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18 Antivirals Upd
18 Antivirals Upd
Viral Replication
• A virus cannot replicate on its own.
• It must attach to and enter a host cell.
• It then uses the host cell’s energy to synthesize
protein, DNA, and RNA.
Pyrimidine nucleosides
• thymine
• cytosine
Copyright © 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Antivirals: Purine Nucleosides
Agent Antiviral Activity
guanines
acyclovir HSV 1 & 2, VZV
ganciclovir (DHPG) CMV retinitis and systemic
CMV infection
ribavirin (RTCD) Influenza types A and B,
RSV, LV, HV
adenosines
didanosine (ddl) HIV
vidarabine (Ara-A) HSV, herpes zoster
Copyright © 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Antivirals: Pyrimidine Nucleosides
Agent Antiviral Activity
cytosines
lamivudine (3TC) HIV
zalcitabine (ddC) HIV
thymine
idoxuridine (IDU) HSV
stavudine (d4T) HIV
trifluridine HSV
zidovudine (AZT) HIV
Copyright © 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Other Antivirals
amantadine
(Symmetrel) and rimantadine (Flumadine)
• influenza A
foscarnet (Foscavir)
• CMV (retinitis and systemic)
didanosine (ddl)
• Pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathies, seizures
foscarnet (Foscavir)
• Headache, seizures, acute renal failure, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea
ganciclovir (Cytovene)
• Bone marrow toxicity, nausea, anorexia, vomiting