Telangana Economy Notes by AKS IAS

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elanganaE
conomy
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Contents
An Introduction of Telangana Economy............................................................................................................................ 3
Telangana Budget 2022-23 ............................................................................................................................................... 5
Telangana Trade and Commerce .................................................................................................................................... 11
Agriculture and Allied Activities ...................................................................................................................................... 14
INDUSTRIES ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22
SERVICES ......................................................................................................................................................................... 30
Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Health ............................................................................................................................................................................. 39
WELFARE......................................................................................................................................................................... 43
FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 50
URBAN DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................................................................... 53

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An Introduction of Telangana Economy
Telangana state was formed in June 2014 post the split of erstwhile Andhra Pradesh. The earlier capital city of
Hyderabad is part of Telangana. The state holds an advantage as it possesses readymade capital with necessary
infrastructure and ecosystem.
Telangana’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) for 2021-2022 at current prices (AE) is Rs. 11.55 lakh crore.
Telangana’s GSDP at current prices increased by 19.1% in 2021-22.
Telangana’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at current prices achieved a positive growth rate (2.2%) in the
year 2020-21. In contrast, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country declined by 1.4%. At constant (2011-
12) prices, while the country’s GDP contracted by 6.6% in 2020-21, the decline in the state’s GSDP was limited
to 3.5%.
The year 2021-22 was one of economic revival, with the state as well as the national economy rebounding, and
achieving a ‘V-shaped’ recovery. The country’s GDP at constant (2011-12) prices grew by 8.9%, while that of the
state grew by 11.2% – higher than the country’s by 3.6 percentage points. At current prices, Telangana’s GSDP
grew by 19.1% in 2021-22. Thus, the state economy was resilient to the challenges imposed by the COVID-19
pandemic
Agriculture of Telangana
The agriculture and allied sectors in the state remained strong throughout the pandemic and after, achieving a
robust growth in current price GVA of 12.24% and 9.09% in 2020-21 and 2021- 22, respectively.Telangana’s
economy was long dominated by agriculture, notably the production of rice. The state’s rivers, particularly the
Godavari and the Krishna, have been tapped to provide irrigation for the dry interior, although many areas still
depend on the somewhat unpredictable monsoon rainfall. In addition to rice, other important crops are corn
(maize) and cotton. The Nagarjuna Sagar multipurpose dam project on the border with Andhra Pradesh, which
diverts the waters of the Krishna for irrigation, has substantially increased the production of rice and sugarcane.
Rice flour, rice-bran oil, paints and varnishes, soaps and detergents, cardboard and other packaging materials,
and cattle feed are all produced from local paddy rice. Other agricultural commodities include chili peppers,
sorghum, pulses (peas, beans, and lentils), castor beans, and peanuts (groundnuts), as well as a variety of
tropical fruits. Livestock raising and aquaculture are also important, each accounting for a small but still
significant component of annual economic output. The state’s woodlands annually yield high-quality timber,
such as teak and eucalyptus. Non-timber forest products—including sal seeds (from which an edible oil is
extracted), tendu leaves (for rolling cigarettes), gum karaya (a type of emulsifier), and bamboo—are also
important. The state government initiated a major reforestation program.
Mineral of Telangana
Among Telangana’s principal mineral resources are coal, limestone, quartz, granite, feldspar, dolomite, and
barite. The diamond mines of the Golconda Plateau were once renowned worldwide for producing the Koh-i-
noor diamond and other famous stones; efforts have been made to revive production in the area. Most of
Telangana’s energy is produced by thermal generators in the public sector, with hydroelectric power stations
providing an important secondary source of energy. In addition, the government has taken steps to develop
wind and solar energyproduction.

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Industries of Telangana
Industrial sector in Telangana experienced a decline in GVA (growth rate of -1.73%) at current prices in 2020-
21, the sector grew at a notable 20.23% in 2021-22 (AE). Several major manufacturing and services industries
are in operation mainly around Hyderabad. Automobiles and auto components industry, spices, mines and
minerals, textiles and apparels, pharmaceutical, horticulture, poultry farming are the main industries in
Telangana.
In terms of services, Hyderabad is usually nicknamed as Cyberabad due to its information technology foray and
location of major software industries in the city. Prior to secession, it contributed 15% to India’s and 98% to
Adhra Pradesh’s exports in IT and ITES sectors last 2013 With Hyderabad as in the front line of Telangana’s aims
to promote information technology in India, the city boasts the HITEC City as its premier hub.
Power of Telangana
Availability of quality power is indispensable for improving living standards and the growth of economy. State
Government aimed at providing at least 9 hour a day free power supply for agricultural purpose and
uninterrupted power supply for industrial and domestic consumption.
At the time of its formation in 2014, Telangana was reeling under a power crisis with an installed capacity3 of
9,470 MW. Through the persistent efforts by the Government, the installed capacity of power in Telangana
increased from 9,470 MW in 2014-15 to 17,218 MW in 2020-21, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of
10.48% .
Telangana has the fourth-highest per capita availability of power in the country at 1,905 kWh as of 2020-21.
Tourism of Telangana
Tourism is a significant sub-sector under the services sector of Telangana. The Ramappa temple and
Pochampally village gained world-wide recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a UNWTO Best World
Tourism Village in 2021, respectively.Tourism is now one of the world’s largest industries and one of its fastest
growing economic sectors. Tourism may have a positive economic impact on the balance of payments,
employment, gross income and production
Telangana is not only Hyderabad but, also offers the heritage site of the Kakatiya Fort, Rammappa Temple and
the Thousand pillar temple at Warangal; for the Spiritually inclined, Lord Sri Ram Temple at Bhadrachalam,
Heritage of Hyderabad and Warangal will be our focus area apart from the ancient temples at Yadrigutta,
Vemulawada, Bhadrachalam, etc.
Key Points:
• Telangana’s Per Capita Income (Rs. 2.79 lakh) is 1.86 times the national figure (Rs.1.50 lakh) in 2021- 22,
Telangana is on a healthy growth trajectory that meets the aspirations of its residents
• Time period in which an average citizen can expect his/her income to double is 5 to 6 years in Telangana
compared to 8 to 9 years in India as a whole.

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• The Rythu Bandhu scheme has crossed the milestone of Rs. 50,000 crores (Rs. 50,448 crores) in 8 seasons
starting from Vanakalam, 2018 to Yasangi, 2021- 22, reaching around 63 lakh beneficiaries under the
scheme.
• Telangana is the most favoured location for next generation sectors like Artificial Intelligence,
Blockchain, Cloud Adoption, and Cybersecurity.
• The Services sector witnessed a remarkable growth of 18.32% in its GVA at current prices in 2021- 22,
against a growth of 0.91% in 2020-21.
Telangana Budget 2022-23

The Finance Minister of Telangana, Mr. T. Harish Rao, presented the Budget for the state for the financial year
2022-23 on March 7, 2022.
Budget Highlights
• The Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) of the state for 2022-23 (at current prices) is projected to be Rs
13.04 lakh crore. This is a growth of 13% over the revised estimate of GSDP for 2021-22 (Rs 11.54 lakh crore).
In 2021-22, GSDP is estimated to grow at 19.1% over the previous year (at current prices).
• Expenditure (excluding debt repayment) in 2022-23 is estimated to be Rs 2,45,257 crore, a 22% increase
over the revised estimates of 2021-22 (Rs 2,00,943 crore). In addition, debt of Rs 11,702 crore will be repaid
by the state in 2022-23. In 2021-22, expenditure (excluding debt repayment) is estimated to be 9% lower
than the budget estimate.
• Receipts (excluding borrowings) for 2022-23 are estimated to be Rs 1,93,089 crore, an increase of 24% over
the revised estimates of 2021-22 (Rs 1,56,177 crore). In 2021-22, receipts (excluding borrowings) are
estimated to be 11% lower than the budget estimate (Rs 1,76,177 crore).
• Fiscal deficit for 2022-23 is targeted at Rs 52,167 crore (4% of GSDP). In 2021-22, as per the revised
estimates, fiscal deficit is expected to be 3.88% of GSDP, lower than the budget estimate of 3.94% of GSDP.
• Revenue surplus for 2022-23 is estimated to be 0.29% of the GSDP (Rs 3,755 crore). In 2021-22, the state is
estimated to observe a revenue surplus of 0.38% of GSDP, lower than the budget estimate of 0.58% of GSDP.
Policy Highlights

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• Education: The state’s first
women university will be
established. An outlay of Rs
100 crore has been
proposed for the same.
Over the next two years,
medical colleges will be
established in all districts.
• Healthcare: Super specialty
hospitals will be established
in all four parts of
Hyderabad. These
institutions will be
collectively known as
Telangana Institutions of
Medical Sciences. To
improve sanitation in hospitals, wages paid to sanitary workers will be increased.
• Social security: From next financial year, the age limit for Aasara pension (old age pension scheme) will be reduced
from 65 years to 57 years.
Budget Estimates for 2022-23
• Expenditure (excluding debt repayment) in 2022-23 is targeted at Rs 2,45,257 crore. This is an increase of
22% over the revised estimate of 2021-22 (Rs 2,00,943 crore). This expenditure is proposed to be met
through receipts (excluding borrowings) of Rs 1,93,089 crore and net borrowings of Rs 47,970 crore. Receipts
(excluding borrowings) for 2022-23 are expected to register an increase of 24% over the revised estimate of
2021-22. In 2021-22, receipts are estimated to be 11% lower than the budget estimates.
• In 2022-23, the state is estimated to observe a revenue surplus of Rs 3,755 crore, which is 0.29% of its GSDP.
In comparison, in 2021-22, the state is expected to observe a revenue surplus of 0.38% of GSDP as per the
revised estimates (Rs 4,395 crore).
• Fiscal deficit in 2022-23 is estimated to be 4% of GSDP which is equal to the limit of 4% of GSDP permitted
by the central government as per the Union Budget 2022-23 (of which, 0.50% of GSDP will be made available
upon undertaking power sector reforms). In 2021-22, the state has estimated a fiscal deficit of 3.88% of
GSDP, lower than the limit of 4.5% of GSDP permitted by the central government (of which, 0.50% of GSDP
becomes available upon undertaking power sector reforms).
Expenditure in 2022-23
• Revenue expenditure in 2022-23 is estimated to be Rs 1,89,275 crore, which is an increase of 25% over the
revised estimate of 2021-22 (Rs 1,51,732 crore). This expenditure includes the payment of salaries, pensions,
interest, and subsidies. In 2021-22, as per the revised estimates, revenue expenditure is estimated to be
10% lower than the budget estimate.
• Capital outlay in 2022-23 is estimated to be Rs 29,728 crore, which is an increase of 15% over the revised
estimate of 2021-22. Capital outlay comprises expenditure towards creation of assets. This includes
expenditure on building schools, hospitals, and roads and bridges. In 2021-22, capital outlay is estimated to
be 11% lower than the budget estimate.

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• Committed expenditure: Committed expenditure of a state typically includes expenditure on payment of

salaries, pensions, and interest. Allocation of a large portion of the budget towards committed expenditure
items limits the state’s flexibility to decide on other expenditure priorities such as developmental schemes
and capital outlay. Estimation for allocation towards salaries in 2022-23 is not available. As per revised
estimates of 2021- 22, Telangana is estimated to spend Rs 54,895 crore on committed expenditure items,
which is 35% of its revenue receipts. This comprises spending on salaries (14% of revenue receipts), pension
(6%), and interest payments (9%). On average, states spend 55% of their revenue receipts on committed
expenditure (as per 2021- 22 budget estimates). In 2022-23, the state is estimated to spend 6% of its revenue
receipts on pension and 10% on interest payments
Sector-wise expenditure: The sectors listed below account for 69% of the total expenditure on sectors by the
state in 2022-23

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Receipts in 2022-23
• Total revenue receipts for 2022-23 are estimated to be Rs 1,93,029 crore, an increase of 24% over the revised
estimate of 2021-22. Of this, Rs 1,33,634 crore (69%) will be raised by the state through its own resources
(tax and non-tax revenue), and Rs 59,396 crore (31%) will come from the centre. Resources from the centre
will be in the form of state’s share in central taxes (10% of revenue receipts) and grants (21% of revenue
receipts).
• Devolution: In 2022-23, the state estimates to receive Rs 18,394 crore in the form of share in central taxes,
an increase of 31% over the revised estimates of 2021-22.
• Grants from central government: Grants from the government are estimated to increase by 43% over the
revised estimates of 2021-22. Note that 2021-22 revised estimates are 85% more than the 2020-21 actual
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figures for grants from central government. This is mainly on account of funds estimated as “Special Package
and Additional Central Assistants” grant. In 2022-23, the state has estimated to receive Rs 25,555 crore in
the form of these grants. In 2021-22, the state has estimate to receive Rs 15,105 crore on account of this
special package grant.
• State’s own tax revenue: In 2022-23, total own tax revenue of the state is estimated to be Rs 1,08,212 crore,
an increase of 16% over the revised estimate of 2021-22. State’s own tax revenue as a percentage of GSDP
is estimated to increase from 6.8% of GSDP in 2020-21 (as per actuals) to 8.2% of GSDP in 2022-23 (as per
budget estimate). This implies that tax revenue is estimated to grow at a higher rate than GSDP.
• State’s own non-tax revenue: In 2022-23, the state is estimated to earn Rs 25,422 crore in the form of state’s
own non-tax revenue, a 13% increase over the revised estimates of 2021-22. Of this, Rs 15,500 crore is
estimated to come from sale of land and property. In 2021-22, state’s own non-tax revenue is estimated to
register a decrease of 33% over the budget estimate. In 2021-22, the state had estimated non- tax revenue
of Rs 5,002 crore from the housing sector at the budget stage, which has been revised down to Rs 1.73 lakh.
• In 2022-23, SGST is estimated to be the largest source of own tax revenue (33%). SGST revenue in 2022-23
is estimated at Rs 36,203 crore, which is a 17% increase over the revised estimates of 2021-22. In 2021-22
as per revised estimates, SGST revenue is estimated to be same as the budget estimate. While the budget
has not estimated a back-to-back loan in-lieu of GST compensation in 2021-22, as per Union Ministry of
Finance, Telangana has received Rs 2,380 crore as GST compensation loan in 2020-21 and Rs 4,569 crore in
2021-22.
• In 2022-23, revenue from both sales tax/VAT and stamp duty and registration fees is expected to increase
by 25% over revised estimates of 2021-22. Sales tax/VAT is the second largest source of own tax revenue
after SGST in 2022-23 (30% of own tax revenue).
Deficits and Debt Targets for 2022-23
• The Telangana Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2005 provides annual targets to
progressively reduce the outstanding liabilities, revenue deficit, and fiscal deficit of the state government.
• Revenue Balance: It is the difference of revenue expenditure and revenue receipts. A revenue deficit implies
that the government needs to borrow to finance its expenses which do not increase its assets or reduces its
liabilities. In 2022-23, Telangana is estimated to observe a revenue surplus of Rs 3,755 crore, which is 0.29%
of the GSDP. According to revised estimates, Telangana is expected to have a revenue surplus of Rs 4,395
crore (0.38% GSDP) in 2021-22. In 2020-21, the state observed a revenue deficit of Rs 22,298 crore (2.30%
of GSDP).
• Fiscal deficit: It is the excess of total expenditure over total receipts. This gap is filled by borrowings by the
government and leads to an increase in total liabilities of the state government. In 2022-23, the fiscal deficit
is estimated to be Rs 52,167 crore (4% of GSDP). It is equal to the limit of 4% of GSDP permitted by the
central government in 2022-23 as per the Union Budget (of which, 0.5% of GSDP will be made available upon
undertaking power sector reforms). As per the revised estimates, in 2021-22, the fiscal deficit of the state is
expected to be 3.88% of GSDP, which is less than the budget estimate of 3.94% of GSDP. It is within the 4.5%
limit permitted by the central government for 2021-22 (of which, 0.5% of GSDP becomes available upon
undertaking power sector reforms). As per the FRBM statements presented along with the budget, the
state’s fiscal deficit is targeted at 3.50% of GSDP in 2023-24 and 2024-25.
• For states, the 15th Finance Commission recommended the fiscal deficit limit (as % of GSDP) of: (i) 4% in
2021-22, (ii) 3.5% in 2022-23, and (iii) 3% during 2023-26. Further, extra annual borrowing worth 0.5% of
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GSDP will be allowed to states for four years (2021-25) upon undertaking power sector reforms. These
reforms include Direct Benefit Transfer to farmers, reduction in technical and commercial losses of discoms,
and reduction in revenue gap. In his budget speech, the Finance Minister stated that Telangana will not be
undertaking reforms in the power sector as required by the central government for additional borrowing.
Outstanding liabilities: Outstanding liabilities is the accumulation of total borrowings at the end of a financial
year, it also includes any liabilities on public account. Outstanding liabilities are set to rise from 21.32% of
GSDP in 2019-20 to 25.29% of GSDP in 2022-23.
Outstanding Government Guarantees: Outstanding liabilities of states do not include a few other liabilities that
are contingent in nature, which states may have to honour in certain cases. State governments guarantee the
borrowings of State Public Sector Enterprises (SPSEs) from financial institutions. At the end of 2021-22, the
outstanding guarantee of the state is estimated to be 11.7% of GSDP, higher than 10.8% of GSDP at the end of
2020-21. Note that as of 2019-20, outstanding guarantee given by states was around 3.3% of their GSDP. The
state’s FRBM Act stipulates to limit the amount of annual incremental risk weighted guarantees to 200% of the
total revenue receipts in the year preceding the current year. Telangana’s guarantees are within these limits.
Comparison of states’ expenditure on key sectors
The graphs below compare Telangana’s expenditure on six key sectors as a proportion of its total expenditure
on all sectors. The average for a sector indicates the average expenditure in that sector by 30 states (including
Telangana) as per their budget estimates of 2021-22.
• Education: Telangana has allocated 7.3% of its total expenditure for education in 2022-23. This is lower than
the average allocation (15.2%) for education by all states (as per 2021-22 Budget Estimates).
• Health: Telangana has allocated 5.0% of its total expenditure on health, which is lower than the average
allocation for health by states (6%).
• Agriculture: The state has allocated 12.4% of its total expenditure towards agriculture and allied activities.
This is twice than the average allocation for agriculture by states (6.2%).
• Rural development: Telangana has allocated 3.9% of its expenditure on rural development. This is lower
than the average allocation for rural development by states (5.7%).
• Roads and bridges: Telangana has allocated 3.2% of its total expenditure on roads and bridges, which is
lower than the average allocation by states (4.7%).
• Welfare of SC, ST, OBC, and Minorities: Telangana has allocated 14.4% of its total expenditure on the same,
which is significantly higher than the average expenditure by states (2.9%)

