LTE Overview
LTE Overview
LTE Overview
LTE Overview
Outline:
Status/Future
Introduction
What is LTE?
The 3GPP Long Term Evolution for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. Covered in series 36 articles of 3GPP.
Started in '04, finished '08 with Release 8. Latest Release 10, still ongoing. Offers operators numerous improvements and all new technologies all across the board.
Introduction
Introduction
Why LTE?
High user demand for higher data rates, better reliability of services.
Provides efficiency gains. Real-time interactive services require very low delays, only achievable through different network architecture (EPC) Improved Capacity Cost Reduction
Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, Cisco, 9 February 2010.
Key parameters
Release 8 parameters
MIMO
eNodeB as node FDD duplex scheme 50ms latency roundtrip Relaying Multicast/Broadcast support Beamforming
Carrier Aggregation
Simplified Architecture/Flatter Network
Julian Duran, UIC 02/14/12
Flatter and much simpler architecture in contrast with previous standards. Air interface uses both FDD and TDD duplex schemes. OFDMA in DL, SC-FDMA in UL Expected bit rates in the 20 and 30 Mbps.
RAN Cont.
Variable BW allows LTE to be scalable and makes it flexible to operators need. Release 10 introduces relaying. This allows simpler less complex nodes to be located in more accessible places and provide constant network operation. Carrier aggregation enables BW increase. Up to five components can be added for a maximum of 100Mhz. This along with MIMO achieves the incredible 1Gbps(theoretical) bit rates.
Julian Duran, UIC 02/14/12
RAN Cont.
In order to combat multipath fading and thus frequency selectivity of the channel at high BW without using unreliable channel equalization, OFDMA was selected for the DL.
RAN Cont.
In the Uplink, because of power constraints, SCFDMA is selected since it has a lower avg-to-peak power ratio.
Different radio techniques in DL and UL allow LTE to optimize network and spectrum utilization and provide a better user experience (battery life).
Protocol Stack
LTE-MIMO
C=BW*M*log2(1+S/N);
LTE-MIMO
EPC elements
MME (Mobility Management Entity) - key control server. Responsible for idle mode UE tracking and paging. Choosing SGW for UE at initial attach and authentication procedures through HSS.
SGW (Serving Gateway) Routes and forwards user data packets for the intraLTE network. Handles handover between eNBs.
PDN GW External network router. Provides core LTE network with connectivity to external networks (Internet, 3GPP, non-3GPP, etc).
Performance/Advantages
Can support 200 active data clients at full speed per 5Mhz of BW, per cell; i.e. for 20Mhz 800 data clients on a single cell at full rate. Possible to add more sacrificing speed. Being an all IP core network, substantially reduces latency/delay. Backwards compatible with existing 3G schemes, though through added network elements that were not in the core specifications, thus reducing stability.
Very easy for operators to implement since it allows for flexible BW configs and eases the migration from preexisting 3G
Julian Duran, UIC 02/14/12
Performance/Advantages
Real life test by R&S engineer. Param: 700Mhz band, 10Mhz BW. Prob. Verizon net
Data on sector throughput. Important for net capacity; on avg how much data rate can realistically be achieved in serving all users.
LTE is considered the panacea (the remedy, cure) to mobile telco's mess of different technologies.
Is here to say; LTE is expected to be the cellular network standard for the next decade or more!
Represents a big leap from hybrid voice and data to a data-only network (voice considered data) Wireless network technology is likely to become more widely used than traditional wired services(cable, DSL) due to easier access and on par performance.
Question?
Resources/Reference:
Thank You
4G LTE/LTE-A for mobile broadband; Erik Dahlman Design Considerations for MIMO radio transcerivers; Yorgos Palaskas LTE Protocol overview; freescale semiconductor whitepaper doc.#LTEPTCLOVWWP LTE: A technical Overview: Motorola whitepaper 3ggp.org; series 36 documents Www.extremetech.com; what is lte