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Bore Hole Design
Bore Hole Design
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Introduction PAT are long established designer and promoter of appropriate well drilling machinery tools and accessories. It is a design goal to make equipment that can be4 operated by those close to the basic water need equipment needs to be simple to operate, rugged and comprehensive in its ability to construct holes for water supply in a wide variety of geological formation. The drilling machine and its accessories are purely the construction tools used to construct the borehole. The water supply to be taken from that hole rely on the installation of some permanent equipment - the borehole pump, well linning material and the required gravel / sand packs, sealing and well apron. It is a fact that a sustainable and clean water supply will rely on how these materials are used and installed. This booklet gives details of some basic borehole constructions that are used with PAT equipment around the world.
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GRANITE HOLE
DESCRIPTION OF HOLE 100mm. nominal diameter unlined
Drilled 6 (150mm.) Dragbit with Air, Foam or Mud Flush 4 (113 x 102mm.) PVC casing
Typical water table rises above water in fissures Cement / bentonite seal
GRANITE
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GRANITE HOLE
DESCRIPTION OF HOLE Consolidated hard layers in the weathered rock
SAND
Drilled 6 1/2 (165mm.) Dragbit, Button bit with Air, Foam or Dragbit with Mud Flush 5 (140 x 126mm.) PVC casing Remove / permanent after 4 (113 x 102mm.) PVC casing set 5 (125mm.) Dragbit , Button bit with Air, Foam or Dragbit with Mud Flush 4 (113 x 102mm.) PVC casing
GRANITE
crack or fissures storing water Drilled 100mm. Button bit 3 DTH HAMMER
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GRANITE HOLE
DESCRIPTION OF HOLE Lined with 4 (113 x 102mm.) PVC casing & screen
Drilled 8 (200mm.) Dragbit with Air, Foam or Mud Flush SOFT WEATHERED ROCK SILTS & CLAY 6 (168 x 152mm.) steel temporary casing Remove after 4 casing set
Drilled 150mm. Button bit 5 DTH HAMMER Hand pump cylinder or 4 submersible pump. Graded gravel pack
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REGOLITH
DESCRIPTION OF HOLE Taking water from weathered layer above hard rock
Drilled 8 (200mm.) Dragbit with Air, Foam or Mud Flush SAND 4 (113 x 102mm.) PVC casing
Hand pump cylinder or 4 submersible pump. Graded gravel pack 0.8-1.5mm. (0.5mm. slot) 1.0-2.0mm. (1.0mm. slot) (or natural development possible) 4 (113 x 102mm.) well screen 113 x 102mm. casing point
Hard rock
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SEDIMENTARY
DESCRIPTION OF HOLE Naturally developed
Drilled 6 1/2 (165mm.) Dragbit with Mud flush only SAND 4 (113 x 102mm.) PVC casing
(will work any size adapt drillbit to suitable)
SILTS & CLAY TYPICALLY Hand pump cylinder or 4 submersible pump. Cement / bentonite seal placed after development
4 (113 x 102mm.) well screen slot size 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75,1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mm. select slot size that will just pass average grain size of sand aquifer - so it will pass all the fine bit retain the coarse particles. option: fillter fabric 0.1mm. use on 1.0 mm. slot above. Sump section 4 (113 x 102mm.) PVC casing 2 - 6 meter long 113 x 102mm. casing point
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SEDIMENTARY
DESCRIPTION OF HOLE
Reduced diameter well screen for very fine sands requring an even gravel pack
SAND
2 (63 x 52mm.) well screen slot size 0.5-1.0mm. Graded gravel pack - use 0.7-1.5mm. graded washed sand to gravel pack for 0.5 slot size - use 1.0-2.0mm. gravel pack for 1.0 slot size 113 x 63mm. PVC threaded adaptor Sump section 4 (113 x 102mm.) PVC casing 3 - 6 meter long 113 x 102mm. casing point
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SEDIMENTARY
DESCRIPTION OF HOLE Hole with small pipe as combined stabaliser and dip tube
Drilled 8 (200mm.) Dragbit with Mud flush only 4 (113 x 102mm.) PVC casing
WATER TABLE Option take 1 pipe to surface with hacksaw cuts at screen level this will act as dip tube for well dipper monitoring of water levels etc.
Cement / bentonite seal COARSE SAND AQUIFER 4 (113 x 102mm.) well screen slot size 0.5-1.0mm. Graded gravel pack - use 0.7-1.5mm. graded washed sand to gravel pack for 0.5 slot size - use 1.0-2.0mm. gravel pack for 1.0 slot size Sump section 4 (113 x 102mm.) PVC casing 3 - 6 meter long Soft iron wire wrapped on jig
118 mm. 118 mm.
4 casing
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SEDIMENTARY
DESCRIPTION OF HOLE Telescopic casing for natural development only
Hand pump cylinder or 4 submersible pump. Cement / bentonite seal 98 x 63mm. PVC adaptor
Drilled 4 (100mm.) Dragbit with Mud flush only 2 (63 x 52mm.) well screen slot size 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0mm. Select slot size that will just pass average grain size of sand aquifer so it will pass all the fine but retain coarse particles Sump section 2 (63 x 52mm.) plain casing PVC casing 3 - 6 meter long 63 x 52mm. casing point
98 x 63 mm. PVC adaptor
SAND AQUIFER
Tool
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