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Telangana Trade and Commerce

Historic View:-
The British had set up Hyderabad as the largest state in the Indian subcontinent, but left it with a backward
economy. The richer agricultural regions which the Nizam had earlier controlled – Berar (Vidarbha) and coastal
Andhra-were annexed to British territories.
Based primarily on the Deccan plateau, between the Krishna and Godavari rivers, the state had mainly a dry
economy cultivating jawar and bajra and limited rice, wheat and pulses as the main food crops. Irrigation and
commercial agriculture did not really become significant until the 1930s when cotton and sugarcane
cultivation began on a larger scale. Throughout the period, there was little growth of agriculturally linked trade
and business, and little development of roads and other infrastructure. Only minor industry developed in the
towns of Hyderabad, Warangal and Aurangabad, with some coal mining in the Telangana region.

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Society of the former Hyderabad State was essentially rural-based, as around 88% of the population resided in
villages. Poor literacy rate which stood at 70 literates per 1000 persons in 1940-41 remaining lowest not only
as compared to British Indian Provinces, but even as compared to some of the Native States.
The Seventh Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan was very good administrator who has taken number of steps to
improve the administration by studying the problems of debt, tenancy, constitutional reforms and took
measures including construction of reservoirs and development of irrigation, establishment of cooperative
credit system through organized banks, study of rural and agrarian conditions, indebtedness, tenancy
problems, etc.,
In 1920, there were 120 factories in the state, excluding cotton ginning and pressing mills. An industrial
alcohol factory (1925), a soap factory (1919), the Shahbad Cement Factory (1925) and the Deccan Glass works
(1927) were some of 105 the important units started up to 1930. During the Second World War, two metal
factories, two cigarette factories (Charminar and Golconda factories), Nizam Sugar Factory (1939), Praga Tools
Corporation (1943) and Allwyn Metal Works (1942) were established. After the War, Sirsilks and Sirpur Paper
Mills at Sirpur were established. The expenditure on industries and commerce also gradually increased from
1912-13 onwards.
Current Scenario:-
The Industries & Commerce Department is under control of General Administration Department, Government
of Telangana, Secretariat, Hyderabad. This Department is looking after the Sections like Mines, Handlooms &
Textiles, Industrial Establishment – Sugar Industries & Commerce, Export & Promotion, INF & IP (Infrastructure
& Industrial Promotion), MSME-FP- Biotech, Vigilance & IFR & Miscellaneous.
Industries
The development and promotion of industries is an important policy priority of the Government and in the
year 2021-22, the sector contributed 20.40% to the state’s Gross Value Added (GSVA) at current prices,
besides providing employment to 18.23% of the working population in the state (2019-20). Between 2020-21
and 2021-22, the GVA of the Industrial sector increased by 20.23%.
During 2020-21, Telangana exported merchandise goods worth Rs.64,539 crore. Pharmaceutical goods and
Organic Chemicals constituted 65% of the total goods exported. The USA was the largest importer of goods
from Telangana, importing over 26.3% of all exports by value.
T-IDEA (Telangana State Industrial Development and Entrepreneur Advancement) and T-PRIDE (Telangana
State Program for Rapid Incubation Dalit Entrepreneurs incentive scheme) are important components of the
state’s industrial policy.
While TS-IDEA is aimed at using subsidies to promote industrial development in Telangana, T-PRIDE is the
state’s flagship programme to encourage entrepreneurship among historically marginalised groups like the SC
and ST community, women, and specially abled persons.
Telangana was declared the 3rd most attractive destination for Doing Business in India by the World Bank in
2019-20. The state has built itself as a pioneer in the export and manufacturing sector. The Government
intends to further strengthen its industry ecosystem through its manufacturing and employment centric
approach to industrial development.
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Since the formation of Telangana in 2014, several steps have been taken to foster an investor-friendly climate.
The introduction of TS-iPASS, the creation of industrial parks with plug and play facilities, provision of
competitive concessions to attract and retain investments, and the development of a skilled workforce have
been accomplished by pursuance of the industrial policy by the Government.
Framework of future policy:-
1. Enhancing the competiveness of the sector through appropriate policy to make Telangana the most
preferred destination for the Industry,
2. Attracting new investments worth Rupees 20,000 crore (approximately USD 3 billion) in the sector by
2020,
3. The state proposes to capture 20 percent share of the $100 billion market opportunity of India by 2025
with $13.5 billion share by 2020,
4. Exports target of Rupees 50,000 crore by 2020,
5. Creating an additional employment opportunity for 50,000 skilled personnel in the sector,
6. Promoting applied R&D and innovation through bridging the gap between industry, academia, and
R&D institutions
7. Promotion and strengthening of quality infrastructure,
To achieve these objectives, the Policy will utilize nine specific policy instruments:-
1. Simplification of regulatory approvals,

2. Infrastructure
3. Incubation and Funding
4. Capacity building
5. Incentives
6. Market penetration
7. Investment promotion
8. Optimum utilization of government of India schemes
9. Private sector partnership
Telangana Export
In 2020-21, Telangana sold Rs. 2,10,081 crore worth of goods and services to the international markets,
accounting for 21.4% of the state’s nominal GSDP.
A majority of these originated in the services sector, which made up 69.3% of all exports by value. In addition,
Telangana also ranked second among all landlocked states on the Export Preparedness Index compiled by the
NITI Aayog in 2020.
During 2020-21, Telangana exported merchandise goods worth Rs.64,539.42 crore. Pharmaceutical goods and
Organic Chemicals constituted around 65% of the total merchandise exports
Telangana’s export merchandise is directed towards the USA (26.3%), China (6.8%), and Russia (4.0%).

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Agriculture and Allied Activities
• Agriculture and its allied activities are integral to the lives and livelihoods of most of the people in the State. Besides
the fact that the sector helps in ensuring food security, it also provides livelihoods to more than half of the state’s
workforce (Almost half of the workforce in the state are engaged in agriculture and its allied activities).
• The recent NSS report depicts that in the state of Telangana, the agricultural households4 as the percentage of rural
households has gone up from 51.5% (25,38,900 agricultural households out of 49,30,900 rural households) in 2013 to
54.2% (26,55,700 agricultural households out of 48,99,600 rural households) in 2019. In essence agriculture assumes
more economic importance to households.
• To achieve food and income security, the state government has given priority to the agriculture sector and has
implemented several farmer welfare oriented schemes. Budget allocation for agriculture also improved markedly from
Rs.6,611 crores in 2016-17 to Rs.26,822 in 2021-22.
• In the year 2021- 22 budget, the state has allocated 13.5% of its total revenue expenditure towards agriculture and
allied activities. This is significantly higher than the average allocation for agriculture by states (6.3%).
• There has been a sustained growth of primary sector contribution to the state economy over the years. The
contribution of the crops sector to Telangana’s Gross State Value Added (GSVA) at Current Prices has increased 103%
from Rs.41,706 crores in 2014-15 to Rs.84,785 crores in 2021-22(AE).

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• Between 2014-15 to 2021-22(AE), GSVA (at current prices) of Agriculture, forestry, livestock and fisheries
has seen a CAGR of 13.94% in Telangana.

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Land Use Pattern
• Telangana State is the 11th largest State in India with a geographical area of over 276.96 lakh acres
(112.08 lakh Hectares). Out of the total area, 49.07 percent of area comes under Net Sown Area and
around 24.07 percent is under forest coverage. Land put to non-agriculture uses is around 7.46 percent,
fallow lands (9.02 percent), Barren and uncultivable land (5.42 percent) and the remaining is under
permanent pastures and other grazing lands.
Land holding pattern
• The total number of operational holdings in the State are 59.48 lakhs covering an area of 59.72 lakh
hectares. Percentage of each category of land holding pattern.
• Marginal (<2.47 acres) and small landholdings (2.48 -4.94 acres) account for 88.3% of the total
agricultural landholdings in the state. These account for 61.7% of the total operated agricultural area.
Rainfall
• Telangana received 1322.4 millimetres (mm) of rainfall in 2020-21(from June to May), which is 46% in
excess of normal rainfall of 905.4mm.
• Telangana received normal rains in the years 2017- 18, 2018-19, and 2019-20, and excess rains in the
year 2020-21, which contributed to improvement in groundwater recharge. This in turn contributed
positively to overall sown area and agricultural productivity of the state.
Agriculture and Allied Activities: Trends in Output
Sown Area
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• As a result of the government’s efforts and focus, overall cropping area and irrigated area have increased
significantly, the Gross Sown Area (GSA) has significantly increased from 131 lakh acres in 2014-15 to 210
lakh acres in 2020-21. During this period, more than 79 lakh acres were brought under cultivation.
• Paddy, Cotton, Maize and Red Gram are the major crops grown in Telangana. Cumulatively, the area under
these crops constitutes nearly 85% of the total area under cultivation.
• Currently, cultivated area under Paddy (50%) and Cotton (28%) constitutes 78% of the total. In 2014-15,
total area cultivated under Paddy was around 35 lakh acres and by the end of 2020-21, it increased nearly
197% to 104 lakh acres. The total area under cotton cultivation increased by 38% from 42 lakh acres to 58
lakh acres.
• Maize—from 12.5% of overall gross area sown in Vanakalam 2014-15 to 1.5% of the gross area sown in
2020-21 Vanakalam.
Cropping Intensity
• The ratio of gross cropped area to net cropped area, is an indicator useful for assessing efficiency of the
agriculture sector. Cropping intensity refers to the raising of a number of crops from the same fi eld
during one agricultural year. Thus, higher cropping intensity means that a higher proportion of the net
sown area is being cropped more than once during one agricultural year.
Production of major crops
• The improvement in cropping area led to the overall agriculture production in the state which increased
by 52% from 232 lakh MT in 2014-15 to 353 lakh MT in 2020-21. The 3 major crops grown in Telangana
by production are Paddy, Cotton and Maize. These three crops together constitute nearly 75% of total
produce in 2020.
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Efforts of State Government in Strengthening Agriculture Statistics

Multiple levels of checks and verifications have been adopted by the government in the data collection process
to ensure that the final data arrived at is error-free.
(1) Land Records Updation Programme:
• A programme initiated by the Government of Telangana to undertake the purification of land records
across all villages in all Mandals of the state. Under the programme, 1 crore hectares of land was verified,
and new Pattadar Passbooks-cum-Title Deeds were issued to 60.24 lakh khatas covering 0.6 crore
hectares of agricultural land (92%). The programme has now been completed, thereby guaranteeing that
land records data across the state is authentic.
(2) Crop Booking:
• A bi-seasonal census was undertaken to capture the details of the crop sown by farmers. Estimation is
done by visiting each and every farmer field in the state, and data collected is verified by 4 different
officials under the agriculture department. From this season (Yasangi 2021-22), the Department of
Agriculture is commencing strengthened mobile applications under the ‘Crop Booking Enhancement’
module. In addition, the government has also recruited 472 Mandal Planning and Statistical Officers
(MPSO) to verify the data.
(3) Survey CTO Application:
• The MPSOs have entrusted the job of verifying area enumeration done by the agriculture department
by using a mobile-based data collection platform that allows for complex skip patterns, geo-tracing and
tagging of crops, and ensures collection of authentic data during agricultural area enumeration surveys.
Use of this application for data collection will provide another level of check with sophisticated real time
data gathering to ensure that the data recorded is accurate. The state government did a pilot of this in
Yasangi 2021 and is in the process of scaling up across the state. This also helps to identify correction
factors in the area enumeration work.
(4) Crop Cutting Experiments (CCEs):
• For CCEs to enhance accuracy in yield estimates, an app was developed with NIC to capture data during
harvest of crop (i.e. Form 2, 3), a web portal to capture data of plot selection (Form 1). New features
include: l Near real-time availability of data for scrutiny l Photo and GPS available for conducting further
checks l Divisional, District, State Statistical officers and NSSO officials visit field in a sample l In order to
improve the accuracy in measuring yield of crops all the field functionaries are provided with the latest
CCE kits.
Horticulture
• In 2020-21, area under Horticulture crops in the state is 11.57 Lakh acres with a production of 59.03 Lakh
MTs. The area under Horticulture in Telangana state is contributing 5.39% of the total Agriculture area
(214.48 lakh acres), whereas the sector contributes 26% in terms of value of the produce (Agriculture
crops value Rs.89,058 Cr, Horticulture crops value Rs.22,774 Cr).

