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    Rosendo Dacuyan
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    This document summarizes the pathophysiology of viral hepatitis. It outlines various risk factors for viral hepatitis infection and names the main hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E). It then describes the acute liver inflammation caused by viral infection, including the cytotoxic immune response and subsequent liver damage. Finally, it discusses the diagnostic tests used to identify viral hepatitis and the typical symptom progression from the pre-icteric to icteric to post-icteric phases of illness.

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    This document summarizes the pathophysiology of viral hepatitis. It outlines various risk factors for viral hepatitis infection and names the main hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E). It then describes the acute liver inflammation caused by viral infection, including the cytotoxic immune response and subsequent liver damage. Finally, it discusses the diagnostic tests used to identify viral hepatitis and the typical symptom progression from the pre-icteric to icteric to post-icteric phases of illness.

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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    1K views3 pages

    Hepatitis

    Uploaded by

    Rosendo Dacuyan
    This document summarizes the pathophysiology of viral hepatitis. It outlines various risk factors for viral hepatitis infection and names the main hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E). It then describes the acute liver inflammation caused by viral infection, including the cytotoxic immune response and subsequent liver damage. Finally, it discusses the diagnostic tests used to identify viral hepatitis and the typical symptom progression from the pre-icteric to icteric to post-icteric phases of illness.

    Copyright:

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    Pathophysiology of Viral Hepatitis

    Risk Factors: Poor sanitation and hygiene Contaminated food and water Multiple sexual partners Immunosupressed Injecting drug users Blood transfusion Health care workers Infants born to HBV-infected mother

    Etiology: Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E

    Acute liver inflammation

    Cytotoxic cytokines and natural killer cells cause lysis of infected hepatotocytes Pre - icteric phase Kupffer cells proliferate and

    Induction of immune response

    Antigen-antibody complexes

    Activation of complement system S/S: Anorexia, RUQ pain, nausea, malaise, wt loss (1 21 days*) *maximum infectivity for HAV

    Cell injury

    Immune complex formation in circulation Immune complex deposition in vascular Vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels) Impairs blood supply to the

    Fibrous scars

    Obstruction of blood and bile flow Ischemia

    Necrosis

    Ischemia

    Liver damage

    Liver

    If managed: Adequate rest Avoid alcohol and drugs detoxified by the liver Vitamin supplements High in calorie and protiencarbohydrates and low in fat diet.

    Icteric phase

    Virus is not killed

    Same GI s/s as Pre Icteric phase, dark urine, jaundice, hepatomegaly (2 -4 weeks duration)

    Viral antigens persists in the liver

    Viral infection

    Carrier of state B, C, D, (asymptomatic)

    Promotes liver cells for regeneration

    Transmit disease

    Liver resume to normal appearance and function

    May progress to: Hepato cellular carcinoma

    Post - icteric phase

    Liver cirrhosis Liver failure

    Malaise, Fatigue, Hepatomegaly may remain (2 4 months duration)

    Death

    Diagnostic Examinations: Liver function test: Aspartate aminotransferase(AST) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase Bilirubin Alkaline phosphatase Serum albumin Serum belirubin Prothrombin time -hepatitis A surface antigen (HAsAg) or hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)

    Symptomatology: Preicteric (prodomal phase) -Last for 1wk -Elevated temperature and chills -Nausea and vomiting -Dyspnea -Head ache -Arthralgia -Weakness -Weigth loss -Hepatomegaly -lymphadenopathy Icteric Phase -Starts with the onset of jaundice -Intensity in 2wks and last for 4-6 wks -worsening of anorexia -N/V -Dyspnea -weakness and malaise -liver tenderness increases Posticteric Phase -begins with the disappearance of jaundice, normally last for several wks up to 4 months

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