Attitude PPT (MBA Hons.)
Attitude PPT (MBA Hons.)
Meaning Of Attitude
Attitudes are evaluative statements indicating ones feeling either favourably or unfavourably towards persons,objects,events or situations Attitude is very complex cognitive process just like personality of an individual. POSITIVE ATTITUDE :- Positive mental attitude is a psychological term which describes a mental phenomenon in which the central idea is that one can increase achievement through optimistic thought processes. NEGATIVE ATTITUDE :-A negative attitude is characterized by a great disdain for everything. Someone who constantly points out the negative in everything.
Attitude
Attitude is defined as a
learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object. That is, attitudes affect behavior at a different level than do values
Features of Attitude
Attitude can be characterized in Different ways: Changes with time & situation Related to feelings & beliefs of people Effects ones behaviour positively or negatively Affect perception Learned through experiences May be unconsciously held
Nature of Attitude
ASPECTS OF VALENCE-the degree of favourableness or unfavourableness toward the event ASPECTS OF MULTIPLEXITY-number of element constituting the attitude RELATION TO NEED ASPECT-vary in relation to needs they serve CENTRALITY ASPECT-importance of attitude object to someone
Attitude Components
Affective
Conative
Cognitive
Attitude Components
Cognitive component
The opinion or belief segment of an attitude.
Affective Component
The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude.
Behavioral Component
An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.
Functions Of Attitude
Adjustment Ego Defensive
Attitude
Knowledge
Value expression
Functions Of Attitude
The Adjustment Function : Attitudes often help people to adjust to their work environment. Ego-Defensive Function : Attitudes help people to retain their dignity and self- image. The Value-Expressive Function : Attitudes provide individuals with a basis for expressing their values. The Knowledge Function : Attitudes provide standards and frames of reference that allow people to understand and perceive the world around him.
Formation Of Attitude
Experience with Object
Mass Communication
Classical Conditioning
Economic Status
Attitude
Operant Conditioning
Neighbourhood
Vicarious Learning
Formation Of Attitude
Experience with Object : Attitude can develop from a personally rewarding or punishing experience with a object. Classical Conditioning :It involves involuntary responses and is acquired through the pairing of two stimuli. Operant Conditioning : It is based on the Law of Effect and involves voluntary responses ,Behaviors. Vicarious Learning : Formation of attitude by observing behaviour of others and consequences of that behaviour.
Continued.
Family and Peer Groups : A person may learn attitudes through imitation of parents. Neighbourhood : Involves being told what attitudes to have by parents, schools, community organizations, religious doctrine, friends, etc. Economic Status : Our Economical and occupational positions also contribute to attitude formation. Mass Communication : Television,Radio,Newspaper and magazine feed their audiences large quantities of information.
Continued.
Concerned with the inconsistencies that arise between related beliefs.knowledge,evalution about object. Consists of two theories1. Balance theory 2. Congruity theory
BALANCE THEORY- BY HEIDER The theory is concerned with consistency in the judgement of people & issues that are linked by some form of relationship People seek balance in their cognitive structure & attitude change comes when system is not balanced BALANCED STATE- in which everything fits together harmoniously
CONGRUITY THEORY
Congruity is a stable state & incongruity is unstable one. Focus on changes in the evaluation of source & concept linked by associative or dissociative assertion Change in attitude to resolve incongruity
Research Methodology
Research
is an organized and systematic study of materials and sources in order to discover new things and establish facts. is a way to systematically solve
Research methodology
the research problem.
students whether positive or negative and ways to improve negative attitude.so our objective is to know about attitude.
RESEARCH TYPE-Descriptive research SAMPLING- We take samples from different gender and
different geographical area for survey to be conducted and for this purpose we surveyed the students of university school of management.the result of sampling has attained sufficiently high standard accuracy.
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SAMPLING SIZEwe took sample size 70 and 4 variables on the basis of which we will analyse our data. These variables are: Rural and urban Male and female TOTAL 70 TOTAL 70 RURAL 32 MALE 37 URBAN 38 FEMALE 33
b)AGREE d)DISAGREE
Analysis Of Project
Ques.1 to 9) Analysis on the basis of
Yes/No.
questions.
Five questions are positive and four questions are negative .
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Ques.1) Do you trust humankind ?
Attitude is Positive.
Continued.
Ques .2) Does it always happen something bad when you are close to success ?
Continued.
Ques.3) Do you think that you should not get too involved in things Because they are going to end, sooner or later ?
Continued.
Ques.4) Are there more troubles or satisfactions in life?
Continued.
Ques.5) In order to avoid disappointments do you force yourself to have low expectations ?
Continued.
Ques.6) You see your plans realized in future ?
Attitude is Positive.
Continued.
Ques.7) Is it possible that something positive happens by chance?
Attitude is Positive.
Continued.
Ques.8) Do you see any positive approach in troubles?
Attitude is Positive.
Continued.
Ques.9) When things are going well you expect them to last forever ?
Attitude is Positive.
Continued.
Overall 5 Positive Questions :
Positive Attitude
Continued
Overall 4 Negative Questions :
Continued
For analysing data collected through questinnaire wedivide the whole questionnaire into positive and negative questions in case of liket scale questions. then we give rank to options as given below which is opposite in both positive and negative questions.here we use average for finding results.
Continued.
Ques.10 to 16) Analysis on the basis of Likert scaling : (Range for Positive questions : Under LIKERT SCALE Category :) We have taken five categories under this scaling : Categories Rating
Strongly Agree Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly Disagree Range is : 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5 4 3 2 1
Continued.
Continued.
(Range for Negative Questions : Under LIKERT SCALE Category :) We have taken five categories under this scaling : Categories Rating
Strongly Agree Agree Undecided Disagree Strongly Disagree Range is : 6-12 12-18 18-24 24-30 1 2 3 4 5
Continued.
Attitude is Both Low Positive and Low Negative from tha data of 70 Questionnaires.
Conclusion
Bibliography
1. www.sitehr.com
2. Sahini K.N Organisational Behaviour Kalyani publishers,2007 Chapter Attitude,Page No. 383408
3. 4. 5. 6.