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• Between 2015-16 and 2020-21, area under horticulture crops has seen a growth of 304% (from 3.8 lakh
acres in 2015-16 to 11.57 lakh acres in 2020-21).
• Mango, Sweet orange, Acid Lime, Guava, Pomegranate, Tomato, Brinjal, Oilpalm, Cashewnut, Chillies
and Turmeric are the major horticulture crops in the state. In 2020-21, total horticulture production was
59.03 LMTs, an increase of 101% compared to 2015-16.
Livestock sector in Telangana
• About 29 lakh families in Telangana State are engaged in livestock sector for their livelihood and livestock
sector is emerging as one of the most potential and income generating sectors for rural and semi urban
areas. Between 2012 to 2019 the livestock population in the state has increased from 26.7 million to 32.6
million with 22.09% growth between the years. Among the major states in India, Telangana is second to
West Bengal in the growth of livestock population in the same period.
• Among livestock, Telangana ranks first place in sheep population at 19.1 million. The sheep population has
seen an increase of 48.51% between 2012 to 2019. As per 2019-20 (FRE), milk and meat almost covers 76%
of the total Gross Value Added in the livestock sector.
Government Initiatives
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• Rythu Bandhu (Investment Support) Recognizing the importance of financial support towards meeting the
cost of the input needs of the farmers, the Government of Telangana launched the Rythu Bandhu Scheme
in 2018.
• The scheme provides financial support of Rs. 10,000/- per acre per year to landowning farmers and is higher
than that disbursed in Andhra Pradesh (Rs 7,500 per farmer family per year), Jharkhand (Rs.5,000 per
marginal and small farmer per acre per year), and West Bengal (Rs.5,000 per year).
• Moreover, the Government of Telangana has extended the scheme to all land-owning farmers irrespective
of the farm size.
• A brief prepared by the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) has also
recommended direct investment support initiated by the state of Telangana as it is better compared to other
alternatives, simple to implement, more transparent and inclusive.
Agriculture Credit
• Credit is one of the most important inputs for promoting sustainable and equitable agriculture. The state
government lays emphasis on timely and adequate credit support to the farmers with particular focus on
small and marginal farmers to enable them to adopt latest technology and improve crop production and
increase their income. As per the Annual Credit Plan prepared by the State Level Bankers Committee of
Telangana, the total annual credit plan for the agricultural sector during the year 2021-22 is Rs. 91,541 crore.
Out of the total target, Rs. 75,977 crore was allocated for the crop loans, and Rs. 32,101 crore towards
agriculture term loans and agriculture and allied activities. Out of the total target, Rs. 31,813 crore was
disbursed towards the agriculture sector till September 2021, and further lending is under process.
Crop loan waiver

• Taking the plight of the farmers into consideration, the Government of Telangana, while giving priority to
the Agriculture sector has waived off the outstanding loans of the farmers in the state. Accordingly, between
2014-15 to 2018-19, the Government has waived off Rs. 16,124 Crores for 35,29,944 farmers of their
outstanding crop loans, in (4) annual instalments in the state. The state government has initiated a second
crop loan waiver of up-to Rs. 1,00,000 and during 2020-21, Rs. 733 crore is credited to 4.07 lakh farmers
towards crop loan waiver.
Risk Mitigation-Rythu Bima

• In order to ensure the economic and social security to the farmers, the Government of Telangana has
conceptualised and implemented an innovative scheme named as Farmers Group Life Insurance Scheme
(Rythu Bima) since 2018.
• The main objective of the Farmers Group Life Insurance Scheme (Rythu Bima), is to provide financial relief
and social security to the family members / dependents, in case of loss of farmer’s life due to any reason. In
the event of the death of the enrolled farmer due to any cause including natural death, the insured amount
of Rs 5.00 Lakhs is deposited into the designated nominee account within (10) days.
• The entire premium is borne by the state government without imposing any burden on the farmer and
irrespective of their land holding size.
Free power for agriculture

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• Since 1st January, 2018, the Government of Telangana has been providing 24 hours free and quality power
supply to agricultural consumers in the state. About 40% of power supplied in the state is towards
agriculture. 6.39 lakh new agriculture connections have been released after the formation of the state with
an investment of Rs. 3,196 crore, taking the total number of agricultural electricity connections to 25.63
lakh.
Improving Irrigation Facilities
• Assured irrigation is critical for crop cultivation and farmer incomes, because it boosts productivity and
protects farmers from poor monsoons. In addition, assured irrigation can improve water usage efficiency
and help maintain groundwater level.
• After formation of the state, government has incurred an expenditure of Rs.1,28,596 Cr on Major & Medium
Irrigation Projects because of which Gross Irrigated Area (GIA) has significantly increased by 119% between
2014-15 and 2020-21 and so far an Irrigation Potential (IP) of 72.70 lakh acres stands created.
Measures to improve irrigation

The Government adopted a multi-pronged approach to drastically scale up the irrigation coverage in the state.
The strategy adopted includes the following:
• Taking up new irrigation projects and Lift Irrigation schemes such as the Kaleshwaram, Palamuru-
Rangareddy, SitaRama Lift Irrigation projects and the J. Chokka Rao Devadula Lift Irrigation Scheme (LIS).
• Restoration of all minor irrigation tanks and water bodies in the state under ‘Mission Kakatiya’.
• Modernization of old projects such as Nagarjuna Sagar, Nizam Sagar and Sri Ram Sagar Projects.
• Effective operation and maintenance of irrigation systems for achieving better water use efficiency and crop
productivity.
Organic Farming
• With an aim to promote sustainable agriculture, the state government initiated promotion of organic
agriculture. There are two significant areas where organic systems have higher yields compared to
conventional systems. Under conditions of climate extremes and in smallholder systems15. With around
88% farmers in the smallholder category, Telangana state has the potential to be a model for others to
follow. Organic farming has advantages in terms of keeping the Organic farming has the potential to produce
high quality food, enhance natural resource base and environment, increase income (coming from premium
price on the produce, even in the face of a slight dip in the yields) and contribute to the wellbeing of the
farmers.
Dairy sector
• Dairy sector is an important way for farmers to increase their earnings and access to more nutritious food
for their families. To encourage farmers to take up dairying, the state government has introduced a scheme
to provide Rs.4/- as incentive per litre of milk collected to the members of Cooperative dairies by directly
crediting the amount to their bank accounts every month.
• An amount of Rs.100.00 Crore is spent per annum. About 2.93 Lakh Milk pourers have been benefited every
year. An amount of Rs.343.00 Crore is spent on this Programme in between 2014-15 and 2020-21.

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• Between 2014-15 and 2020-21, milk production has seen a growth of 37% (from 42 lakh tons in 2014-15 to
57.6 lakh tons in 2020-21. This has also led to an increase in per capita availability of milk from 321gm/day
in 2015 to 410gms/day in 2020
Aquaculture
• Fisheries is one of the fast growing sectors generating income and employment in the state of Telangana.
The sector plays an important role in the overall socio-economic development of fisher families in Telangana
by providing nutrition & food security.
• Telangana is the only state where all suitable water bodies are stocked with adequate numbers of quality
fish seed by providing 100% grant.
• To provide employment opportunities to women groups, 150 numbers of customised vehicles, designed for
dual usage of raw fish sales and Ready-to-Eat fish food are being provided in GHMC limits and in the districts
with an outlay of Rs. 15.00 crores. For the welfare of the fisheries community, a group accident insurance
scheme has also been launched by the state government from 2014-15.
Agriculture exports
• Agricultural exports are expected to play a pivotal role in doubling farmers income and linking agriculture
production to the export market is a critical step in achieving the same. State government has been working
towards strengthening these linkages.
• Among the exports from the agriculture and allied sectors in the state, cereals, spices, meat and cotton make
up the top commodities. The state also exports seeds to 18 countries in the world 65% seed requirement of
the country is met by the state.
Food Processing
• The State has come up with Telangana State Food Processing policy with an objective to set up food
processing units, in view of rising food production in the State.
• Telangana accounts for substantial agricultural produce ranging from rice, maize, lemon, grapes, mango and
soybean. In particular, the State accounted for the highest production of turmeric and sweet orange, third
highest production of tea and coffee, and the fourth highest production of marine fish. Under the new policy,
Rice mill industries, pulses, oilseeds, fruits, flowers, vegetables, meat, chicken, fish, milk, and dairy products
food processing units would be set up.
INDUSTRIES
• Globally, industrial sector has driven economic growth and increased labour productivity since the Industrial
Revolution in the 16th century. Several new industrialised nations, like South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan,
relied on industrial policy and promotion of manufacturing to achieve high growth rates, and are now
amongst the richest nations in the world. The productivity enhancing and labour-absorbing effects of the
sector are primary reasons behind the success of an industry-led growth strategy in these countries. Thus,
an enabling environment that expands the industrial sector is crucial to the prosperity of any society.

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• In Telangana too, the Industry sector plays a pivotal role in strengthening the state economy and in creating
significant livelihood opportunities. During 2021-22, the total GVA (current prices) from the industrial sector
(including ‘Mining and Quarrying’) stood at Rs. 2,12,069 crore. This is 20.4% of Telangana’s Gross State Value
Added (GSVA).
Sub-sectoral Contribution
• Of the total value added by the industrial sector, 56.90% of the nominal GVA contribution comes from the
‘Manufacturing’ sub-sector, while the rest is from the ‘Construction’, ‘Mining and Quarrying’, and ‘Electricity
and other Utilities’ sub-sectors.
Sub-sectoral Growth
• Three out of four key sub-sectors achieved a higher Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of subsectoral
GVA than the national counterparts between 2014-15 and 2021-22 reflecting Telangana’s rapid economic
advancement, and its ability to attract investment through initiatives such as the Ease of Doing Business
Reforms, the provisioning of world-class infrastructure, and the furnishing of competitive financial
concessions to potential investors.

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• Of the four key sub-sectors within Industries, Electricity and other Utilities has seen the highest growth
between 2014 and 2022.
Employment Contribution
• The Periodic Labour Force Survey 2019-20 reports that 18.23% of all
working adults in the state are employed by the industries sector.
• This is approximately 25,69,134 working adults in the state engaged in
industry sector1.
• Within the sector, Construction and Manufacturing are sub-sectors that
provide the largest share of employment to the workforce in the state,
employing 6.6% and 10.7% of the state’s working adults respectively . The
other two sub-sectors together employ 0.93% of the state’s workforce.
Telangana State-Industrial Project Approval and Self-Certification System (TS-iPASS)
• TS-iPASS was enacted in 2014 to ease the administrative burden of setting up industries in the state. The
system enabled by TS-iPASS provides clearances to all projects within 30 days, which is one of the shortest
periods across the country.
• This system is crucial to implementing the ‘Right to Clearance’ guaranteed to industrialists by the state. This
guarantee is unique to Telangana and has been instrumental in Telangana’s consistently high ranking in Ease
of Doing Business (EoDB), compiled by the Department of Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT),
since 2016.

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District-wise Performance
• Medchal Malkajgiri (22.2%), Sangareddy (8.25%), and Karimnagar (7.4%) were the top three districts in
terms of approvals received for setting up of business units.
• Sangareddy (7.59%), Rangareddy (7.29%), and Bhadradri Kothagudem (6.57%) districts received the highest
investments in the state.
• The highest employment generation through the investments received under TS-iPASS happened in
Warangal Rural district, accounting for 11.68% of the total employment generated under TS-iPASS across
the state.
Sector-wise Performance
• There has been a steady rise in the number of approvals given to food processing and agro industries
between 2015-16 and 2021- 22, achieving a CAGR of 23.2% in this period. This reflects the progress of
Telangana’s Food Policy instituted by the state.
• Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals have attracted an increasing share of total investment, going from under
10% of total investment in 2015- 16 to 46% of all investments in 2021-22. Renewable energy has seen a
doubling in its share of investment, from 10.4% in 2015-16 to 19% by 2020-21.
• Between 2016-17 and 2020-21, the IT sector remained the dominant sector producing new employment,
contributing upwards of 50% of all new employment generated by firms approved through TS-iPASS.
However, in 2021-22, the bulk of new employment (42.9%) came from the pharmaceutical sector.
Incentives for Industrial Development
• T-IDEA (Telangana State Industrial Development and Entrepreneur Advancement) and T-PRIDE (Telangana
State Program for Rapid Incubation Dalit Entrepreneurs incentive scheme) are important components of the
state’s industrial policy.
• While TS-IDEA is aimed at using subsidies to promote industrial development in Telangana, T-PRIDE is the
state’s flagship programme to encourage entrepreneurship among historically marginalised groups like the
SC and ST community, women, and specially abled persons.
Telangana State Industrial Development and Entrepreneur Advancement (T-IDEA)
• Under T-IDEA, the state offers incentives to entrepreneurs for setting up industries by reimbursing stamp
duty, power cost, offering interest and investment subsidies, capital assistance, and other support with
Quality Control and Patent Registration.
• The number of claims sanctioned under T-IDEA has grown by 47.3% since its launch in 2014-15.
Cumulatively, the Government has sanctioned Rs.2,965.10 crore under this scheme up to January, 2022.
Telangana State Program for Rapid Incubation Dalit Entrepreneurs (T-PRIDE)
• T-PRIDE is targeted specifically towards making the industrial sector more equitable by increasing the
representation of entrepreneurs from the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Specially-abled Persons
(SAP). Similar to T-IDEA, the scheme offers various incentives, subsidies and reimbursements.
Telangana State Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (TSIIC)

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• TSIIC is the nodal agency for developing industrial parks in Telangana. It has been allotted over 1.5 lakh acres
of government land for this purpose. Between 2014 and 2021, the corporation has identified and acquired
19,961 acres of the said land, generating over 1.09 lakh jobs and investing Rs. 31,439 crore.
• This land has gone towards the development of the industrial park at Zaheerabad, Kakatiya Mega Textile
Park, Electronics Manufacturing Clusters, Fibreglass composite cluster, Sultanpur’s Medical Devices Park,
apparel weaving park at Sircilla and industrial parks at Chandanvelly and Dandumalkapur.
• A total of 28 industrial parks have already been developed, while 80 are underway.
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
• According to the Invest India portal maintained by the Government of India, MSMEs account for 95% of all
industrial units and employ over 100 million people across the country, second only to the agricultural
sector.
• The growth of the MSME sector is crucial to widening the industrial base of the state, enhancing livelihood
opportunities, and fostering entrepreneurship and productivity in upstream and downstream sectors. As per
TS iPASS, nearly 16,365 MSME units have started operations between January 2015 and January 2022,
generating employment for 2.44 lakh people.
• Data available on the UDYAM portal of the Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises reflects that
the MSMEs are majorly concentrated in Hyderabad, Medchal-Malkajgiri, Sangareddy, Rangareddy, and
Karimnagar districts, with Hyderabad accounting for the highest share of MSMEs among all the districts.
Telangana State Industrial Development Corporation (TSIDC)
• TSIDC aims to identify and promote entrepreneurship within the state, extend financial services, extend
support to startup companies, and ensure the economic viability of the basket of projects adopted by the
corporation. Currently, it has over 95 units in its portfolio, totaling an investment of Rs. 42.95 crore. Of these,
23 units are listed and traded on the stock market.
Industrial Health Clinics Telangana
• Industrial Health Clinic Limited (TIHCL) is a Non-Banking Financial Company set up by the Government of
Telangana in 2017 for the revival and rehabilitation of sick MSEs.
• The TIHCL focuses on providing ex-post diagnostics to non-wilful defaulters, extending financial support to
pay off the ‘critical amount’ necessary to prevent assets from turning into NPAs, and providing special
assistance to female-led firms and businesses in Telangana.
TS Globallinker
• In 2019, the Government launched TS Globallinker - a digital networking platform that helps MSMEs contact
global buyers and sellers, and get appraised about opportunities in the sector.
• Currently, 3 lakh SMEs globally, with over 7,000 SMEs from Telangana have registered on the platform. The
platform is collaborating with the Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT) to launch the “SMEs of Digital
India” program. As a part of this program, Kiranalinker – an online grocery platform – was launched for the
grocery stores during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS)

