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    Electromagnetic Waves

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    Electromagnetic Waves

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views9 pages

    Chapter 9. Griffiths-Electromagnetic Waves 9.3

    Uploaded by

    fellicia kim
    Electromagnetic Waves

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    Chapter 9.

    Electromagnetic Waves
    9.3 Electromagnetic waves in Matter
    9.3.1 Propagation in Linear Media

    In linear and homogeneous media with no free charge and no free current,

    B E
    E  0 B  0 E  -   B  
    t t

    (For most materials,  is very close to 0)

    Boundary conditions

    I  Saverage  S
    9.3.2 Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence
    Incident wave
    Suppose xy plane forms the boundary
    between two linear media.

    A plane wave of frequency ω is


    traveling in the z direction (from left),
    polarized along x direction (TE polarization). Transmitted wave

    Reflected wave

    Incident wave
     
    E I ( z , t )  E0 I exp  i  k1 z  t   x
     
    B I ( z , t )  E0 I exp  i  k1 z  t   y
    1
    Transmitted wave
    v1  
    E T ( z , t )  E0T exp  i  k2 z  t   x
    Reflected wave  
    BT ( z, t )  E0T exp  i  k2 z  t   y
    1
     
    E R ( z , t )  E0 R exp  i  k1 z  t   x v2
     
    B R ( z , t )   E0 R exp  i  k1 z  t   y
    1
    v1
    Reflection and Transmission at Normal Incidence

    At z = 0,

    The real amplitudes are related by

    R+T=1
    9.3.3 Reflection and Transmission at Oblique Incidence
    x
    All three waves have the same frequency .
    Transmitted wave
    The incident, reflected, and transmitted wave
    vectors form a plane (called the plane of incidence),

    Because the boundary conditions must hold


    at all points on the plane, and for all times,
    the exponential factors must be equal at z = 0 plane.

    Incident wave
     Phase Matching Condition

    Reflected wave if y = 0

    Transmitted wave

    (Snell's law)
    Phase Matching

     Phase Matching Condition

    Problem 9.16 Suppose for some nonzero constants A, B, C, a, b, c, and for all x.
    Prove that a = b = c and A + B = C.
    Fresnel’s Equations

    Suppose that the polarization of the incident wave is parallel to the plane of incidence – Transverse Magnetic (TM) polarization

    (Boundary Conditions)

    (0 = 0) since no z-component,

    (i) & (iii) 

    (iv) 

    Fresnel’s Equations
    Fresnel’s Equations (TM polarization: B is perpendicular to the plane of incidence)

    (For TM polarization)

     The transmitted wave is always in phase with the incident one


     The reflected wave is in phase ("right side up"), if  > ,
     The reflected wave is 180o out of phase ("upside down") if  < 

    The amplitudes of the transmitted and reflected waves depend on the angle of incidence.

     because  is a function of I :

    Interestingly, there is all intermediate angle, B (called Brewster's angle)

    The reflected wave is completely extinguished when  = :

     For the typical case


    Fresnel’s Equations (TE polarization: E is perpendicular to the plane of incidence)

    Problem 9.16 Analyze the case of polarization perpendicular to the plane of incidence (i.e. electric fields in the y direction)

    (For TE polarization)

     The transmitted wave is always in phase with the incident one.


     The reflected wave is in phase ("right side up"), if  < 1,
     The reflected wave is 180o out of phase ("upside down") if  > 1

    Is there a Brewster’s angle for TE polarization?

     E0R = 0 would mean that  = 1,

    No Brewster angle

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