Resource 20230420012011 Class-9 ch-1 Eco

Class-9 Chapter 1 – The Story of Village Palampur
2. Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured

in industries. Do you agree?
Answer:
Yes, it is correct to say that modern farming methods require more inputs which
are manufactured in industries. It is because modern farming methods use high-
yielding varieties of seeds. These seeds require both chemical fertilisers and
pesticides, agricultural implementations like tractors and proper irrigation
facilities like electric tube wells, and all these elements are manufactured in
industries. However, on the other hand, traditional farming methods use a
relatively low-yielding variety of seeds and use cow dung and other natural
manures as fertiliser, which is why they are less dependent on industrial outputs.
3. How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?
Answer:
The spread of electricity helped the farmers of Palampur as it aided in the
transformation of the irrigation system of the village. The farmers earlier used
Persian wheels to draw water from wells and irrigate small fields. But after the
spread of electricity, electric tube wells replaced these Persian wheels. The first
tube well was installed by the Government, but later, private tube wells were also
set up by the farmers, resulting in the cultivation of the entire 200 hectares of
irrigated land by the 1970s.
4. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?
Answer:
It is important to increase the land under irrigation because farming is the main
source of income for the maximum part of the population in India and only less
than 40 per cent of the land is cultivable in the country. Farmers are dependent
on the erratic monsoon season, and if the rainfall is less, farmers are bound to
suffer a major loss. So if the water is provided for irrigation to the farmers for a
larger portion of land, it would give better output and make more land cultivable
in India and also encourage farmers to take up newer farming methods without
the fear of suffering loss.
5. Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of
Palampur.
Answer:
The distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur is as given below:
Area of land Cultivated Number of Families
0 150
Less than 2 hectares 240
More than 2 hectares 60
6. Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum
wages?
Answer:
There are many landless farm labourers who are paid less than the minimum
wages in Palampur. The Government-declared wage for a farm labourer is Rs 300
per day, but the competition for work among the farm labourers is very high,
which is why people agree to work for lower wages.
7. In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or
labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they
paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?
Answer:
Students must do this activity themselves and answer the question based on their
survey.
8. What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of
land? Use examples to explain.
Answer:
To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as
multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given
piece of land. The best example of this is the cultivation in Palampur. In
Palampur, jowar and bajra grow during the rainy season, followed by potato
between October and December, and during the winter season, wheat is sown in
the fields. The main reason for this is the well-developed system of irrigation.
9. Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.
Answer:
A farmer with 1 hectare of land will be called a small farmer. Since the area for
cultivation is small, the outcome may also not be high. So, in order to be able to
get the best possible yield, the farmer needs money. This money is borrowed from
a moneylender at a high interest rate and at times may also have to work as a farm
labourer for the moneylender. Once the farm is cultivated, the produce has to be
divided for personal use and for selling in the market. Whatever profit is earned,
the farmer has to usually give it away to the moneylender, and little money is left
for the use of the farmer himself. The only help a small farmer gets is that of his
family members.
10. How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How
is it different from the small farmers?
Answer:
Large and medium farmers sell surplus farm products from a part of their produce.
A part of the earnings is saved and kept for buying capital for the next season. A
few of them give away the savings to small farmers and loans at high interest
rates and get back the amount by the next season. Thus, they are able to arrange
for the capital for farming from their own savings. Some farmers might also use
the savings to buy cattle, trucks, or to set up shops.
11. On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita’s
condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of
interest?
Answer:
Savita got a loan from Tejpal Singh at the rate of interest of 24 per cent for four
months and also had to work for Tejpal Singh as a farm labourer at the wage of
Rs 100 per day during the harvest season.
The case would have been different if Savita had taken the loan from a bank. The
rate of interest would have been lesser than what was asked by Tejpal Singh and
also she would have been able to pay complete attention to her own field during
the time of harvest.
13. What are the non-farm production activities taking place in your region?
Make a short list.
Answer:
The non-farm production activities taking place in our region are as follow:
1. Dairy
2. Transportation
3. General Stores
4. Fishing
5. Mining
14. What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be
started in villages?
Answer:
To promote more non-farm production activities in villages, the following steps
can be taken:
1. Loans must be available for people at lower interest rates so that they can
start the non-farm production activities.
2. Proper markets should be set up so that the produced goods can be sold.
3. The concerned authorities must set up better transportation between cities
and villages so that the produced goods can be transported to cities and
more money can be earned through the non-farming activities.

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Class-9 Chapter 1 – The Story of Village Palampur

2. Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured

Less than 2 hectares 240

More than 2 hectares 60

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