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• The Government of India launched the ECGLS for MSMEs during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Under this scheme, the Government provided 100% guarantees to banks and NBFCs that extended
emergency credit lines to MSMEs in the country.
• The report by the State Bank of India (SBI)3 suggests that over 13.5 lakh MSMEs were saved from going
under by this scheme. Telangana’s companies also benefited from this scheme. Out of the total loans that
were prevented from turning into NPAs, 5.9% originated from Telangana, and the state was among the top
5 beneficiaries of the program.
Women Entrepreneurs Hub (We-Hub)
• We-Hub is a state-led incubator established in 2017 to help foster women entrepreneurship in Telangana.
It provides incubation facilities, access to the Government, and a global network of collaborators to new
women entrepreneurs in the state.
• It plays an especially important role in promoting entrepreneurial skills in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities, and running
programs that increase the interest of young women in pursuing Science, Technology, Engineering, and
Mathematics education.
• In three years since its establishment, We-Hub has incubated over 1,495 startups, raised Rs. 56.8 crore in
funding, and created 2,800 jobs. Upwards of 86% these startups have a survival rate of more than 2 years.
Technology-Hub (T-Hub)
• T-Hub was established in 2015 to enable and empower the innovation ecosystem in the state, and to create
impact for startups, corporations and other stakeholders. Its flagship innovation program, Lab32, completed
its sixth cohort by providing consulting sessions to 22 startups from across the state. T-Fund, associated with
T-Hub was allocated Rs. 15 crore in the 2021-22 state budget. T-Hub has also taken the lead in working with
TSIIC and other ecosystem partners to provide incentives to startups in Telangana under the Telangana
Innovation Policy. Three cycles of incentives impacting 52 startups resulted in Rs.1.8 crore worth of funding.
One-District One-Product (ODOP)
• One-District One-Product is a joint initiative by the state and Central Governments to identify district specific
products that can be marketed overseas, and to then help the districts produce and market those products.
• The scheme was launched in February, 2021 and subsumed the prior Central Government initiative,
“Districts as Export Hubs (DEH)”.
• The State Government has set up District Level Export Promotion Committees (DLEPCs) in every district.
These committees would design and implement District Specific Action Plans, with the support of the
district, state and central officials.
• The scheme is intended to bolster rural entrepreneurship, produce internationally competitive products,
help the MSMEs in addressing bottlenecks in production and export, and increase employment and
investment in the manufacturing sector in the state.
Sectoral Insights
Handlooms
• Handlooms are the largest cottage industry in the state. The Government has launched several flagship
programs to help the handloom weavers of the state.
• Among them, the prominent schemes include:
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• Nethannaku Cheyutha (Thrift Fund Scheme)- In order to inculcate saving habit among the handloom
weavers, the Government launched a Thrift Fund Scheme for the farmers in June 2017, where the weaver
contributes 8% of his wage into the savings account, and the state supplements that amount by contributing
16% of weaver’s wage to each of the weaver’s account.
• Chenetha Mitra (Input Subsidy Linked wage compensation Scheme) - Since it was necessary to increase the
wages accruing to the weavers without hurting the profit margins in a competitive market, the Government
introduced an input subsidy scheme that provided 40% subsidy for yarn, dyes and chemicals.
• Credit Support: The District Co-Cooperative Central Banks issue cash credit to primary handloom weavers
to help with the day-to-day running of their looms. In 2020-21, Rs.1,200.50 lakh was distributed as loans to
86 Weavers Societies.
• Pavala Vaddi Scheme: In order to reduce the burden of interest on Handloom Weavers Cooperative
Societies, APEX Society, Individual Weavers covered under Artisan Credit Cards and Handloom weaver
Groups (HWGS), the Government disbursed over Rs. 152.16 lakh under this scheme in 2020-21 to cover
interest payments of weaver loans.
• Telangana State Handloom Weavers Cooperative (TSCO): TSCO was registered as an Apex Handloom
Cooperative Society in 2017 to represent the interests and market the products created by the weavers of
Telangana. Currently, the society owns 29 showrooms around the country.
Life Sciences and Pharmaceuticals
• Pharmaceuticals comprise the largest commodity export of the state, averaging over 30% of the total
merchandise exports since 2015-16. In order to support the sector, the Government has sanctioned the
Hyderabad Pharma City Project. On completion, it is expected to be the world’s largest pharmaceutical
cluster, with a potential investment of Rs.64,000 crore and employment to over 4.2 lakh individuals.
Medical Devices Park
• The Government of Telangana has identified medical devices as a strategic area for growth. As of 2021,
around 80% of India’s requirements in the sector were met through imports from other countries. Hence,
building a local industrial base in medical devices has great potential for growth. The Government
established the country’s largest medical devices park in Sultanpur, Hyderabad in 2017. The establishment
is spread over 302 acres and has over 50 companies with manufacturing/ R&D capacity. The total investment
in the park is close to Rs.1,424 crore, and it has generated over 7,000 jobs.
Food Processing
• Food Processing has been recognized as one of the 14 thrust sectors of the state in the industrial policy
framework of 2014.
• The food processing industry in Telangana processes 25% of the output from the agriculture and allied
sectors, and adds 12.5% in value to marketed agricultural products.
• The Food Processing industries have unique opportunities to link the agricultural sector with the more
productive industries.

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• The state has 4 major Food Processing Parks, located in Nizamabad, Khammam, Jogulamba Gadwal, and
Zahirabad districts – projects worth Rs. 492 crore, and 7 integrated cold chain projects worth Rs. 208 crore.
• Nizamabad’s agro park has a warehouse capacity of 5,000 MT, alongside cold storage capacity, food testing
labs, farmer training centres, and water and power supply.
• Zahirabad possesses 10,000 MT of dry warehouse capacity, alongside cold storage, deep freezer storage,
tetra pack lines, and gamma irradiation plant.
• Similarly, the Raagmayuri Mega Food Park in Jogulamba Gadwal possesses 5,000 MT of cold storage, spices
processing plants, refer vans, and testing labs. The state intends to expand the presence of such parks across
other districts in the state.
Mining
• Telangana has varied geology, endowed with a rich and wide variety of minerals suitable for specific mineral
industries. The Government has leased 88,809 hectares of land for mining and quarrying activities.
• The state has over 1,904 mineral industries, with Jogulamba-Gadwel (723), Khammam (463), Vikarabad
(234), and Komara Bheem (183) having the maximum share of units. In 2019-20, the state earned a total
revenue of Rs. 3,715.78 crore from mineral production in the state. Mineral revenue collections worth Rs.
19,776 crore has been achieved between 2014-15 to 2019-20.
• The Telangana State Mineral Development Corporation (TSMDC) is responsible for developing mineral
resources through exploration and mining activities.
• Sand Mining - As per the Sand Mining Policy, 2014, sand from certain streams is entrusted to TSMDC for
extraction and supply. TSMDC has environmental clearances to operate in 70 sand bearing areas (as of
November 2021), with another 100 sand bearing areas to become operational by the end of 2021-22. The
corporation supplies sand to state Government programs in the housing and irrigation sectors.
• Coal- Telangana has the largest deposits of coal among all South Indian states. It has proven deposits of
11,394.76 million tonnes, accounting for 7.04% of all proven deposits in the country. Mancherial, Peddapalli
and Bhadradri Kothagudem districts account for 75% of these reserves. M/s Singareni Collieries Company
Ltd (SCCL), a State Public Sector Undertaking, is the primary coal mining corporation in Telangana. It is the
second-largest coal producer in India. The total coal production for the Singareni Collieries Company Ltd.
grew over 42.5% for the current fi scal year, from 32.65 million tonnes in 2020-21 to 46.52 million tonnes
until December 2021-22.
Exports Sector
• Exports of goods and services are a crucial source of revenue, employment, and investment for Telangana.
In 2020-21, Telangana sold Rs. 2,10,081 crore worth of goods and services to the international markets,
accounting for 21.4% of the state’s nominal GSDP.
• A majority of these originated in the services sector, which made up 69.3% of all exports by value. In addition,
Telangana also ranked second among all landlocked states on the Export Preparedness Index compiled by
the NITI Aayog in 2020.

M.S.Shashank
• The report suggests that Telangana has the 5th best export ecosystem among all states, boasting of well-
developed export infrastructure, trade
support systems, and R&D infrastructure.
Telangana is one of only 10 states that
provide a trade guide, and one of 15 states
that provide an online information portal
for exporters.
Merchandise Export
• During 2020-21, Telangana exported

merchandise goods worth Rs.64,539.42
crore. Pharmaceutical goods and Organic
Chemicals constituted around 65% of the
total merchandise exports.
• Pharmaceuticals and Organic chemicals
constitute either more than or close to 60%
of total exports in any given year.
• There is a global demand for the goods produced by Telangana.
According to the 2020 Export Preparedness Index compiled by
the NITI Aayog, Telangana’s exports command high value across
80 different countries. Hence, Telangana has the fourth highest
international market penetration among all states in India.
• Figure shows the major importers of Telangana’s products.
Among them, a large section of Telangana’s export
merchandise is directed towards the USA (26.3%), China (6.8%),
and Russia (4.0%).
• The exported goods are produced across Telangana, though,
between April and September 2021, roughly 5 districts
(Medchal-Malkajgiri, Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Ranga Reddy and
Medak) accounted for over 75% of all exports from the state.
• Other major contributors include Nalgonda (3.0%), Khammam (2.6%), and Yadadri Bhuvanagiri (1.7%). With
the launch of policies like One-District- One-Product, the Government has directed its focus on expanding
the export potential of all 33 districts of Telangana.
SERVICES
• The services sector, also known as the tertiary sector, includes the intangible services bought or sold in an
economy. It is the largest sector of the global economy in terms of value-added, accounting for 59.94% of
the global GDP in 2020.
• The services sector covers a wide range of services, including trade, hotels and restaurants, transport,
storage and communication, financing, insurance, real estate, business services, community, social, and
personal services.

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• IT is the largest sector in this group and is consequently a key driver of growth in the state, with Hyderabad
emerging as one of the world’s leading IT hubs.
• The Government has attracted several large service sector firms through focused investment promotion
efforts. Google, Microsoft and Amazon have their India headquarters at Hyderabad, and several other
companies such as Facebook and IBM have set up offices in the city.
• Nobel-prize winning economist, Simon Kuznets points out that economic growth is associated with structural
shifts from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector to the services sector. Thus, more advanced
economies around the world have a more dominant services sector in terms of its contribution to the value
added and employment.
• In the context of Telangana, the services sector was the highest contributor to the state’s economy, with
61.3% of the total Gross State Value Added (GSVA) coming from this sector in the year 2021-22. Additionally,
the sector provided employment to more than one-third of the total workforce.
Sectoral Contribution
• In the year 2021-22, 61.3% (Rs. 6,37,476 crore) of Telangana’s
Gross State Value Added at current prices was accounted for by
the services sector, making it the most dominant sector in the
state’s economy.
• For the last three years, Telangana stood third among the 18
Non-Special Category (NSC) states in terms of the share of the
services sector in the total state economy. Moreover, the state’s
service sector share was higher than the national average in all
these years. This is reflective of the advanced nature of the
economy of the state in comparison with the other NSC states in
the country
Sectoral Growth Rate

• The Gross Value Added (GVA) by the services sector at current
prices in Telangana grew from Rs. 2,86,011 crore in 2014-15 to Rs. 6,37,476crore in 2021-22 – an increase
of 122.89% over a span of 7 years.
• In the same duration, the GVA by the services sector in India grew from Rs. 59,62,478 crore to Rs. 1,12,75,865
crore – an increase of 89.11%. Thus, between 2014-15 and 2021-22, Telangana’s service sector grew by
33.78 percentage points more than the nation’s.
• Between 2014-15 and 2021-22, the GVA by the services sector at current prices in the state experienced a
Compounded Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12.13%, nearly 2.3 percentage points higher than the all-India
CAGR value (9.53%). During this span, the growth rate of the services sector in Telangana was higher than
that of India’s for all years except 2018-19.
• The services sector in Telangana, as well as India was affected due to the contact-intensive nature of its
component sub-sectors. However, despite the unprecedented disruption caused by the pandemic to this
sector, Telangana’s services sector GVA (at current prices) experienced a positive growth rate (0.91%) in
2020-21 whereas at the national level this experienced a decline of 4.65%.
Contribution of sub-sectors

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• The ‘Real Estate, Ownership and Other Professional Services’ sub-sector was the largest contributor to the
service sector GVA at current prices, with a share of 33.79% in 2021-22, followed by the ‘Trade, Repairs,
Hotels and Restaurants’, with a share of 27.40%.
• Between 2014-15 and 2021-22, there was a net increase in the share of the ‘Trade, Repair, Hotels and
Restaurants’. In all years during this period, the ‘Real Estate, Ownership of Dwelling and Professional
Services’ sub-sector held more than one-third of the GVA by the services sector.
Growth of sub-sectors
• The ‘Trade, Repair, Hotels and Restaurants’ subsector experienced the maximum Compound Annual Growth
Rate (CAGR) between 2014-15 and 2021- 22 (at current prices), at 15.35%.
• The ‘Real Estate, Ownership of Dwelling and Other Professional Services’ sub-sector experienced a CAGR of
12.09.
Information Technology and IT Enabled Services

• Information Technology (IT) is one of the fastest growing sectors in Telangana. In particular, Hyderabad city
has played a crucial role in putting the Indian IT sector on the global map. In 2014- 15, the IT exports from
Telangana were worth Rs. 66,276 crore.
• This more than doubled to Rs. 1,45,522 crore by 2020-21. The Compound Annual Growth Rate in IT exports
during this period was 14.01%.
• IT exports experienced a growth rate of 17.93% between 2018-19 and 2019-20. But this decreased to 12.98%
in 2020-21. However, there is an absolute increase of Rs. 79,246 crore in the IT Exports from the state as
most of the IT companies went into a ‘Work-from Home’ model during the pandemic.
Initiatives to promote IT/ITeS
Telangana ICT Policy, 2016

