History of Wild Life Management
History of Wild Life Management
Or is it gone?
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Guild Concept
guild = group of species that exploit the same class of resources in similar way community guild = no taxonomic restrictions; guild members chosen based on investigator-defined resources assemblage guild = guild members based on taxonomic relations
Habitat
An area supporting a particular type of vegetation (habitat type) An area with the combination of resources and environmental conditions that allows a species (or population) to occupy, survive and reproduce habitat quality as relative term
Habitat Quality
Good habitat means there are higher densities of a species compared to Poor habitat.Right!? Not necessarily.Van Horne (1983) pointed out that animal density may not be the most accurate measure of habitat quality.
Quality relates more to vital rates (survival and reproduction), vitality of offspring, temporal nature
Habitat
Habitat from an evolutionary perspective Species distribution relative to habitat distn Climatic events Pleistocene Epoch & distn of modern species
Evolutionary underpinnings Adaptation & Evolution for habitat
Behavior is Important!
Species 1
Species 2
Scale Dependence of Habitat Selection 1st Order 2nd Order 3rd Order 4th Order
Macrohabitat vs. Microhabitat
Habitat Selection
Proximate Factors *Immediate context *Predation *Competition *Abiotic factors vs. Ultimate Factors *Evolutionary context *Fitness relations
Human-induced heterogeneity
1976 Federal Land Policy & Mgt Act BLM & land use plans 1976 National Forest Mgt Act (NFMA) USFS & forest mgt plans
1985 Food Security Act Farm Bill Provisions - Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) CREP (enhancement) - Wetland Reserve Program (WRP) - Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP)
2001 Conservation & Reinvestment Act (CARA)
Importance of Management
Finite natural resources (land, water, wildlife, fuel, etc) Future generations inherit our world
Biodiversity
Genetic diversity and: evolution reproduction adaptation disease
Biodiversity
Species Diversity and: Evolution Community stability Predator-prey relations (keystone predators) Umbrella species
Biodiversity
Ecosystem Diversity and: Evolution Flow of Energy & Nutrients Disturbance & change
Types of Management
1) Manage Populations Protect species Remove individuals by exploitation Re-establish species Add to population from captive source Control predators and/or diseases Artificial feeding
Types of Management
2) Manage People Law enforcement Public relations Control access and/or use Education
Types of Management
3) Manage Habitat Maintain habitat Improve habitat
Ways to Manage
1) Featured Species Mgt single species particular purpose e.g., white-tailed deer could also include umbrella species and flagship species