressing femaleness; II, initiating anther
    development and III, controlling late stage of anther development. The X-chromosome also includes a
    differential segment V, which should promote femaleness within the absence of female suppressing
    segment I on Y chromosome.

    Segment I: Suppress femaleness: it inhibit the event of female structure within the flower

    Segment II: Initiate anther development

    Segment III: Control later stages of anther development

    Segment IV: Homologous with the region IV on X chromosome

    Segment V: Chromosome specific region

    A plant with AAXY constitution that lacking segment I of sex chromosome thanks to mutation or
    deletion, are bisexual. This is often because, within the absence of segment I on the sex chromosome
    (whose function is to suppress femaleness) the segment V on X chromosome promote the event of
    female structures.

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