• The Government of Telangana introduced its first Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Policy
in 2016.
• The policy proposed to transform Telangana into the most preferred destination for IT companies and
thereby enable the state to be a hub for technology entrepreneurship and innovation in the country.
• To augment the IT sector growth rate, the Government also brought in sectoral policy frameworks in 2016
for Electronics, Innovation and Rural Technology, Data Centres, Open Data, Cyber Security, Data Analytics,
Internet of Things (IoT), and eWaste. The success of the first ICT policy is reflected in the exports and
employment trends of the IT/ITeS sector in the state.
Second ICT Policy (2021-2026)
• The Second ICT Policy of Telangana focuses on digital empowerment of citizens, innovation, and
entrepreneurship as drivers of the sector’s growth.
• It aims to scale the exports from this sector from Rs.1.45 lakh crore in 2020-21 to Rs. 3 lakh crore by 2026.
In doing so, it targets increasing the employment in the sector from 6.3 lakh to 10 lakh by the year 2026.
Distributed Growth- GRID Policy and Special IT-SEZ

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• The Government of Telangana recognizes the need to distribute growth across Hyderabad in order to spread
the gains from growth to the semi-urban areas around Hyderabad as well.
• Through the Growth in Dispersion (GRID) policy, the Government provides special incentives to the
companies that expand or set up their units beyond the western part of Hyderabad. IT parks in Uppal,
Pocharam, Kompally, Kollapur, Shamshabad are under development and two electronic manufacturing
clusters are under development at Maheshwaram and Raviryal.
• The Government also plans to develop 53 IT Special Economic Zones (IT-SEZ) across the state with an
emphasis on developing clusters in Tier - II and Tier - III towns including Warangal, Karimnagar,
Mahbubnagar, Siddipet, Nalgonda, and Nizamabad. The IT towers in Warangal, Karimnagar, and Khammam
are already operational whereas those in Mahabubnagar, Nizamabad and Siddipet are under construction.
Initiatives to promote Real Estate Services

Dharani
• Dharani web-portal is a service sector-innovation for the agricultural land transactions in the state that offers
a one-stop solution for agricultural land transactions. The portal offers 100% advance slot bookings and
instantaneous mutation and registration, and brings registrations to the doorsteps of the citizens. Stamp
duty fee is calculated by the system without human intervention which ensures that there is no discretion
to any official. 8,52,874 transactions had been completed through the portal as of October 2021.
TS-bPASS
• To ease the administrative burdens in the development of new buildings, the Government introduced the
Telangana State Building Permission Approval and Self Certification System (TS-bPASS), a single-window
system that expedites approval of building designs. The new rules under TS-bPASS have eliminated the need
to obtain building permission for ground floor and ground plus one floor residential buildings along with
providing tentative layout approval through online application. It also provides for the processing of land
use certificates and land conversion certificates.
Initiatives to promote Skill and Innovation
Telangana Academy for Skill and Knowledge (TASK)
• The Telangana Academy for Skill and Knowledge (TASK) envisages enhancing skilling synergy among the
institutions of the Government, industry and academia. The services offered by TASK belong to three major
categories- skill development, entrepreneurship, and capacity building for government machinery.
• TASK received the Outstanding Youth Transformation Initiative Award in the India Global Education and
Skills Summit 2021 and the Global Ignite Excellence Award in 2021. TASK achieved a place in the Asia Book
of Records for simultaneously training the maximum number of students across the state through the F-
Tech 2.0 programme.
Telangana State Innovation Cell
• The Telangana State Innovation Cell (TSIC) set up in 2017 under the State Innovation Policy promotes the
culture of innovation and entrepreneurship among the government departments, other organizations, and
schools.

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• TSIC works under the areas of innovation in schools, social innovation, innovation diffusion, startup support,
and grassroots innovation. Through Telangana Social Innovation Challengein collaboration with UNICEF and
the Inqui-Lab Foundation - introduces the schools and children to the basics of design thinking and social
innovation.
Technology Hub (T-Hub)
• T-Hub is an innovation intermediary and business incubator based in Hyderabad set up to promote
entrepreneurship in Telangana with the first phase launched in 2015. Since its inception, the T-Hub has
provided over 1,800 national and international startups with access to better technology, talent, mentors,
customers, corporates, investors and government agencies.
Women Entrepreneurs Hub (WE-Hub)
• Women Entrepreneurs Hub (WE-Hub), launched in 2017, is a state-led incubator to promote and foster
women entrepreneurship. Since 2018, WEHub has incubated 1,495 startups and small/ medium
entrepreneurs and engaged 4,527 women entrepreneurs.
Banking and Insurance

• Banking and Insurance forms a major part of the financial services along with professional advisory,
insurance, wealth management, mutual funds, stock markets, treasuries and debt instruments, tax and audit
consultancy, capital restructuring and portfolio management. There is a strong, bi-directional relationship
between banking and insurance, and economic growth.
Tourism
• Telangana’s history and topography have endowed the state with a variety of tourist destinations, from
waterfalls and hills to temples and forts. The region has a rich cultural heritage and possesses all the qualities
required to emerge as a potent tourist destination in India.
Tourist Footfall
• The state witnessed an increase in the domestic tourist footfall from 7,23,99,113 in 2014-15 to 8,30,35,894
in 2019-20, an increase of 14.69%. During this period, the foreign tourist footfall increased from 75,171 to
3,23,326, a 4.3 times increase.
Government Initiatives to promote tourism

• The Government promotes tourism in the state through supporting festivals and pilgrimages, building safe
and hygienic hospitality infrastructure, creating livelihood opportunities and through reachout activities in
India and abroad.
Tourism Circuits
• Tourism circuits help highlight the inter-relationships and common tourism opportunities among the cities
and villages that are part of the same destination.
• The major tourism circuits in the state are: -
o Tribal Circuit: Mulugu - Laknavaram - Medaram - Tadvai - Damaravai - Mallur - Bogatha Waterfalls.
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o Heritage Circuit: Qutub Shahi Heritage Park - Paigah tombs - Hayath Bakshi Mosque - Raymond’s
tomb
o Eco-Tourism Circuit: Somasila Reservoir - Singotam Reservoir - Akka Mahadevi Caves - Srisailam -
Mannanur - Malleelatheertham - Uma Maheshwaram Temple.
Employment Trends in the Services Sector
• More than one-third (33.32%) of all workers in Telangana are employed in the services sector. At the all-
India level, this is 30.77%.
• In urban areas, the share of service sector workers in Telangana has been higher than India since 2017- 18.
On the other hand, in rural areas, this is lower than the national average.
• The services sector’s contribution to employment is higher in the urban areas of Telangana compared to
rural areas. According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2018-19, 68.07% of the urban workers in the state
fall under the service sector whereas this is only around 15.6% in the rural areas. This is due to the diverse
opportunities in trade, repair, hotels, real estate and other professional services available in urban areas.
• Within the services sector, more than one-third of all workers (37.75%) are employed in the ‘Trade, Hotels
and Restaurants’ sub-sector, whereas 21.48% of the workers are employed in the ‘Transport, Storage and
Communication’ sub-sector, together accounting for 59.23% of the employment in the services sector.
Infrastructure
• As Telangana grows, the demand for energy grows significantly. Telangana has made significant efforts and
progress in developing the state’s power sector.
• Telangana is now a power surplus state with a contracted capacity of 15,864 MW. At the same time, energy
consumption must be balanced against environmental concerns. The Government is also committed to
protecting the environment and is implementing initiatives to promote renewable energy sources.
Transportation infrastructure
• Telangana is a landlocked state, hence, land transportation infrastructure is essential to spatially connect
the resources across this wide area span in the state. Additionally, it is also an important component of the
state’s total economic product. Roads, railways and airways are the three major modes of transport in the
state. In addition, Hyderabad has a well-functioning elevated metro rail corridor supplementing the city
roads.
Road Network
• The road network in Telangana comprises (i) National Highways (NH), (ii) roads managed by the Roads and
Buildings Department (R&B), (iii) rural roads managed by the Panchayat Raj Engineering Department (PRED)
and (iv) roads managed by the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC).
• The state has a 1,07,871 km-long road network of which 62.37% are rural roads, 25.65% are state highways
and district roads, 3.62% are National Highways and 8.36% are GHMC roads.
• The total road network in the state other than NHs is 1,03,961 km in length of which more than half are
blacktop roads.
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Road Density
• As of 2020-21, Telangana has a total road density of 96 km per 100 square km. The road density of Hyderabad
district is the maximum at 4,154 km per 100 square km. Warangal Rural and Karimnagar are the districts
(other than Hyderabad) with the highest road density at 130.3 km per 100 sq km and 121.1 km per 100 sq
km respectively.
Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC)
• The Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC) provides timely, affordable, and efficient bus
services to the public. It operates 9,675 buses, including 6,631 owned and 3,044 hired buses.
• TSRTC has 3,549 routes connecting intra-state and inter-state destinations. Nearly 68% of the TSRTC buses
serve rural areas and around 32% of buses serve the urban population. TSRTC has an employee strength of
47,592 under various cadres. There are 97 bus depots across 21 divisions.
Eco-friendly initiatives
• TSRTC introduced 40 electric vehicles under the Faster Adoption of Hybrid and Electric Vehicles (FAME)
scheme to mitigate air pollution and make Hyderabad a ‘green city’.
Air Traffic Patterns in Hyderabad Airport
• The Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA), Hyderabad is connected to 60 domestic destinations and 12
international destinations. It also has an integrated cargo facility with a handling capacity of 1,50,000 MT
per annum and a dedicated pharma zone.
• The Hyderabad Airport Cargo Terminal has been certified with the World Health Organization’s Good
Storage and Distribution Practices (WHO-GSDP). RGIA also became the best airport in the Asia-Pacific region
in the “15-25 million passengers per annum” category by the Airports Council International’s annual Airport
Service Quality (ASQ) survey in 2020.
Water Supply and Sanitation
• Access to water is critical for human development and economic growth. Augmenting water resources has
been a policy priority of the state right from its formation. The Government focuses on ensuring timely
access to water for agriculture, potable water to the households and adequate water supply to the industrial
sector.
• Sanitation services are as important as water supply given its multiple implications on health, environment
and safety. The Government of Telangana considers sanitation as a priority area through the sanitation
components of Palle Pragathi and Pattana Pragathi. The Government also implements Swachh Telangana in
line with the Swachh Bharat Mission.
Mission Bhagiratha
• Mission Bhagiratha is the fl agship programme of the Government of Telangana to provide safe, adequate,
sustainable and treated drinking water to the entire state (except Hyderabad urban agglomeration where a
separate water supply system is already functional).
• Through its 26 segments, Mission Bhagiratha supplies surface-treated water to all rural habitations through
functional tap connections. On the other hand, the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) receive bulk water supply. The
project provides treated drinking water at the rate of 100 Litres Per Capita Per Day (LPCD) in rural areas, 135
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LPCD in municipalities/Nagar panchayats and 150 LPCD in municipal corporations. 10% of the total water is
earmarked to meet industrial needs.
Energy
• Being a basic input in the processes of production and consumption, energy is vital for economic growth.
The major sources of power in Telangana are thermal power plants, hydel power stations and renewable
energy sources. The Government of Telangana is committed to ensuring 24x7 uninterrupted power supply
to all domestic, agricultural and industrial consumers.
Access to Power and Patterns of Supply
• Telangana used to experience a peak demand shortage of 2,700 MW and a load relief of 4-8 hours to
domestic and other categories at the time of its formation in 2014. Moreover, the industries in the state had
to experience two power holidays a week.
• The erratic power supply of 4-6 hours to the agricultural sector led to crop failures and consequent farmer
suicides. Furthermore, the farmers suffered from accidents and snake bites as supply was restricted to night
hours.
• With the persistent and systematic interventions from the Government, the power sector in the state
experienced an overhaul in the last seven years. All consumers in all sectors (domestic, agriculture and
industries) now receive a 24x7 reliable quality power supply. Interestingly, Telangana is the only state to
supply 24x7 free power to 25.92 lakh agricultural consumers.
Installed Capacity of Power
• At the time of its formation in 2014, Telangana was reeling under a power crisis with an installed capacity3
of 9,470 MW. Through the persistent efforts by the Government, the installed capacity of power in
Telangana increased from 9,470 MW in 2014-15 to 17,218 MW in 2020-21, at a Compound Annual Growth
Rate (CAGR) of 10.48% (see Figure 7.7 and Figure 7.8), nearly 7 percentage points higher than the national
average of 3.25%.
Per Capita Availability of Power
• Telangana experienced an increase in the per capita availability of power by 1.6 times between 2014-15 and
2020-21. The state has the fourth-highest per capita availability of power in the country at 1,905 kWh as of
2020-21 (see Figure 7.9). This is nearly 1.8 times the all-India value of 1,031 kWh.
• Telangana, among all states, has the second highest growth in the per capita availability of power between
2014-15 and 2020-21, at a CAGR of 8.74%; the all-India value is just 3.24%.
Energy Sources
• The total contracted capacity of Telangana more than doubled between 2014-15 and 2020-21 from 7,872
MW to 16,614 MW (see Figure 7.11).
• The renewable sources held nearly one-fifth (23%) of the total contracted capacity in the state in 2020- 21.
• This includes solar, wind, bagasse, biomass, municipal/industrial waste & mini-hydel.
• More than half of the total contracted capacity in the state was contributed by the thermal sector whereas
hydel sources contributed 15% (see Figure 7.12A).
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• More than half of the total contracted capacity in 2020-21 is from the state sector whereas the central sector
contributed nearly 16%. Nearly one-third of the total contracted capacity in the state are held by the private
sector.
Renewable Energy
• The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) finds that around 80% of global energy and 66% of
electrical generation are from fossil fuels, contributing approximately 60% of the greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions responsible for climate change.
• Compared to other states in the southern region, Telangana has a lower share of renewable energy sources
in its total installed capacity, around 22%. The state needs nearly 5,000 MW of solar energy by 2022 to
achieve 7.5% Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) compliance. To comply with the RPO mandates, the
Government devised the Renewable Energy Plan for 2030 with generation targets for various renewable
sources .
• Telangana generates nearly one-fifth (3806 MW) of its total energy (17,218 MW) from renewable sources
as of 2020. The composition of the renewable energy generated is from Solar Energy (3,489 MW) with a
contribution of more than 90%, Wind Energy (128 MW), Waste-to-Energy (63 MW), Bagasse Cogeneration
(74 MW), Biomass (45 MW), and small Hydropower units (7 MW).
Telangana Electric Vehicle Policy (2020-2030)
• The Government recognizes that Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a promising alternative to ICE (Internal
Combustion Engine) vehicles.
• The Telangana Electric Vehicle & Energy Storage Policy 2020-2030 (TEVP 2020-2030) builds upon the extant
FAMEII scheme. The policy envisions to make Telangana a hub for Electric Vehicles & Energy Storage Systems
(EV&ESS) by attracting private investment, promoting Research & Development (R&D) and manufacturing.
The broader objective of the policy also includes a substantial reduction in the total cost of personal and
commercial transportation.
• TEVP 2020-30 has devised a strategy with robust incentive structures on both the supply and demand sides.
On the supply side, EV & ESS sectors would be incentivized through the subsidies and incentives available
under the Electronics Policy 2016.
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• Moreover, the Government would extend tailormade benefits to mega6 and strategic projects on a case to
case basis. It has identified Electronics Manufacturing Clusters (EMC) and Industrial Parks are identified to
promote EV & ESS manufacturing companies.
• On the demand side, the policy prescribes an attractive incentive structure for electric two wheelers, three-
seater auto-rickshaws, electric 4-wheelers, buses and tractors. Recognizing the availability and accessibility
of EV-charging infrastructure as a prerequisite for the penetration of EVs, the policy ensures support for
charging infrastructure.
• The Government would constitute a steering committee of senior officials for the time-bound demand
creation of EVs, the development of a charging network in Hyderabad followed by other urban areas, and
the periodic review of the policy.
Digital Infrastructure
• A sustainable and inclusive digital infrastructure system is essential for the overall growth and development
of the state.
• The Government of Telangana has devised Digital Telangana in line with Digital India. Digital Telangana
stands on two pivots - one on the supply side and another on the demand side.
• On the supply side, the Government aims to ensure the universal availability of digital facilities through
laying Optic Fiber Cable (OFC) to each household using the water grid trenches, providing 4G services in the
entire state and Wi-Fi access in major cities and towns, and, installing a one-stop kiosk in each Panchayat
under the e-Panchayat scheme.
• On the demand side, a household-level digital literacy programme, school computer literacy programme,
expansion of Mee-Seva services and identifying technological solutions for citizen services at government
offices are implemented.
T-Fiber Grid
• The T-Fiber project aims to connect all households, public institutions and private enterprises across the
rural areas of the state through OFC, and provide them with high-speed internet connectivity.
• It involves laying a carrier-grade telecom OFC network from the state headquarters (SHQ), as cascades, to
the district headquarters (DHQ), Mandal headquarters (MHQ) and the Gram Panchayats (GP).
• The network would be capable of delivering 4-100 Mbps to households and on-demand 20-100 Mbps to
institutions and enterprises. T-Fiber will leverage the existing trenches and ducts created under Mission
Bhagiratha.
• The Government incorporated a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), the Telangana Fiber Grid Corporation Limited
as the implementing agency for T-Fiber in the state, and it targets completing the project by 31st March
2022. Nearly 82% of the Transmission & Distribution channels laying and 71% of the plastic range and dryer
code laying has been completed as of January 2022.
Health
• The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines ‘health’ as a state of complete physical, mental, and social
well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

