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Lab Activity Edit
Lab Activity Edit
1
Group 4C
Cajucom, Alric Delos Reyes, Julius Bryan G. Insigne, Willard C. Moshe, Ralph B. Piczon, Florie B. Saac, Kent Richard
INTRODUCTION:
The kidneys, organs with several functions, serve essential regulatory roles in most animals, including vertebrates and some invertebrates. They are essential in urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid-base balance, and regulation of blood pressure. The kidneys also are responsible for the reabsorption of water, glucose, and amino acids. Each kidney excretes urine into a ureter, a paired structure that empties into the urinary bladder. (Chaurasia, 1995). The aim of this activity is to illustrate the normal action of the kidneys in diuresis during different activities (our group is assigned to perform the effect of double water loading on diuresis).
250
41
104
138
150
162
143
pH Table 1.0a
After
Light yellow clear
Figure 1.0
As shown in table 1.0, double water loading on diuresis has no effect on urines pH. Before the subject drank water, his urines pH is 6, and it stayed the same after he drank 2 liters of water. Figure 1.0 reveals the relationship between urination time and urination volume. It is noticeable in this figure that as the urine volume increases, so did the urination time. Note that in table 1.0, the shortest urination time is 8 seconds wherein the subject also had the smallest urine volume. In other words, the longer a person urinates, the more amount of urine that person could excrete. FOR ACTIVITIES 1,2 & 3: Sample 6 7 Sample 7 3
Table 1.1 Results of measurements in Water Diuresis Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample 1 2 3 4 5 Urination 13 4 6 12 7
time (s)
100
10
59
200
81
20
10
pH
Table 1.1 Shows increasing urination time and urine volume after initial sample, then both measurements decreasing from sample 4 to the last sample. pH is the same for all samples. Figure 1.1
Table 1.2 Results of measurements in Saline Diuresis Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample 1 2 3 4 5 Urination 15 3 9 19 15
time (s) Urine volume (ml)
Sample 6 10 48
Sample 7 10 25
125
10
24
87
110
pH Figure 1.2
Table 1.3 Results of measurements in Effect of Exercise on Water Diuresis Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample Sample 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Urination 20 10 11 14 16 8 8
time (s) Urine volume (ml)
220
10
90
180
100
15
15
pH
Figure 1.3
Table 1.4
Water Diuresis Saline Diuresis Effect of Exercise on Water Diuresis
After
Light yellow Clear
Befo re
Yellow orange Clear
After
Light yellow Clear
Befo re
Golden yellow Clear
After
Light yellow clear
Table 1.0a and table 1.4 show that the color of urine samples taken from the subjects all ranged from yellow orange to light yellow. As newer samples were taken, the color gradually turned lighter. All urine samples were clear, offering no conclusive effect of the different activities performed with respect to turbidity. The pH levels of the urine samples ranged from 5 to 7. On the experiment with saline diuresis (table 1.1) and water dieresis coupled with exercise (table 1.2), pH values started with 7 and gradually decreased. On the water diuresis and double water loading experiments, all the pH values were 6. One of the main functions of the kidneys is the removal from the body of waste products such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. However, the kidneys role is not merely excretion. They are also regulatory organs, controlling the volume and the composition of the body fluids and maintaining the correct osmolality, ion concentrations, and acid-base status of the body. (Blakemore, Jennet 2001) This explains why most of the subjects gave increasing amounts of urine and urine color becoming lighter. It can also be argued that as more saline and blood were being regulated (Tables 1.2 and 1.3), the more acidic the urine becomes. Diuresis is the increased secretion of urine by the kidneys. This normally follows the drinking of more fluid than the body requires. (Oxford 2008) References: Colin Blakemore, Shelia Jennet: The Oxford Companion to the Body, 2001 A Dictionary of Nursing 2008, Oxford University Press 2008. Chaurasia, 1995 (include book title)