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• It emphasizes that enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights
of every human being. It is well recognized across the world that a healthy population is at the heart of
sustainable development, and for the creation of an equitable society with stable economic growth and
prosperity.
• The Government of Telangana has recognized the role of state intervention in keeping the population
healthy right from the state’s formation in 2014.
• In line with the WHO’s definition, it focuses on the preventive as well as curative aspects of health, with the
aim of prolonging the life and promoting the well-being of its citizens.
• Since the state’s formation, the Government has invested significantly in strengthening its public health
system, and has further sharpened its focus towards quality healthcare provisioning in light of the COVID-
19 pandemic.
• The state has also constituted a Cabinet sub-committee to review the conditions of government hospitals
as well as to study the best practices in other well-performing states and countries. In order to improve
health outcomes in the state, specifically for persons belonging to marginalized communities, the
Government has launched several schemes that focus on improving the availability, accessibility, and
affordability of quality healthcare.
• Further, in alignment with the Government’s objective of “Aarogya Telangana”, and to instill new confidence
in the government healthcare system, the Government made a budgetary allocation of Rs. 6,295 crores for
health in 2021-22, of which Rs. 1,010 crore was allocated towards the National Health Mission for improving
healthcare service delivery.
• Over the last two years, the Government has taken several measures to minimize the impact of the COVID-
19 pandemic.
• As of January 2022, Telangana is the first larger state in the country to achieve 100 percent coverage of first
dose vaccination against COVID-19 in the 18+ age group. 89 percent of persons in this age group have also
received their second dose of vaccination (as of 9th February, 2022). 3,500 Government centers and 264
private centers are offering vaccinations across the state, and a total of 10,000 vaccinators and 35,000 staff
are involved in the vaccination process.
Performance of Telangana on the Health Index
• Since the formation of the state, the Government has been making concerted efforts towards improving the
health status of Telangana.
• The result of its efforts is reflected in the noteworthy performance of the state in the recent NITI Aayog
Annual Health Index, 2019-20.
• The index is a weighted composite score incorporating 24 indicators covering key aspects of health
performance across three critical domains:
o a) Health Outcomes
o b) Governance and Information
o c) Key Inputs and Processes Thus, the Annual Health Index is a holistic measure of the health systems
performance as well as progress on health outcomes over time.
• Telangana ranked 11th amongst the 19 larger states1 in terms of the overall performance in the year 2015-
16. Its rank improved to 10th in 2017-18, to 8th in 2018-19, jumping to 3rd in 2019-20.
On the 3 domains of the index too, Telangana’s performance has been remarkable.

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a) Health Outcomes: The category ‘Health Outcomes’ carries a weight of 70% in the case of Larger states,
out of the 3 categories in the index, making it the most important of the 3 categories. It comprises 4 key
outcome indicators and 7 intermediate outcome indicators, capturing different aspects of maternal and
child health, Tuberculosis, and HIV. Telangana was classified as a ‘Front-runner’ on 7 of the indicators,
and an ‘Achiever’ on 4 of the indicators, thereby ranking third in terms of the overall ‘Health Outcomes
Index score’ amongst the 19 larger states.
b) Key Inputs and Processes: With a weight of 17% in the overall index for Larger states, this category is
second in importance out of the 3 categories. It comprises 9 indicators (further divided into 27 sub-
indicators) pertaining to health systems and service delivery, such as Human Resource availability,
functionality and certification of health facilities, birth and death registrations, and the overall
expenditure on health out of the total state expenditure. Telangana was classified as a ‘Front-runner’ on
17 of the sub-indicators, an ‘Achiever’ on 3 of the sub-indicators, and an ‘Aspirant’ on 6 of the sub-
indicators, with data missing for 1 indicator, thereby ranking fifth in terms of the ‘Key Inputs and
Processes Index score’ amongst the 19 larger states.
c) Governance and Information: With a weight of 13% in the overall index, the ‘Governance and
Information’ category is the least important of the 3 categories. This category includes 1 indicator
capturing the status of health monitoring and data integrity, and 3 indicators pertaining to governance.
Telangana was classified as a ‘Front-runner’ on 1 of the indicators, and an ‘Achiever’ on 3 of the
indicators, thereby ranking eighth on the ‘Governance and Information Index score’ among the 19 larger
states.
Health Infrastructure
• Health infrastructure is often referred to as “the nerve center of the health system”. Broadly, it comprises a
capable and qualified workforce, up-to-date data and information systems, and agencies capable of
assessing and responding to public health needs, and it provides the necessary foundation for undertaking
the basic responsibilities of public health.
• The Government of Telangana has been making significant investments towards strengthening the Health
Infrastructure in the state since 2014-15.
Performance of the State on Key Indicators
• Telangana’s performance on all three key aspects of health infrastructure described above has been
outstanding. As of 2019-20:
o As per state data and IPHS (2012) norms for staffing, Telangana had no shortfall in the number of
Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) at Health Sub Centers (HSCs), and of Medical Officers (MOs) at
PHCs and UPHCs.
o As per state data, among the larger states, Telangana had one of the lowest shortfalls in the number
of staff nurses at Primary Health Centres (PHCs), Urban PHCs (UPHCs), Community Health Centres
(CHCs), and Urban CHCs (UCHCs), at 19.46%.
o Among the larger states, Telangana had one of the lowest shortfalls in the number of specialist
doctors at District Hospitals, at 10.69% as per state data.
o As per data released by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), GoI, along with Andhra
Pradesh, Telangana was the only larger state where all PHCs and Urban PHCs had been converted to
Health and Wellness Centres2 (HWCs). l As per state data, and MoHFW norms on FRU requirement,
Telangana was one of the only five larger states (along with Karnataka, Kerala, Punjab, and Tamil
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Nadu) that had 100% or higher availability of the required number of functional First Referral Units
(FRUs).
o As per MoHFW, GoI, along with Karnataka, Telangana was the only state where all the District
Hospitals had a Kayakalp4 score of >70%.
o As per MoHFW, GoI, Telangana was the only state where all the District Hospitals (DHs) had been
certified under LaQshya5 (for Labour Room and Maternity OT).
o At 1.07%, Telangana had the least deviation among larger states, in the state-reported data for
institutional deliveries (on the Health Management Information System (HMIS) portal vs. data
released by the Office of the Registrar General, India (Sample Registration System (SRS))) for
institutional deliveries.
o Telangana had the highest level of birth registration (100.00%) and the second highest level of death
registration (98.60%) among the larger states as per data from the Civil Registration System (CRS).
Key programmes to reduce disease burden
• The Government has been implementing both Central schemes and flagship State schemes to reduce the
burden of communicable and noncommunicable diseases in the state. These schemes include:
• National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke
(NPCDCS): NPCDCS works towards early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension, diabetes, and oral,
cervical, and breast cancers. Data from the NFHS- 5 survey (2019-20) shows that the prevalence of diabetes
and hypertension has been increasing in the state. To ensure early diagnosis of diseases, the Government
of Telangana has been running a statewide screening programme for the adult population through its 7
district-level NCD clinics and 47 CHC NCD clinics. As a result of its efforts, Telangana came in second for
conducting screenings of NCDs such as high blood pressure, sugar, heart attacks, paralysis, and cancer at the
sub-centre level during the ‘Healthy and Fit Nation’ campaign conducted on the occasion of Universal Health
Coverage Day-2021.
• HIV/AIDS and Telangana State AIDS Control Society (TSACS): In order to provide treatment services to the
1.58 lakh persons affected with AIDS in the state, and to prevent further spread of the disease, the
Government, through the Telangana State AIDS Control Society (TSACS), has established 1,194 Integrated
Counseling and Testing Centres, and 99 treatment centers in the state, which provide Antiretroviral Therapy
(ART), other related treatments, and counseling services. Further, 50 Suraksha Clinics have been established
to provide information and create awareness about Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)/ Reproductive
Tract Infections (RTI) in order to support prevention efforts. 194 blood banks have been established in the
state which provide support services to the HIV patients in need.
• Health Profile Scheme: The ‘Health Profile Scheme’, which is currently being piloted in Mulugu and Rajanna
Sircilla districts of the state, has a twofold objective –
o (i) to create a digitized database of the vital health parameters of all individuals in the region that
can be accessed by all government hospitals in the state, thus facilitating proper course of treatment
in case of emergencies and other illnesses, and
o (ii) to understand the unique disease profiles of different areas within the state, take necessary
preventive measures, and implement localized solutions for the area-specific health problems. The
pilot involves door-to-door sample collection followed by the issuing of a health card to each
individual, for holding all their health information at one place.
• Basti Dawakhanas: ‘Basti Dawakhanas’ are an innovative initiative of the Government of Telangana to bring
healthcare services close to the urban poor. 256 Basti Dawakhanas have been established by the state in
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urban slums so far, with one Basti Dawakhana serving 5,000 to 10,000 persons. These centers provide 53
different kinds of free health services including outpatient consultation, medicines, basic lab diagnosis,
antenatal/postnatal care, and screening for non-communicable diseases. Specialist consultation is also
provided at Basti Dawakhanas through Telemedicine. Basti Dawakhanas reduce travel and waiting time for
patients, reduce out-of pocket- expenditure for patients by serving as an efficient platform for convergence
with other NHM programmes, and reduce the burden on secondary and tertiary health care facilities.
• Palle Dawakhanas: To ensure that people residing in rural areas have access to the same quality healthcare
services as their urban counterparts, including roundthe- clock access to doctors, the Government has
started the process of converting sub-centres to “Palle Dawakhanas”. The Palle Dawakhanas will deliver
comprehensive primary healthcare services to the local population, will stock medicines for common
ailments, and have a fully-equipped laboratory to conduct basic diagnostic tests. Specialist consultations
would be available through telemedicine facilities. Till date, 573 sub-centres have been upgraded to Palle
Dawakhanas.
WELFARE
• Welfare lies at the heart of policy making in the State of Telangana. The Government has initiated several
programs and schemes with an objective of uplifting the poor and marginalised population in the state. The
aim of these programs is to help align the economic success of Telangana with specific social goals such as
creating a level playing field for the marginalised communities.
• The Government is committed to improving the welfare of the socially and economically disadvantaged such
as the Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Backward Classes (BCs), Minority Communities,
Women, Children, Senior Citizens, and Specially-abled Persons and other disadvantaged communities.
• The success of the welfare agenda rests on ensuring that the schemes reflect the needs of the relevant
communities and are meticulously implemented, with their deliverables aligning with proposed social goals
of the government.
Poverty Alleviation in Telangana
• Alleviation of poverty is the foundation of welfare and an important objective for the Government. The
Government has introduced several schemes and initiatives through various departments to help eradicate
poverty and protect the most vulnerable sections in society.
• In its endeavour to eradicate both urban and rural poverty, and ensure social security, the Government is
implementing various self employment and economic support schemes.
• Specifically, the state level agencies such as the Society for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP) and Mission
for Elimination of Poverty in Municipal Areas (MEPMA) are implementing various programmes to strengthen
and nurture selfsustainable institutions for the poor, such as formation and organization of Self-Help Groups
(SHGs), Support to Urban Street Vendors (SUSVs), skill development, Self Employment Programmes (SEPs),
and Social Mobilization & Institution Development (SM&ID). The Government is also proactively
implementing national welfare schemes such as the Public Distribution System (PDS) and the Mahatma
Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS).
Aasara Pensions

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• The Government, as part of its welfare measures and social safety net strategy, has introduced the Aasara
Pensions scheme to ensure a secure life with dignity for the poor.
• The Aasara Pension scheme is meant to protect the most vulnerable sections of society, particularly the old
and infirm, disabled persons, HIV patients, widows, single women, incapacitated weavers and toddy tappers,
who have lost their means of livelihood with growing age.
• Since the launch of the scheme in Nov 2014 to January 2022, around Rs. 45,882 crore has been disbursed
(Fig. 11.5). Since June 2019, the pension amount has been increased from Rs. 1500/- to Rs. 3016/- per month
for disabled persons and for all other categories of pensioners from Rs. 1000/- to Rs. 2016/- per month.
Public Distribution System (PDS)
• The Government is distributing essential commodities and food grains to priority households at subsidised
prices as per their eligibility. The Government has been proactively implementing the Public Distribution
System (PDS), through a network of 17,013 Fair Price Shops (FPSs).
Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes and Minorities

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• To achieve its aim of social justice and the creation of an equitable society, the Government is striving to
build a sophisticated framework of welfare programs covering every oppressed caste or tribal group, every
backward community and every religious minority.
• This framework aims to bring these targeted sections of the people socially, educationally and economically
on par with other developed communities in the society.
Dalit Bandhu
• One of the major initiatives taken up by the Government during the financial year 2021-22 is the launch of
Dalit Bandhu Programme for the economic upliftment of the Scheduled Caste people in the State.
• Under this scheme, each beneficiary household will be provided with a financial assistance of Rs. 10 lakh as
a complete grant without any bank dependencies to establish a suitable income generating source.
• The scheme was launched on August 4, 2021 at Vasalamarri Village in the Alair Assembly Constituency (AC)
of Yadadri-Bhuvanagiri district.
• Till January 2022, an amount of Rs.2,000 crore has been released to 17,554 dalit families and Rs. 7.60 crore
has been released to 72 dalit families in Huzurabad and Alair ACs respectively. Subsequently, the
Government has taken a decision to implement the Dalit Bandhu scheme in 5 more ACs- Madhira (SC)1,
Thungathurthi (SC), Jukkal (SC), Achampet (SC) and Kalwakurthy to better gauge the peculiarities and
differences in the implementation modalities.
• An amount of Rs. 250 crore benefiting 2500 Dalit families has been released in these ACs. After successfully
gauging the alignment of the community’s need for social and economic upliftment, additionally the
Government has proposed to implement the Dalit Bandhu Scheme in 118 ACs (including the 5 ACs
mentioned above and except Huzurabad AC) in the state covering 100 dalit families in each constituency
during this financial year itself and has released an amount of Rs. 300 crore to the 33 districts in the state.
Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes Special Development Funds (SC/ST SDFs)
• The Government passed the “Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Special Development Fund (Planning,
Allocation and Utilisation of Financial resources) Act in 2017” to secure earmarked funds for implementation
of schemes that aim at ensuring accelerated development of SCs and STs with an emphasis on achieving
equality, focussing on economic, educational and human development along with ensuring their security
and social dignity and promoting equity among SCs and STs.
• As a result, 15.45% of state scheme funds are directed solely towards the welfare and development of SC
communities, and another 9.08% for the betterment of the ST communities proportionate to their
population in the State. The Act also ensures that unused funds are carried forward into subsequent fi
nancial years.
Land Rights to Scheduled Tribes (STs) & Giri Vikasam
• Under the ‘Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act’ in
2006, the Government has granted the Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers the right to
hold and live in the forest land and the rights to “protect, regenerate or conserve or manage any community
forest resource that they have been traditionally protecting and conserving for sustainable use”.
• As of January 2022, the Government has issued title certificates to 96,676 individuals involving 3,08,614
acres and 721 community titles involving 4,54,054 acres. “GIRI VIKASAM” scheme is aimed to convert the

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uncultivable agricultural lands of small & marginal Scheduled tribe (ST) farmers into cultivable lands for the
sustainable agriculture development.
• As of December 2021, An area of 18,228 acres of land belonging to 6,118 ST farmers has been converted to
cultivable land with the cost of Rs 43.1 crore.
Housing
• Access to safe housing plays an important role in the welfare of a family. Apart from providing shelter against
various physical threats, both human-made and natural, the availability of adequate housing facilities with
proper supply of potable water, sufficient sanitation facilities and clean surroundings is necessary to ensure
a dignified life.
Two-BHK Housing Programme
• With the objective of providing affordable and quality housing to the poor, the Government launched a 2
BHK Housing Programme in October 2015. Under this programme, a total of 2,91,057 houses have been
sanctioned between 2016 and 2021.
• Out of which construction of 1,07,612 houses has been completed until November 2021 (Fig. 11.3), while
the construction of remaining houses is at various stages of completion.
• Around Rs. 10,445 crore has been utilised since the launch of the program till November 2021. The Greater
Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) is the implementing agency in its jurisdiction and for the rest of
the state Telangana State Housing Corporation (TSHC) is the implementing agency.
• Each house has a plinth area of 560 sq. ft., which includes a kitchen and two toilets. The construction cost
of each house is Rs. 5.04 lakh in rural areas, Rs. 5.30 lakh in urban areas, and between Rs. 7.00 lakh and Rs.
7.90 lakh in the limits of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC).
Women Welfare
• For equitable development in the state across all domains, the Government is implementing a gamut of
initiatives specially focussed at women’s welfare and empowerment.
• These initiatives focus on narrowing the gender divide in employment, improving income and strengthening
the bargaining power of women in a household. Initiatives like Aarogya Lakshmi and KCR Kits have been
implemented to ensure adequate health and nutritional services to women.
• The Government has also taken initiatives to provide financial assistance during weddings and to enable a
huge network of SHG groups to empower women.
• In addition to the above programmes, the Government is also implementing the Centrally Sponsored
Schemes such as the ICDS, Supplementary Nutrition Programme, Poshan Abhiyaan, construction and
renovation of Anganwadi Centres, Integrated Child Protection Services, State Resource Centres for Women,
Beti Padhao Beti Bachao, and Ujjwala for victims of trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation, among
others.
• Further, the State Government is providing 33.3% reservation for women in state Government jobs which
are under direct recruitment and enrolment in educational institutions.
Kalyana Lakshmi / Shadi Mubarak (Marriage Assistance)/Aid for Inter-caste marriages

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• The Government launched the ‘Kalyana Lakshmi/ Shaadi Mubarak’ scheme to provide financial assistance in
the form of a one-time grant of Rs.1,00,116 to unmarried girls (above 18 years of age) from SC, ST, BC and
Minority families (with a combined income of both parents not exceeding Rs.2,00,000 per annum) at the
time of their marriage.
• From mid 2019, The Government is also providing financial assistance of Rs.1,25,145 to unmarried disabled
girls irrespective of their caste and religion. Upto December 2021, a total of 1.9 lakh SC, 1.1 lakh ST, 4.3 lakh
BC, 1.9 lakh Minority families have been benefited from the scheme and the Government has disbursed an
amount of around Rs. 8085 crore. This initiative not only curbed child marriages to a significant extent but
also greatly relieved thefinancial burden related to marriages.
Land Purchase Scheme
• Access to land is critical for poverty eradication and community development. The Land Purchase Scheme
was launched in 2014 with an objective of the State purchasing and assigning 3.00 acres of agricultural land
to the women of “Bhoomileni Nirupeda Dalita Vyavasaya Aadharitha Kutumbalu”. The Land Purchase
Scheme is under implementation with 100% subsidy.
• The District Collectors were given powers to purchase agricultural land for the above programme at a cost
ranging from Rs. 2.00 lakhs to Rs. 7.00 lakhs per acre in the 30 Districts (excluding Hyderabad, Bhadradri
Kothagudem and Medchal) of the State.
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Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
• The SHG movement has been widely acknowledged as a grassroots movement that brought transformative
changes in the lives of women from marginalised and economically weaker families by empowering them
financially.
• The Government is further facilitating this movement through “SERP (Society for Elimination of Rural
Poverty)” by building and nurturing SHGs of women and their federations. A total number of 47.53 lakh
women have been organised into 4.39 lakh SHGs and 17,886 Village Organisations in the State. Number of
new SHGs formed in the year 2021-22 (till November 2021) is 15,865.
• Telangana has pioneered the facilitation of bank linkages for all these SHGs. Since the formation of the State,
the amount disbursed to the SHGs every year almost tripled from Rs.3,738.67 crore in 2014- 15 to
Rs.10,448.03 crore by 2020-21 (as the data for 2021-22 pertains to only until December).
• “MEPMA” is the State Nodal Agency for implementing the Poverty Alleviation Programs in all urban areas of
Telangana State.
Arogya Lakshmi & KCR Kits
• Aarogya Lakshmi scheme provides nutritious and healthy meals to all pregnant and lactating mothers
registered in all the Anganwadi Centres.
• The core objectives of the scheme are to enhance the quality and acceptability of supplementary nutrition
by the Pregnant and Lactating women, ensure that Pregnant and Lactating women consume 90+ IFA tablets,
eliminate or decrease number of Pregnant and Lactating women with anaemia/ who are undernourished,
improve the enrollment of mothers at Anganwadi Centers (AWCs), among others.
• Over and above the norms mandated by the Government of India, in the interest of women’s health and
welfare the Government of Telangana has enhanced the rates by providing an additional allocation of Rs. 14
per beneficiary per day. In addition, the State Government has increased the number of days the
beneficiaries receive milk and eggs from 25 to 30.
Mahila Shakti Kendras (MSKs)
• Mahila Shakti Kendras (MSKs) is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme with a Centre-State share of 60:40. The MSK
Scheme is aimed at providing ‘one stop convergent support services for empowering rural women with
opportunities for skill development, employment, digital literacy, health and nutrition’.
• MSKs create awareness on women-related schemes, programmes and laws implemented by the state,
including awareness campaigns on various acts such as Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act,
2013, Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994, The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act,
2006, Compulsory Registration of Marriage Act, 2002, RTE, 2009 etc.
One Stop Centres (Sakhi Centres)
• The One Stop Centres (also called Sakhi Centres) were set-up across all 33 districts in the State in December
2017 with an objective to provide integrated support to women affected by violence, in private and public
spaces, within the family, community and at the workplace. Sakhi Centres handled 32,114 cases from 2017
to October 2021, which is evident from the growing reach of Sakhi centres.
• Around 66% of the total registered cases are under domestic violence. A Women Helpline (WHL) 181 was
launched in Telangana on 19th August, 2017 with a 6-seater Call Center. The Sakhi Centre is integrated with
WHL to provide support to women/girls affected by violence.
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BHAROSA Centres
• BHAROSA Centres are one-point help centres to provide integrated support to women and children who
have been subjected to severe abuse, be it physical, sexual, financial or emotional. The first centre was
established in Hyderabad in 2016, followed by Vikarabad in 2018.
• In 2020, new centres were also established in Sangareddy and Warangal. BHAROSACentres in Suryapet,
Nalgonda, Medchal, Khammam, and Hyderabad’s Old City are underway.
Security, Health and Environment (SHE) Teams
• SHE Teams were established as a division of Telangana Police in 2014. The aim was to deal with offences
against women like eve-teasing, stalking, harassment in public or at workplaces, educational institutions,
residential areas or social media.
• At present, there are 331 SHE teams working in the state. Between October 2014 and September 2021, a
total of 54,231 complaints were received under the initiative, leading to the arrest of over 19,411
perpetrators.
The Sexual Harassment Electronic Box (T-She Box)
• The Government established T-She Box (a mobile and web app) as an effort to provide a single window
access to every woman, irrespective of her work status, whether working in organised or unorganised,
private or public sector, to facilitate the registration of complaint related to sexual harassment.
• In 2021-22, 4,376 Internal Complaints Committees (ICC) and 28 Local Complaints Committees (LCC) have
been registered on the platform. In addition, the Government has also established a new home for the safety
of trafficked victims in Hyderabad.
Economic Support Schemes
• Economic Support Schemes are introduced by the government,

o i) To provide financial assistance for creation of income generating assets,
o ii) To offer training programmes for Skill up-gradation leading to Self / Wage employment and
o iii) To plug critical gaps of finance in economic support schemes for the welfare of the SCs, STs and
other weaker sections.
Sheep Distribution Scheme
• The Government is implementing the Sheep Distribution Scheme for the Yadava and Kurma communities in
the state. Since the inception of the program in 2017 to till date, a total of 79.98 lakh sheep have been
distributed to 3.81 lakh beneficiaries. Between 2017 and October 2021 the State Government with a subsidy
component of 75% has incurred expenditure of Rs. 3,572 crore.
• Keeping in view the rise in cost of Sheep in the open market and also increase in transportation prices, in
the Phase II of the SRDP program (2021-22 and 2022-23), the Government has enhanced the Unit cost from
Rs.1,25,000 to Rs.1,75,000.
Free Electricity supply to SC, ST and BC Communities

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• The Government is providing free electricity supply to the families of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes for domestic purposes up to 101 units, benefiting around 19.73 lakh SC Households and 1.47 lakh ST
Households.
• The state Government has come up with a scheme of free electricity supply upto 250 units to laundries /
dhobi ghats and saloons from 2021-22, benefitting 54,035 people from Rajaka and Nayee Brahmin
communities
Entrepreneurship Development (T-PRIDE)
• The Government has launched a special incentive package scheme called Telangana State Program for Rapid
Incubation of Dalit Entrepreneurs (T-PRIDE) in 2014, to encourage entrepreneurship among the Scheduled
Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs) and eligible Physically Handicapped Citizens (PHCs).
• Apart from facilitating access to credit facilities, the policy envisions preferential allotment of plots in
Industrial Parks and intensive entrepreneur and skilling programmes. Since the inception of the scheme in
2014 till January 2022, an amount of Rs. 1052 crore was sanctioned to 23,742 ST entrepreneurs, Rs. 1032
crore sanctioned to 22,955 SC entrepreneurs and Rs. 93 crore sanctioned to 1708 PHC entrepreneurs.
Welfare for Senior Citizens and the Disabled
• According to the 2021 report of the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), 11% of
the total population in the State is above 60 years of age.
• The state is projected to have 14.5 % of its population in the Elderly category by 2031. Hence, the
Government is constantly innovating on policies and programs that can support the ageing population of
Telangana. With the intention of serving the relevant needs of elderly, the state Government has provided
a call centre-Helpline for Senior Citizens.
• According to the “Persons with Disabilities in India” 2018, conducted by MoSPI, Differently- Abled Persons
comprise roughly 2% of Telangana’s population. Most of them suffer from locomotor disability (65% of the
specially-abled population). The literacy rate among the population is 40.7%. Hence, extending the welfare
to this population is crucial for the dignity of life of the specially-abled population.
FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENT

• With a total forest area of 26,969.54 square kilometers, Telangana is endowed with a rich diversity of flora
and fauna with over 2,939 plant species, 365 bird species, 103 mammal species, 28 reptile species and a
large number of invertebrate species.
• The Constitution of India, through Article 48A, directs the governments at all levels to ‘endeavour to protect
and improve the environment, and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country’. Article 51A(g) of
the Constitution imposes the duty on every citizen to ‘protect and improve the natural environment
including forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures’.
• Embracing the spirit of environment protection under the Constitutional framework, the Government of
Telangana has been taking several initiatives to protect its forests and biodiversity, and minimize the harms
done to the environment.
• In this effort, the Government focuses on striking a balance between the conservation of ecosystems and
safeguarding the livelihood of the people. This chapter is divided into four themes: forests, biodiversity,
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pollution and climate change. The present status of the state, major initiatives taken by the government and
the performance under various indicators are discussed under each theme.
Forest
• Forest is a complex ecosystem consisting mainly of trees that buffer the earth and support a myriad of life
forms. Nearly one-third of the world’s land surface are forests and they are determined both by the presence
of trees and the absence of other predominant land uses.
• According to the Food and Agricultural Organization, ‘forest’ (including natural forests and forest
plantations) is a land with a tree canopy cover of more than 10% and area of more than 0.5 hectares.
• The Government of Telangana recognizes the role of forests in supporting livelihood, contributing to the
economy, mitigating climate change as carbon sinks, protecting soil, providing a cultural ecosystem to tribal
communities and conserving vulnerable wildlife.
• The core objective of the forest sector development strategy of
the Government is to enhance green cover by integrating it with
livelihood opportunities.
Forest cover in Telangana
• Telangana has a total forest cover (TFC) of 26,969.54 square

kilometers (sq.km) that accounts for 24.05% of the total
geographical area of the state.
• Nearly one-third of TFC is open forests extending to 8,484 sq.km
and 7,896 sq.km of moderately dense forests hold another one-
third of TFC. 286 sq.km are very dense forests holding a share of
1.1% of TFC. Scrub forests that hold a share of 16.4% of TFC
extends to 4,420 sq.km whereas 157 sq.km of water bodies hold
0.6% of TFC.
• The forests in Telangana belong to three forest groups: Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests, Tropical Thorn
Forests and Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests.
• According to the India State of Forest Report 2021, Mango Tree (Mangifera indica) is the most abundant
tree species in the rural areas of the state with a relative abundance of 38.93%. In urban areas, this is Neem
Tree (Azadirachta indica) with a relative abundance of 18.35%.
• With a forest cover of 15.98%, 10.89%, and 9.25%, Bhadradri Kothagudem, Mulugu and Nagarkurnool
districts respectively are the top contributors in the total forest cover of the State.
• At the district level Mulugu, at 71.81%, has the highest percentage share of forest area to the district’s total
geographical area, followed by Bhadradri Kothagudem and Komaram Bheem with their percentage share at
60.95% and 54.41% respectively.
• The northern and eastern parts of the state have a relatively higher share of forest areas. Five districts—
Bhadradri Kothagudem, Mulugu, Nagarkurnool, Komaram Bheem and Mancherial— together account for
51.75% of the total forest area in the state.
Initiatives for Forest Health and Vitality
Telanganaku Haritha Haram

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• The Government of Telangana introduced Telangana Ku Haritha Haaram (TKHH, Green Garland for
Telangana) that aims to increase the tree cover in the state from 24% to 33% of the total geographical area
(see Figure 12.4). The strategy to achieve this is two-fold:
o Take up extensive planting activities outside the notified forest areas like roadside, barren hills,
institutional premises, housing colonies and community lands.
o Take up large-scale planting activities inside the notified forests to increase density and assist natural
regeneration through intensive water harvesting structures in forests.
• To supplement and sustain the massive plantation activities by Telanganaku Haritha Haram, the Government
has established Telangana Haritha Nidhi, or Telangana Green Fund that receives contributions from public
representatives, government employees and civil society.
Urban Forest Blocks
• The ‘urban forest blocks’ are designed to provide adequate lung space to the Hyderabad Metropolitan
Development Authority (HMDA) limits. These forest blocks would be protected from anthropogenic
disturbances.
• The Government has decided to establish 188 forest blocks spread over 1,60,660 acres in 129 locations of
which 99 blocks are stand-alone whereas the remaining 89 fall under 30 clusters. 59 of the total 129 locations
would be developed as ‘urban forest parks’ owing to their proximity to residential areas.
• This would provide healthy opportunities for recreation and entertainment to the residents. The remaining
70 that are away from habitations would be conservation blocks. 19 out of 129 locations are already
developed in 7 different districts falling in the HMDA limits.
Implementation of FRA 2006
• The Government of India enacted the ‘Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition
of Forest Rights) Act’ in 2006, also known as FRA, 2006, and subsequently in 2008 the ‘Scheduled Tribes and
other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Rules’ were introduced.
• FRA, 2006 granted the Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers the right to hold and live in the
forest land and the rights to “protect, regenerate or conserve or manage any community forest resource
that they have been traditionally protecting and conserving for sustainable use”. As of January 2022, the
Government has issued title certificates to 96,676 individuals involving 3,08,614 acres and 721 community
titles involving 4,54,054 acres.
Implementation of CAMPA
• Complying to the guidelines by the Government of India, the Government of Telangana established the
Telangana State Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority (TSCAMPA) in
2014. TSCAMPA is entrusted with the responsibility of managing the money received from the user agencies
towards compensatory afforestation, additional compensatory afforestation, penal compensatory
afforestation and Net Present Value to compensate for the diversion of forest land to non-forest use.
Tiger Reserves in Telangana

M.S.Shashank
• Project Tiger Telangana has two tiger reserves with the
objective to ensure the survival and propagation of tigers (see
Table 12.7).
• The Amrabad Tiger Reserve located in the Nallamala hill tracts
and spreads over Mahabubnagar and Nalgonda districts to a
total area of 2,611 sq.km.
• The Kawal Tiger Reserve with a total area of 2,015 sq.km has
forest areas which are contiguous to Tadoba-Andheri Tiger
Reserve in Maharashtra and Indravati Tiger Reserve in Chhattisgarh. Tigers are observed to migrate between
Kawal and the other two reserves. The All- India tiger estimation carried out in 2018 indicated the presence
of 16 tigers in Amrabad and 10 in Kawal.
Implementation of Biodiversity Act, 2002
• The Government of India enacted the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 (BDA, 2002) to provide for the
conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components and fair and equitable sharing of the
benefits arising out of the use of biological resources and knowledge.
• To implement this in the state, the Government of Telangana created the Telangana State Biodiversity Board
(TSBB) as a statutory and autonomous body corporate under section 22 of the BDA, 2002. TSBB is entrusted
with the responsibility to advise the Government on matters relating to the conservation of biodiversity,
sustainable use of its components and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of
biological resources.
• TSBB also performs the regulatory functions like managing the requests for commercial utilization of
biological resources. Biodiversity Management Committees: TSBB constituted Biodiversity Management
Committees (BMCs) in the state under Section 41 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. The major functions
of BMCs are
o (i) promoting the conservation of biological diversity,
o (ii) documentation of biological diversity,
o (iii) preservation of habitats,
o (iv) conservation of land-races, folk varieties and cultivars, domesticated stocks and breeds of
animals, and microorganisms,
o (v) chronicling of knowledge relating to biodiversity and
o (vi) facilitating the preparation of people’s biodiversity registers. Currently, there are 13,426 BMCs
in the state covering 538 out of 540 mandals.
• People’s Biodiversity Register: People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR) is a legal document that contains the
details of the biological resources occurring within a BMC. It has comprehensive information on the
availability and knowledge of local biological resources, medicinal or any other use or traditional knowledge
associated with them. It also acts as a legal evidence of prior knowledge and a useful tool in the management
and sustainable use of bioresources. 213 PBRs have been prepared to date. Ameenpur lake is recognized as
a Biodiversity Heritage Site.
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
M.S.Shashank
• For centuries, urban areas have served as the epicentre of political and economic power, fostering economic
growth and innovation. As they attract people and skills from all around, urban areas benefit from a robust
spatial concentration of talent, knowledge, and wealth.
• While urban areas gain from such agglomeration of human and financial capital, high density often comes
with associated costs. Traffic congestion, pollution, domestic and industrial waste production, concerns
around affordable housing, and crime are a few examples of such costs. Urban policies strive to minimise
these costs while maximising the benefits of the urban landscape, and ensuring that the gains accrue
equitably across genders and social groups.
• Since its formation in 2014, Telangana has strived to create a sustainable and equitable urban biosphere
within the state. As per population projections released by the National Commission on Population (Ministry
of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India), 46.84% of the state’s population (1.79 crore) is expected
to reside in urban areas in the year 2022. This is projected to further increase to 57.32% (2.2 crore) by 2036
(see Figure 14.1)—an increase of 10.5 percentage points between the two years. In the same period, at the
national level, the percentage of urban residents is expected to increase from 34.75% in 2022 to 39.06% by
2036. This reflects a 4.31 percentage point rise in the share of urban population in the country as a whole.
• This implies that in the year 2022, the urban population of Telangana is projected to be 12.1 percentage
points higher than that of the country, and this gap is expected to increase to 18.3 percentage points by
2036. Thus, not only is Telangana more urbanised than India, but also, it is urbanising at a faster pace than
the country as a whole.
Urban Infrastructure
• Investments in infrastructure are an essential component of urban development. These investments
increase the productivity of urban economic activities, thereby paying for themselves several times over.
The Government has undertaken significant investments to build and maintain the infrastructure in the
urban areas.
Pattana Pragathi
• Pattana Pragathi was launched by the Government in February 2020 to provide a strong foundation for
better standards of living for the urban population, to make urban areas clean and green, and to provide
better services to the urban public at large.
• Pattana Pragathi was executed in three phases— the first of which focussed on developing urban utility
infrastructure, the second on sanitation, and the third on both urban utility infrastructure as well as
sanitation.
• Phases I and II of Pattana Pragathi were implemented in 2020-21, while the third phase was completed in
2021-22. Under Pattana Pragathi, during 2020-21, the Government released Rs. 148 crore each month, of
which Rs. 78 crore were allocated to GHMC, while the rest was shared among the 141 remaining ULBs.
• In 2021-22, the Government has been releasing Rs. 59 crore to GHMC and Rs. 53 crore to other
municipalities in the state each month. These funds have been used to address infrastructural gaps to meet
the goals of citizencentric service delivery by the ULBs.
• Prominent projects address the felt needs in the areas of sanitation and waste management, provision of
public toilets, designing public spaces like gardens, markets, graveyards and animal shelters, and making
concerted efforts towards greenifying the urban areas.

M.S.Shashank
• To improve the sanitation facilities, the ULBs purchased over 2,214 new sanitation vehicles, adding to the
existing stock of 2,628 garbage-lifting vehicles in the state. Taken together, the fleet can collect 100% of the
urban garbage produced by these ULBs on any given day. In the same vein, over 37.19 lakh bins were also
purchased from these funds.
• While garbage collection is essential, the funds were also devoted towards processing of this garbage. In 29
ULBs, the money was used to create new dumpyards. Additionally, 224 new compost sheds and 206 new
Dry Resource Collection Centres (DRCC) have been constructed. Over Rs. 250 crore were utilised for the
construction of Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants (FSTPs) in 71 ULBs.
• The FSTPs have generated capacity to process 1,565 kilo litres of sludge each day. In addition to the garbage
collection infrastructure, the Pattana Pragathi funds were also used to build public toilets.
• The Government accomplished the aim of constructing one public toilet per thousand people in urban areas
by building 4,071 new toilets using funds from this scheme.
• The ULBs also utilised these funds to meet the targets for Telaganaku Haritha Haram (TKHH)—a government
policy to improve urban forestry and increase forest land cover in Telangana from 24% to 33%.
• Under this scheme, the ULBs established 1,053 nurseries, including 51 Central Nurseries, and added an
additional 34.69 lakh tall plants in 2021- 22. They also developed 2,265 Pattana Prakruthi Vanalu (Tree Parks)
with 64.27 lakh plants.
• Additionally, funds were also used to make the Multi Layer Avenue Plantation along 723.76 kilometres of
road. The new plants added under TKHH are regularly watered, weeded, and maintained to ensure a target
survival rate of 90%.
• Finally, the funds were used to develop utility infrastructure. This includes the construction of 369 open
gyms, 1,037 sheds in street vending zones, animal care shelters in 16 districts, 265 Vaikuntha Dhamams, and
integrated veg and non-veg markets (IVNMCs)
Telangana State Building Permission and Self-Certification System (TS-bPASS)

• The Government’s commitment to easing administrative burdens extends to the development of new
buildings as well.
• In 2020, the Government introduced the TS-bPASS for approving the layouts of buildings. The process is the
first in the country to provide fully online services with no touchpoint. It is a single-window system that
expedites approval of building designs, depending on their classification into broad categories.
• The TS-bPASS was brought in to replace the Development Permission Management System (DPMS). The
new rules have eliminated the need to obtain building permission for ground floor and ground plus one
floor residential buildings. It provides tentative layout approval through online application. It also provides
for the processing of land use certificates and land conversion certificates.
Government Initiatives
• The Government is committed to pursuing policies that create new jobs and upskill people to match the
needs of new jobs required particularly in the urban areas.
• In this regard, the Government has undertaken several initiatives that impart skills and provide employment
opportunities to the people, such as the employment through Employment through Skills Training &
Placement (EST&P) program.
• The skills provided under this program help the urban poor gain salaried employment in the private sector. Of
the 37,422 candidates trained under this program till December 2021, 17,233 have been provided employment.
M.S.Shashank
Urban Areas and Climate Change
• In 2020, the Government of India published its fi rst assessment of Climate Change and its possible consequences
for India. It states that between 1901 and 2018, India’s average temperature has risen by around 0.7 degrees
celsius.
• Further, it projects that, under different assumptions, the surface temperature would increase by 2 to 3 degrees
celsius between 2040 and 2070. Hence, by the end of the 21st century, the projected rise in temperature over
India is roughly 4.4 degrees celsius.
• At the same time, the report projects lower rainfalls, more droughts, and rising sea levels. While climate change
is a global challenge, urban areas worldwide have a signifi cant role to play in combating climate change. It is
estimated that over 75% of global carbon dioxide emissions arise in the cities. Thus, creating and maintaining
sustainable cities is the key to reducing future carbon emissions and limiting earth’s warming.
Strategic Nala Development Programme
• On 8 October 2021, Hyderabad and surrounding districts witnessed over 100 mm of rainfall within a couple of
hours. The October 2021 rainfall was not an isolated event—two major high rainfall events were observed in
Hyderabad in 2020 as well. In fact, according to a 2021 report by Telangana State Development Planning Society
(TSDPS) and the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES), four out of five highest 24-hour rainfall days for
Hyderabad from the last century were witnessed in the previous two decades.
Green Budget
• In addition to mitigation strategies, the Government has also taken up proactive measures. Since 2020, all ULBs
in the state have earmarked 10% of their budget as ‘Green Budget’.
• The goal of ‘Green Budget’ is to address urban forestry and development of green cover in urban areas on a
priority basis. This is done by establishing nurseries and plantations, and carrying out awareness programmes in
the urban areas.
• Taken together, all 142 ULBs in Telangana have set aside Rs. 590.39 crores for the Green Budget in 2021-22.
GHMC allocated Rs. 306.67 crore towards the Green Budget in 2021-22. The proposed expenditure for GHMC
under broad heads is shown in Figure 14.10.
• A large share of the Green Budget (47%) is devoted to developing colony parks, followed by upkeep and
maintenance of city parks (44%). Development and maintenance of public parks serves many purposes. It
provides recreational spaces for the residents, especially the children, and increases the green cover of the city.
Financing Urban Development
• Urban development requires considerable upfront public investment. While development of infrastructure such
as flyovers and metro services provides a considerable boost to the productivity of the local economy, financing
their construction remains a key concern globally.
• Telangana’s Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) benefit from a significant tax base that helps finance the development of
its cities. In January 2021, Telangana joined five other states (Rajasthan, Goa, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and
Madhya Pradesh) in completing Urban Local Body (ULB) reforms stipulated by the Department of Expenditure
(Ministry of Finance, Government of India).
• This entailed changing the floor rates of property tax rates to reflect the prevailing circle rates in the nearby
areas, and update the user charges as well. This allowed the ULBs to raise resources that could help improve the
health and sanitation in the areas that they cover. In addition, the Government would also introduce a
mechanism to increase these rates periodically.


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T

Heela Saron P.Sindhu Priya Veesa Dheeraj P Sai Eswar Yaswanth

Gondesi Bhanodaya D Paavan Kumar K.Aravind Marripati Hemalatha Thiruveedhula Chiranjeevi

We wish you the best for your Test preparation!

UPSC / IAS Prelims Cum Mains

Integrated Foundation Course

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Telangana Budget 2022-23

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Budget Estimates for 2022-23

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• Committed expenditure: Committed expenditure of a state typically includes expenditure on payment of

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Deficits and Debt Targets for 2022-23

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Telangana Trade and Commerce

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Framework of future policy:-

1. Simplification of regulatory approvals,

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Land Use Pattern

Production of major crops

Efforts of State Government in Strengthening Agriculture Statistics

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Livestock sector in Telangana

Crop loan waiver

Risk Mitigation-Rythu Bima

Free power for agriculture

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Improving Irrigation Facilities

Measures to improve irrigation

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Telangana State-Industrial Project Approval and Self-Certification System (TS-iPASS)

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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

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Life Sciences and Pharmaceuticals

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• During 2020-21, Telangana exported

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Sectoral Growth Rate

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Information Technology and IT Enabled Services

Telangana ICT Policy, 2016

Distributed Growth- GRID Policy and Special IT-SEZ

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Initiatives to promote Real Estate Services

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Banking and Insurance

Government Initiatives to promote tourism

Employment Trends in the Services Sector

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Welfare of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Backward Classes and Minorities